Tree stump bonsai production, cultivation and management techniques
Bonsai is one of the excellent traditional arts. It originates from nature, but is higher than nature. It is an organic combination of natural beauty and artificial beauty. It is praised by people as "three-dimensional painting, silent poetry, and living sculpture".
Bonsai is divided into stump bonsai, landscape bonsai and other material bonsai. Among them, stump bonsai is also called tree bonsai, which is to plant woody plants in pots. After pruning, binding, shaping and other processing processes and careful cultivation and management, it becomes an elegant and magnificent tree miniature.
The cultivation and management of stump bonsai include the following aspects:
1. Tools and materials
When cultivating, making and maintaining stump bonsai, some necessary tools and materials are needed, such as pruning shears, wood saws, wood files, cutting knives, hammers, round chisels, bamboo pressing plates, metal wires, palm fibers, etc.
2. Cultivation of stump bonsai seedlings
1. The materials required for stump bonsai are mainly trees, and trees mainly come from artificial breeding.
Artificial breeding generally adopts the following three methods:
Seeding: The sowing method can adapt to the mass production of seedlings. Take buckthorn as an example. Remove the outer seed coat of buckthorn fruit, rinse it and prepare for sowing. Place tiles on the bottom hole of the prepared seedling pot, take an appropriate amount of original soil and humus soil, mix them in a 1:1 ratio, and fill them into the pot. Sow the seeds evenly into the seedling pot, cover them with a layer of floating soil, the thickness of which is 3 times the diameter of the seeds, water them, and cover them with glass to keep them warm and moist. In order to make them germinate faster, they can be placed in a warm and humid place for maintenance. In the second year, the seedlings can be planted in tile pots or seedbeds, and after another year of cultivation, they can be used to make small bonsai.
High-altitude layering: High-altitude layering is to use the nutritional organs of plants to reproduce them into multiple independent living individuals. Using this method, plants take root quickly, and the survival rate is as high as 99%. Take the osmanthus fragrans as an example. First, peel the required plant part by one to two centimeters by ring peeling, then tie the bottom tightly with transparent plastic cloth, apply nutrient soil with a certain humidity, and wrap it tightly. Because the roots of the plant do not like light, it is best to wrap it with a layer of black plastic cloth. After new roots grow, transplant it into a pot for maintenance.
Cuttings: Cuttings can be adapted to local conditions and use the branches of existing plants for seedling propagation. Taking Podocarpus as an example, select healthy branches grown that year, remove two-thirds of the leaves, and insert them into the prepared seedling pots. Fill the seedling pots with an appropriate amount of pure sand, then put on plastic bags, maintain the humidity and temperature of the small environment in the cutting pots, observe once every four or five days, and plant them after rooting.
2. Cultivation: No matter which method of propagation is used to breed trees, they must first be planted in the ground and cultivated for a certain period of time, which is called cultivation.
While cultivating the embryos, the trees must also be shaped until the trunks, branches and roots of the trees basically meet the requirements of bonsai.
The cultivation time ranges from 2 to 3 years to more than 10 years. If a seedling is to be cultivated into a large stump bonsai, it generally takes at least 15 years, and it takes longer for conifers and cypresses, while trees for making small bonsai generally take 3 to 5 years to form.
3. Reshaping: After the tree has been grown and its trunk reaches a certain thickness, generally about 70% of the required thickness, it can be dug up and roughly processed, which is called reshaping.
The modification includes cutting off the roots, cutting off the upper part of the trunk, selecting the main branches, etc. The modification time is generally before the spring buds. Some southern plants and evergreen plants can be modified when the weather is warm.
3. Making of stump bonsai
Because the creators have different ideas and aesthetics, the production methods will also be different. Therefore, stump bonsai has formed several major schools, such as Su School, Shanghai School, Northern School, Lingnan School, etc. Below we introduce some conventional production methods to everyone.
Root shaping
The roots exposed outside will make the pile scenery look old and strange, natural and simple, with tangled roots, and more ornamental effects. We can deal with it through artificial methods.
First, when changing the pot every year, the roots can be gradually exposed.
You can also put a rock in the middle of the roots when changing the pot, so that the exposed roots are wrapped behind the rock, and the scenery is unique.
If you use a stone-attached bonsai, you can chisel a small groove in the rock, tie the roots to the rock, and stick moss or sacks on the outside of the roots and fix them with wire. In this way, the wire will not cause direct damage to the roots. After they survive, remove the wrapping.
Stem shaping: Only when the stem
is thick and old can it show a natural decayed shape. You can use the carving method to peel off part of the bark, so that the surface of the bark is uneven to show old age. Before peeling, mark the peeled bark part with a pen. After peeling, the wood part is exposed, and the wood part is painted with light ink to make the overall color harmonious.
The bent stem can show the charm of being often blown by strong winds, and it can also show the state of a thousand-year-old tree growing on the top of a mountain. To achieve this ornamental effect, you can use wire or brown silk to bend it.
The two halves of the tree split in half are full of vitality and naturally simple. The method is to split the main stem with a chisel or an axe, sandwich small stones in the middle to fix its shape, then fill it with soil, plant it in a shady place, water it, and transplant it into a pot after new leaves grow.
Gardening
Flower Gardening
Bonsai is divided into stump bonsai, landscape bonsai and other material bonsai. Among them, stump bonsai is also called tree bonsai, which is to plant woody plants in pots. After pruning, binding, shaping and other processing processes and careful cultivation and management, it becomes an elegant and magnificent tree miniature.
The cultivation and management of stump bonsai include the following aspects:
1. Tools and materials
When cultivating, making and maintaining stump bonsai, some necessary tools and materials are needed, such as pruning shears, wood saws, wood files, cutting knives, hammers, round chisels, bamboo pressing plates, metal wires, palm fibers, etc.
2. Cultivation of stump bonsai seedlings
1. The materials required for stump bonsai are mainly trees, and trees mainly come from artificial breeding.
Artificial breeding generally adopts the following three methods:
Seeding: The sowing method can adapt to the mass production of seedlings. Take buckthorn as an example. Remove the outer seed coat of buckthorn fruit, rinse it and prepare for sowing. Place tiles on the bottom hole of the prepared seedling pot, take an appropriate amount of original soil and humus soil, mix them in a 1:1 ratio, and fill them into the pot. Sow the seeds evenly into the seedling pot, cover them with a layer of floating soil, the thickness of which is 3 times the diameter of the seeds, water them, and cover them with glass to keep them warm and moist. In order to make them germinate faster, they can be placed in a warm and humid place for maintenance. In the second year, the seedlings can be planted in tile pots or seedbeds, and after another year of cultivation, they can be used to make small bonsai.
High-altitude layering: High-altitude layering is to use the nutritional organs of plants to reproduce them into multiple independent living individuals. Using this method, plants take root quickly, and the survival rate is as high as 99%. Take the osmanthus fragrans as an example. First, peel the required plant part by one to two centimeters by ring peeling, then tie the bottom tightly with transparent plastic cloth, apply nutrient soil with a certain humidity, and wrap it tightly. Because the roots of the plant do not like light, it is best to wrap it with a layer of black plastic cloth. After new roots grow, transplant it into a pot for maintenance.
Cuttings: Cuttings can be adapted to local conditions and use the branches of existing plants for seedling propagation. Taking Podocarpus as an example, select healthy branches grown that year, remove two-thirds of the leaves, and insert them into the prepared seedling pots. Fill the seedling pots with an appropriate amount of pure sand, then put on plastic bags, maintain the humidity and temperature of the small environment in the cutting pots, observe once every four or five days, and plant them after rooting.
2. Cultivation: No matter which method of propagation is used to breed trees, they must first be planted in the ground and cultivated for a certain period of time, which is called cultivation.
While cultivating the embryos, the trees must also be shaped until the trunks, branches and roots of the trees basically meet the requirements of bonsai.
The cultivation time ranges from 2 to 3 years to more than 10 years. If a seedling is to be cultivated into a large stump bonsai, it generally takes at least 15 years, and it takes longer for conifers and cypresses, while trees for making small bonsai generally take 3 to 5 years to form.
3. Reshaping: After the tree has been grown and its trunk reaches a certain thickness, generally about 70% of the required thickness, it can be dug up and roughly processed, which is called reshaping.
The modification includes cutting off the roots, cutting off the upper part of the trunk, selecting the main branches, etc. The modification time is generally before the spring buds. Some southern plants and evergreen plants can be modified when the weather is warm.
3. Making of stump bonsai
Because the creators have different ideas and aesthetics, the production methods will also be different. Therefore, stump bonsai has formed several major schools, such as Su School, Shanghai School, Northern School, Lingnan School, etc. Below we introduce some conventional production methods to everyone.
Root shaping
The roots exposed outside will make the pile scenery look old and strange, natural and simple, with tangled roots, and more ornamental effects. We can deal with it through artificial methods.
First, when changing the pot every year, the roots can be gradually exposed.
You can also put a rock in the middle of the roots when changing the pot, so that the exposed roots are wrapped behind the rock, and the scenery is unique.
If you use a stone-attached bonsai, you can chisel a small groove in the rock, tie the roots to the rock, and stick moss or sacks on the outside of the roots and fix them with wire. In this way, the wire will not cause direct damage to the roots. After they survive, remove the wrapping.
Stem shaping: Only when the stem
is thick and old can it show a natural decayed shape. You can use the carving method to peel off part of the bark, so that the surface of the bark is uneven to show old age. Before peeling, mark the peeled bark part with a pen. After peeling, the wood part is exposed, and the wood part is painted with light ink to make the overall color harmonious.
The bent stem can show the charm of being often blown by strong winds, and it can also show the state of a thousand-year-old tree growing on the top of a mountain. To achieve this ornamental effect, you can use wire or brown silk to bend it.
The two halves of the tree split in half are full of vitality and naturally simple. The method is to split the main stem with a chisel or an axe, sandwich small stones in the middle to fix its shape, then fill it with soil, plant it in a shady place, water it, and transplant it into a pot after new leaves grow.