1. Five-layer landscape

First layer: large trees with a height of 7-8 meters and a breast diameter of 20 centimeters outline the sky;

Second layer: 4-5m high small trees and large shrubs add layers ;

Third layer: 2-3m high shrubs ;

The fourth layer: flowers and small shrubs are the most layered part;

Fifth layer: Lawns and ground covers for people to appreciate up close.

Example:

2. Typical methods of landscape planting

The planting of typical plant groups is based on the following forms:

1. Large round-crowned broad-leaved trees: such as sycamore, maple, locust, ash, etc.;

2. Large trees with high crowns and broad leaves: such as Populus tomentosa and Populus xinjiangensis;

3. Tall tower-shaped evergreen trees: such as juniper, pencil cypress, giant spruce, etc.;

4. Low tower - shaped evergreen trees: such as Picea spruce ( 2-3 meters ), Cypress ball, etc.;

5. Round-crowned evergreen trees: such as Chinese pine and white pine;

6. Ball-like evergreen shrubs: such as boxwood balls, golden privet balls, red-leaf barberry balls, etc.

7. Pruning color ribbons: such as pruning large-leaf boxwood, golden-leaf privet, red-leaf barberry ( bo ), etc.

8. Small trees: such as purple-leaf plum, magnolia, etc.;

9. Vertical shrubs: such as magnolia, hibiscus, etc.

10. Cluster shrubs: such as Prunus armeniaca, Peach Blossom, Crape Myrtle, and Goldenrod;

11. Shrubs that can be planted densely: such as Deutzia, Jasmine, Weigela, etc.

12. Ordinary flower ground cover: such as chrysanthemum, phlox, sedum, sage, etc.;

13. Long-leaf ground cover: such as Yuan Tail, Hemerocallis, Jade Belt Grass, Pennisetum, Miscanthus, etc.

3. Park Landscape Features

1. Five-layer vertical greening with rich layers

1-1 , 5- layer vertical greening creates a living experience full of lively vitality.

2. High coverage three-dimensional greening

2-1 . Separation of people and vehicles: Motor vehicles enter the community and are directly stored in the warehouse, thus reducing the road area;

2-2 . Strictly control hardscape: Hard paving should be less than 20% , so that every community is full of green;

2-3 . Clever use of flowers and plants: the walls and railings are covered with flowers and plants.

3. Mature gardens, full crown transplantation

3-1 . Gardening comes first: “Plants are the facade of the building”, and the gardening comes first before the project starts;

3-2 . Self-built nurseries: Based on the principle of selecting trees at the same latitude, 9 large nurseries were built;

3-3 . Full crown transplantation: Select mature trees from the same latitude areas across the country to ensure the growth form of the plants.

4. Romantic landscape theme

4-1 . From the plane composition, plant color, small piece setting, etc., try to highlight the romantic landscape theme.

5. Pictorial Flat Composition

5-1 . Arc arrangement:

Greening mostly adopts curved plane composition. Water systems, flower belts, and walking paths are arranged through scientific arc calculations, which is particularly prominent in low-density projects.

5-2 . Complementary scenes and shadows:

The high-rise project mainly adopts curved plane composition, which is complemented by hard space with regular elements at important landscape nodes, showing the spatial atmosphere of the high-rise community.

6. Full sensory contact of color, fragrance, taste, shape and color

6-1 . Color: Plants should have flowers in all seasons, elegant in summer and bright in winter;

6-2 . Fragrance: Choose fragrant flowers such as plum blossom, wintersweet, crape myrtle, osmanthus, etc.

6-3 . Taste: Full crown transplantation ensures the original growth form of the plant;

6-4 . Shape: The tree shape should be beautiful, and you should examine it 360 degrees to find the best viewing effect for customers;

6-5 . Sound: Fountains and waterfalls are often set up at community entrances, landscape focal points, etc. They are not only a water feature, but also can create the sound of water and the "sound of the landscape".

7. Theme park to enhance atmosphere

7-1 . Project surroundings: Utilize the natural environment around the project to set up exclusive gardens with landscape concepts such as forest corridors and forest valleys;

7-2 . Inside the community: arrange theme parks with romantic elements such as vanilla jungle and lavender garden. The theme parks are displayed in advance as part of the demonstration area and play a role in shocking landscape display.

8. Winding landscape paths

8-1 , Curved landscape, flowers on both sides of the path are carefully arranged;

8-2 . The hard pavement and the surrounding landscape create a unique sense of privacy and warmth

9. Situational sketches that fit the theme

9-1 . Unique shape: The landscape sketches are unique in shape, creating a very natural and situational life;

9-2 . Differentiation of form: Landscape pieces of the same shape may not have exactly the same external form.

10. Pots and pans are everywhere

11. Rigorous landscape details

11-1 . Surround low flower beds with plants;

11-2 . Signs that blend in with the landscape;

11-3 . Plants wrap around the hard corners of the building;

11-4 . Trash cans also have green decorations;

11-5 . For the paved ground of the curved section, the arc adopts plate transition;

11-6 , the staggered side stones and flat stones, the joints always maintain the staggered joints in the play;

11-7 . When joining stones on a circular top, the circumference of the circle should be evenly divided, and all joints should point to the center of the circle;

11-8 . The joints at the corners of multi-story staircase treads should be kept consistent from top to bottom.

12. Careful garden maintenance

The grass length should not exceed 10 cm , and there should be no more than 5 weeds per square meter .

12-1 . Planning and pruning: Plan the future growth of trees according to the community's aesthetics and choose different pruning techniques;

12-2 . Revitalization and adjustment: The first two years are the maintenance and adjustment period, and rectification is carried out together with the configuration company;

12-3 . Timely disposal of dead leaves: There should not be large areas of dead branches and leaves in the community. For example, when the flowers of the Allium orchid wilt, people should be arranged to pick off the dead parts one by one.

IV. Design principles: "Three major disciplines and ten points of attention"

Three major disciplines:

1. Control the ratio of soft and hard scenes

Principle: Under limited total hardscape cost, reduce the area and create a sense of refinement;

1-1 . The proportion of hardscape (paving + waterscape) in the total landscape projection area is: 5-8% for villas , 6-9% for houses , and 7-10 % for apartments . If there are ground parking spaces, the area can be relaxed a little. If there is a separation of people and vehicles, the area should be tighter.

A. The smaller the plot, the higher the plot ratio and the higher the hardscape ratio:

B. The proportions vary between villa types, with single-family villas having lower proportions than townhouses; the proportions vary between grades, with the higher the grade, the lower the proportion of hardscape;

1-2 . A project should use no more than three types of paving materials (excluding water features);

1-3 . Hard materials must be protected on the surface to prevent the absorption of dirt;

1-4 . It is not advisable to use large pieces of stone for hard paving of vehicles and pedestrian paths in public areas of the park, mainly because they are easy to break and the color difference is difficult to handle;

1-5 . It is not easy for the park roads to bend excessively artificially, which wastes materials and paving costs, and customers are not sensitive after planting plants;

1-6 . The model area is walked to the multi-purpose wooden deck, which has a fast construction speed and is well matched with the soft landscape. However, the wooden deck should be closely arranged to avoid the embedding of women's high heels;

1-7 . For curved roads, try to use one-time formed materials, such as washed stone and colored concrete;

1-8 . Try to use the same material for individual sub-projects, such as roads, bridges, landscape walls, pavilions, courtyard water bodies, flower beds, and keep them as simple as possible.

2. Proportion of total cost of managing trees and large shrubs

2-1 . Trees + large shrubs ( over 2m ) account for more than 80% of the total seedling cost , of which large trees + medium trees ( over 5m ) account for more than 65% of the total seedling cost ;

Interpretation: Pay attention to regional differences. Historically, in Chongqing, trees and large shrubs accounted for about 60% of the total soft landscape cost (the difference between the cost of soft landscape and seedlings lies in the presence or absence of planting soil). In the future, the number of trees will be greatly increased and the number of shrubs will be reduced. It is recommended to control it at around 75% .

2-2 . Priority order for seedling cost allocation

The finishing touch tree - big tree - small tree - big shrub - the finishing touch climbing plant - medium ball shrub - small ball shrub - climbing plant (wall ground) - grass ground - patch shrub ground - perennial flower ground - grass flower ground

Interpretation: The main purpose is to control the use of 20-40 cm low- and medium-level shrubs, use herbaceous flowers with caution, and promote perennial ground covers.

3. Controlling the retaining wall area and methods

3-1 . Try to process it in the general drawing stage:

①Reduce the area of ​​retaining wall structure by adjusting the road elevation;

Case: What would happen if the elevation of Beijing Yanlanshan and Xiangdi Walking Roads was lowered by 60 to 2500px , or the pedestrian bridge on the underpass was cancelled?

② Establish retaining walls by grading the slope to reduce the height of the self-gravity retaining wall

Case: The handling methods of Chongqing Blue Lake County and Chunsen Bian'an.

3-2 . Try to reduce the processing cost of retaining wall finishes and "soften" and "beautify" the retaining wall:

① Timber piles, stones and bricks can be used to build retaining walls at low elevations, saving the cost of surface material processing;

Case: For example, the greening of the tutoring center next to the fire lane of the first group in Xiyuan, Chongqing.

② Use soil slope to cover the retaining wall, and then plant greenery on the slope;

Negative case: Nanyuan Group 3.

③ Beautify with evergreen plants + flowering plants + exterior wall paint, or with wooden grilles + evergreen plants + flowering plants.

3-3 . The basement floor elevation of hydrophilic buildings should be coordinated with the municipal drainage elevation. If coordination is not possible, the basement may not have a bathroom. Even if a bathroom is installed, drainage can be considered. Otherwise, it may be necessary to consider increasing the retaining wall by more than 3m at the waterside .

Case: Xiangzhanglin added a bathroom to the basement of eight households on the lake island, which added several thousand square meters and millions of square meters to the cost. Ten points to note:

1. Main trees and main scenic spots

1-1 . Select the main landscape plants from trees, shrubs, ground covers, climbing plants and grasses. Take a comprehensive balance of factors such as "low cost, easy to obtain, large amount of green, long green period, easy to plant and easy to survive" to guide the design. There are no cheap (ugly) plants, only cheap (ugly) combinations;

Case: West Garden: Small-leaf banyan tree is the main landscape tree;

Camphor forest: Use camphor, especially Cinnamomum tazetta of the Lauraceae family.

1-2 . Each community should have 2 to 3 landscapes that can create visual impact and leave a memorable impression.

2. Cancel the concept of "roadside trees" and replace them with plant community layout

Among them, 2-3 kinds of plants show a certain visual unity. A large number of "partial crown" or "imperfect branch" trees and shrubs can be planted in a combination to lean toward the road surface to achieve the effect of "full and gorgeous + thick shade on both sides of the road". It is easy to select trees, control the tree planting site, and control the cost.

Interpretation:

① Avoid the emergence of municipal planting patterns in the park;

② Reduce the requirements for the shape and specifications of street trees through plant community arrangement, reduce resource pressure, and achieve the best effect with the least money;

③Achieve better results through the combination of large bonsai.

3. The water body is mostly dotted with wall springs, dotted springs or streams

3-1 . The bottom structure of the water body should use a hard pool bottom instead of a mud bottom, and the structure should be well-made to prevent subsidence, impact and leakage;

Interpretation: The ecological water bodies in the park are not suitable. The water body structure must be leak-proof, anti-sedimentation, and impact-resistant. Large water bodies must use reinforced concrete pool bottoms, and small water bodies can appropriately use flexible waterproofing.

3-2 . Glue or low-alkali cement should be used as the adhesive for hard paving to prevent the water from turning alkaline;

3-3 . The stream is “continuous but actually divided into sections”, making it easier to repair and maintain.

4. Tips to make your plants plump without spending too much money

4-1 . The elevation of the road on the roof of the underground garage shall not exceed 40 cm above the roof structure. After the soil is piled up, a slightly undulating terrain can be formed, which saves the amount of backfill soil and forms a rich green area.

Interpretation: Specific analysis for specific projects. The depth of soil covering is 900-1500mm , and the planting soil space on the top of the warehouse should be reasonably utilized (the road should be lower than the elevation of the finished backfill soil surface).

4-2 . Reduce the exposed area of ​​the wall. When planting on the roadside against the wall, the soil must be piled up to form a slope, so that the green volume is full when planting, and the cost of wall surface treatment is reduced at the same time;

4-3 . Tall trees are planted on high points;

4-4 . Try to use small trees or spherical shrubs to replace patch-planted shrubs, which can save costs while achieving the same amount of green;

4-5 . Combine trees with "imperfect branches" to save money by planting them in groups or clumps.

4-6 . At intersections and turning points, large trees, shrubs and flower ground covers should be treated with emphasis and heavy colors;

4-7 . Plant Da Qiao and Zhong Qiao as close to the road as possible and tilt them so that "the house cannot block the view"

Interpretation:

① Pay attention to the privacy of the perception within the field of vision;

② Large and medium trees should be planted as close to the road as possible and tilted, taking the road size into consideration;

③ Broaden the selection range of seedlings, and those with poor tree shapes can also be used ingeniously;

④ When purchasing trees, it is advisable to use low-branching trees.

4-8 . Use climbing plants to create visual focal points and interesting points at entrances, room corners, road turning points, and wall tops;

4-9 . Plants should not be arranged in lines as much as possible, but in clusters or sheets, not in a messy or thin manner, and the plants planted in sheets should not be exposed to the soil;

4-10 . If the price of large and small shrubs is high, try to replace them with cheaper small shrubs;

4-11 . Boldly use evergreen needles with large green volume and darker green color (such as pine, cypress, fir, etc.), or broad-leaved evergreens such as small-leaved banyan, osmanthus fragrans, coral, etc., as hedges or fences; mix with trees, shrubs, and climbing plants with brightly flowering to reduce the overly "serious" feeling.

5. Perimeter walls and noise isolation

5-1 . It is best to arrange commercial properties along the city roads, which can take advantage of the prosperity and isolate the noise, and save the wall;

5-2 . If there is a wide green belt beside the road, you can pile up soil (install iron nets and iron fences at high points) and plant dense and tall plants on both sides of the iron fences to cover it; if there is no wide green belt, you can directly use high walls or soundproof walls, and then soften it with green plants (climbing green plants);

5-3 . If the noise or interference around the park is too great, solid walls and green plants can be used to block it. If the noise is small, iron fences and green plants can be used. If you want to see through the scenery, you can also use glass.

5-4 . If it is near the water, try to use hydrophilic methods to treat it; if there is a drawdown zone near the water, you can add a hydrophilic platform or wooden boardwalk and add plants suitable for both water and land use to treat the drawdown zone.

6. Dos and Don’ts of Private Gardens

6-1 . There should be no slope in private gardens, especially in main activity gardens. Retaining walls can be used to form flat gardens with different elevations. The slope of private gardens should be controlled at 3-5 % ;

6-2 . The roads next to private gardens should be as straight as possible to facilitate demarcation and calculation of the area of ​​private gardens;

6-3 . The area measured on the construction drawing of the private garden project should be 5-10 % larger than the area of ​​the attached drawing in the sales contract ; when the construction is being laid out, the marketing and engineering departments should jointly set up a "suspension inspection point" for review; after the construction is completed, the marketing and property management departments should inspect and accept the project and make rectifications before handing over the house;

6-4 . The roads in private gardens should not damage the integrity and practicality of the gardens as much as possible, and should cover the entrance roads and doors; the roads and activity platforms in the gardens should use the same material, color and craftsmanship as much as possible to make the gardens not appear fragmented;

6-5 . Private gardens should avoid solid walls as much as possible and should be separated by dense plants. For safety reasons, iron mesh or iron fences can also be inserted into the hedges.

7. Park structures and sketches

7-1 . Try to use large solitary trees or clusters of trees to replace structures to form a visual center; use green plants instead of "walls" to form enclosures and block sight lines;

7-2 . Try not to install or install as few high pole street lights as possible in the park to avoid glare at night;

7-3 . Try not to have sculptures, especially cheap ones, and replace them with plants or small water features;

7-4 . Try to use garden pieces from the group's standard product library or garden pieces that are easy to purchase from outside. It is forbidden to design and customize pieces yourself.

7-5 . Wall lamps, floor lamps, and wall-mounted embedded lamps should be used as much as possible to illuminate the road steps. The height should be within 1.7m . The height of garden lamps is generally 3m , and the height of lawn lamps is generally 450-600mm ;

7-6 . The color temperature of plants and building exterior lights in residential areas should be similar to that of incandescent lamps, and attention should be paid to avoiding glare;

7-7 . Exhaust holes, air conditioners, distribution boxes, etc. in the community landscape should be covered and beautified with plants as much as possible. Even if they are beautified with wooden grille-style wooden slats, they should be treated as part of the community landscape.

8. Soil fertilization, drainage, and sprinkler and drip irrigation measures

8-1 . It is strictly forbidden to mix construction waste and stones into the soil;

8-2 . Add sand, nutrient soil, ceramsite (perlite), and long-lasting organic fertilizer to the soil to prevent compaction;

8-3 . The soil must be disinfected;

8-4 . Consider using sprinkler and drip irrigation systems in key tree groups or areas that are difficult to maintain, especially in northern regions;

8-5 . Sloping areas or low-lying areas must be treated as open ditches or blind ditches for drainage;

8-6 . When transplanting large trees, attention should be paid to adding wind shields (in the north) and inputting nutrients and life-preserving agents.

9. Dos and Don’ts in Construction

9-1 . During the construction of planting and covering the garage roof, the soil unloaded by the truck should be transported away and dispersed while unloading. It is prohibited to design the covering height of the garage roof to avoid adding structural reinforcement due to excessive load;

9-2 . Before covering the garage roof with soil, the structural diagram and the landscape soil planting diagram should be "overlaid" once, and the thick area of ​​the covering soil should overlap with the beam and column area;

9-3 . Overlay the municipal pipeline map and the planting map to prevent digging, and keep the results of the "overlay" on the property to facilitate later maintenance;

9-4 . Overlay the landscape water pipes, landscape cables and planting map to prevent them from being cut.

10. Measures to ensure the effectiveness of the park opening

10-1 . Be sure to prepare in advance a batch of trees, shrubs, climbing plants, grass flowers, thatch, aquatic plants and other plants for beautification that are in their proper flowering period and keep them ready for use at any time.

10-2 . For small movable finished water features, quick purchasing channels should be prepared on a daily basis so that they can be immediately available when needed in the model area;

10-3 . Prepare the climbing plants in pots in advance, and place them at the entrance, corners, walls, and flower stands. You can also use wire to weave shapes in advance, add climbing plants on them, and then move them in as a whole.

5. Landscape Design Management

1. Landscape design management process and elements

Design and R&D Department Workflow——Business Process

Main process: conceptual design - scheme design - preliminary design - construction drawing design - construction process control

Main line department: Design Department

Cooperating department: Marketing

cost

project

develop

Property

Commercial transport

2. Management of landscape design cooperation units

2-1 . Process management: inspection - storage - bidding - evaluation - confirmation

2-2 . Selection of cooperative units: Establish management standards for the inspection, selection and evaluation of supplier resources, and dynamically manage resources to ensure that the service quality of sub-suppliers meets the requirements;

2-3 . Evaluation of the cooperation unit: The contract unit must be evaluated once a year (at the end of the year or after the project is completed and put into use). The selected unit shall be evaluated before bidding;

2-4 . Resource library of cooperative units: establish a resource library of cooperative units according to profession and cooperation status.

3. Landscape design plan management

3-1 . Decompose the department's secondary plan according to the company's annual goals and primary plan;

3-2 . Form closed-door annual plans, monthly plans, and weekly plans;

3-3 . Form a project plan;

3-4 . Form a funding plan.

4. Design phase results and key control points at each stage

4-1 . Landscape design start-up phase

①Research and preparation;

② Prepare a working sketch and collect sketches of the site’s current status and characteristics;

③ Field survey and classification record of base data;

④Develop project design plan;

⑤ Propose landscape design ideas and concepts;

⑥Drafting landscape design contracts and design briefs;

⑦ Carry out the invitation of bids from landscape design units;

⑧Determine the landscape design unit;

⑨Project target cost

⑩Landscape project positioning and configuration standards

4-2 . Landscape design concept

① Use intentional pictures, sections, etc. to describe the overall tonality of the landscape and key landscape nodes;

②Control the area of ​​hardscape and waterscape;

③ The number of hardscape paving materials is generally controlled within 3-5 types;

④ Propose a range of species for trees, shrubs, etc.;

⑤Landscape concept of the experience area;

⑥General plan evaluation

⑦Conceptual design results

4-3 . Landscape design

① Plane functional zoning;

②Perspective drawing of important nodes;

③Vertical relationship;

④Relationship with building fire protection;

⑤Soft scene image;

⑥ Share green and give away green;

⑦ Control of greening indicators;

⑧Design results

4-4 . Landscape expansion design

① General layout plan and elevation plan;

② Plan layout of water supply and drainage;

③Material diagram;

④Lighting plan layout;

⑤Large sample drawing;

⑥ Plan of soft landscape soil modeling;

⑦ Arbor plan layout;

⑧ Plan layout of shrubs and ground cover plants;

⑨Perspective drawings and reference pictures of trees and shrubs at important nodes;

⑩ Expand preliminary design results.

4-5 . Landscape construction drawing synthesis stage

① Review the overlay of the comprehensive pipe network diagram and the large-scale landscape tree planting site plan diagram;

② Guide the comprehensive pipeline network construction drawings and landscape construction drawings based on the overlay drawing review opinions.

4-6 . Landscape construction drawing design

① Structural details and construction process details;

②Construction drawings of water and electricity systems;

③ Lighting corridor and control

④ Waterscape electrical control;

⑤ Tree configuration standards;

⑥Shrub configuration standards;

⑦Construction drawing design results.

4-7 . Landscape construction drawing disclosure and construction coordination stage

Construction drawing disclosure:

① Construction drawing design results (electronic and paper);

②Confirmation form and sample pieces of decorative materials;

③Pictures of selected plant planting effects;

④The text of the selected facilities and equipment;

⑤Submit a table of must-achievement targets and priority targets;

⑥Construction coordination stage of the landscape engineering target cost control table after submission for approval;

⑦Key point inspection;

⑧ Lead the way by example.

5. Analysis of key points of landscape design management

5-1 . Landscape design: 4 key links

① Design contract (task letter);

② Design process control;

③Design results review;

④Design change control.

5-2 . Demonstration Area

① Space organization and main entrance design;

②Main landscape design;

③ Courtyard and entrance design;

④Five -layer plant design;

⑤Waterscape design;

⑥Hard paving materials, etc.

5-3 . Landscape design effect

① Spatial layout: The layout is well-organized, and the input costs are prioritized;

② Reasonable matching of plants: Plants are the main spatial elements of landscape formation, and hard ground exists in the form of supporting roles;

③ Customer attention: according to the ranking of customer attention, the landscape highlights are considered;

④Marketing selling points: functions and details ensure quality, pay attention to marketing selling points, and increase product added value.

5-4 . Landscape design cost control

① Vertical design: reduce landscape structures and water bodies, effectively save earthwork and reduce costs;

② In drainage design: use the slope to place the road at the lowest point as possible to drain rainwater;

③ Material selection: use local materials, reuse them, control thickness and material specifications, and reduce losses;

④ Plant configuration: reserve space for plant growth; increase lawn area and reduce shrub area.

6. Landscape cost analysis

1. Landscape cost range

1-1 . Landscape cost range

①Soft scenery;

②Hardscape ;

③Perimeter walls, gates and entrance booths;

④ Guidance system;

⑤Environmental hydropower;

⑥Environmental facilities and sketches;

⑦ Outdoor swimming pool;

⑧Sports venues;

⑨Environmental protection and noise reduction project.

1-2 . Differences from the original range

① The cost of retaining wall structure is adjusted as follows:

◇ The cost of the structural retaining wall connected to the main structure of the building is included in the construction and installation engineering costs (construction engineering, main structure and initial decoration);

◇ For retaining walls that are not connected to the main structure of the building and must exist due to the height difference of the site itself, the structural cost shall be included in the three-connection and one-leveling engineering fee (site leveling).

② The cost of lighting projects (residential lighting, commercial lighting, commercial advertising space, light boxes), which was originally included in the landscape cost, has now been adjusted to include construction and installation project costs.

2. Details of landscape cost items

3. Regional characteristics of landscape costs

Feature 1 :

Feature 2 :

① The cost of soft landscape has a significant impact on the total landscape cost

② Factors affecting costs:

◇ The number of seedling species that can be used;

◇ Seedling procurement cost;

◇ Transport distance of seedlings;

◇ Size of seedling soil ball (transportation cost);

◇ The length of the suitable planting period;

◇ Planting survival rate;

◇ Is special protection needed in winter?

③Regional classification:

Category A : 4 regional companies in Chongqing, Chengdu, Shanghai and Southern Jiangsu

Category B : 3 regional companies in Beijing, Xi'an and Shenyang

VII. Conclusion

Based on the relevant provisions on landscape effects and the ratio of soft and hard landscapes in the "Three Major Disciplines and Ten Points for Attention in Landscape" and the landscape costs of the projects that have been settled within the group (a total of 7 ) and the pre-settled landscape costs of completed projects (a total of 6 ), the group's landscape cost guidance price is determined as shown in the table below (excluding sports venues, outdoor swimming pools, and environmental noise reduction project costs). Companies in each region can refer to the group's guidance price to formulate the target cost of each project.