I. Traditional Chinese medicine remedies for disease prevention and control:

(1) For powdery mildew, wipe the leaves of the affected plant with cotton soaked in alcohol 2-3 times to make the powdery mildew disappear; or spray the leaves of the diseased plant with a 5% vinegar solution to prevent powdery mildew and black spot disease.

(2) For black spot disease, mix 250 grams of leek juice with about 15 kilograms of water, filter it, and spray the juice on the diseased plants once or twice a day. The disease can be controlled and cured within a week. Alternatively, plant leeks, garlic, green onions, etc., next to the roots and stems of plants with black spot disease. After the leek stems and leaves survive, the diseased plants will gradually be cured.

(3) For stem blight, quicklime mixed with water is used to make lime milk and spray it to prevent stem blight, anthracnose, soft rot and other diseases.

(4) For gumming, first scrape off the gum that is flowing out of the branches and trunks of the flowers and trees, and then apply gentian violet to the scraped area. Apply once every 10 days, and apply 2 to 3 times in a row to control the gumming.

II. Traditional Chinese medicine remedies for pest control:

(1) To kill aphids, take 3 orange peels, soak them in warm water in a teacup, cover and let it sit for 24 hours. Spray the leaves and stems of the diseased plant with the juice once a day. After about a week, the aphids can be killed. Alternatively, soak 50 grams of cigarette butts in 750 grams of water for 24 hours, and then use a brush or paintbrush to apply the cigarette liquid to kill the aphids. Or, use laundry detergent to make a 1%-2% concentration solution and spray or apply it to the insect body to block the aphids' spiracles, causing them to suffocate and die.

(2) To kill spider mites, boil one part red chili pepper with 20 times the amount of water for 10-20 minutes, filter out the residue and spray the solution. This is effective against both spider mites and aphids. Alternatively, place a lit mosquito coil in the pot of the diseased plant and seal the pot opening with a plastic film. After about an hour of fumigation, the adult mites or eggs will be killed.

(3) To kill scale insects, dilute white wine with water at a ratio of 1:2. When treating the insects, water the surface of the potting soil thoroughly. Starting from May, water once every half month for three or four consecutive times to prevent and control various pests; or add 5-10 grams of laundry detergent to 500 grams of water, stir and dilute, and spray once or twice to kill all scale insects (each time at one-week intervals).

(4) To eliminate nematodes, mix one part quicklime with 20 parts water, heat and melt it, then add 5-10 cigarette butts and soak for 24 hours. After filtering, add 40 parts water and spray the soil and the area around the bottom of the pot to prevent and control nematodes.

(5) To remove pests such as stem borers and whiteflies, boil 200 grams of Sichuan pepper with 10 times the amount of water to make a stock solution, then dilute it with 10 times the amount of water and spray it. This can treat pests such as stem borers, whiteflies, and scale insects.

(6) Eliminating termites, black ants, and earthworms: These are all major enemies of flowerpots. The method is as follows: Fill a bucket with clean water and slowly lower the affected flowerpot to the bottom (the water level should be above the top). After about half an hour, all the ants on the surface will be removed. Earthworms will take about an hour to emerge from the soil and enter the bucket. This method is effective in one go and leaves no ants behind. Alternatively, peel garlic cloves, crush them into small pieces with a knife, and place them at equal intervals in the soil of the flowerpot. Water normally, and the ants and earthworms will disappear in two or three days. However, this will not affect the growth of the plants.

(7) Drowning snails: Put beer in a shallow basin and place it at the bottom of the basin. Snails will automatically crawl into the basin and drown.

(8) To eradicate longhorn beetles, sew several small bags from waste cloth, put two camphor balls in each bag, and then tie the bags tightly. Before the sap flows in April and May, bury three small bags of camphor balls around the roots of the potted plant (30 cm in radius and about 10 cm deep) and let them dissolve gradually in the moist soil so that the plant can slowly absorb them. In about six months, the longhorn beetles will be eradicated, and the fruit can ripen about 10 days earlier. This also avoids the pollution of the fruit caused by spraying pesticides.