To maintain the survival rate of trees in the park, ensure the normal growth of green seedlings and lawns , provide a beautiful and comfortable environment for visitors, and showcase the park's positive image, the following plan is hereby formulated :

(I)  Horticulture Techniques

Horticultural measures are fundamental for controlling pests, diseases, and rodents and should be implemented throughout the entire production process. The main measures include:

    1. Select and promote superior tree species with strong resistance to diseases and pests Resistance to various diseases and pests diseases and pests will be difficult to promote in production. Plant protection workers and breeders should strengthen cooperation to select and breed more superior varieties with strong resistance to diseases and pests to meet production needs. Currently, some superior varieties or clones resistant to pine rust, poplar longhorn beetle, poplar canker, and paulownia witches' broom disease have been selected .

    2. Select different tree species and densities according to different site conditions.

    3. Create mixed forests to avoid monoculture.

    4. Use healthy seedlings free from pests and diseases

    5. Strengthen the management of young and middle-aged seedlings by taking measures such as cultivating, weeding, fertilizing, irrigating and pruning to promote plant growth.

    6. Promptly remove diseased and insect-infested wood from the system to improve sanitary conditions.

    7. Indiscriminate logging is strictly prohibited; multi-layered vegetation growth should be promoted.

    Through the above measures, plants can grow stronger, have greater resistance to diseases and pests , and a significant increase in natural enemies such as insects, beneficial microorganisms, and birds, thereby improving the entire plant system's ability to control diseases and pests

(II) Biological control

Using beneficial organisms to control garden pests and diseases has advantages such as saving energy, lower control costs, no environmental pollution, and long-lasting control effects.

    1. Microbial preparations. Microbial insecticides mainly include Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, and insect viruses. Powdery mildew parasitic fungi can be used to control powdery mildew, rust parasitic fungi can control the development of rust, and Phyllostachys macrosporum can be used to control pine silver rot, etc.

    2. Natural Enemy Insects. Commonly used parasitic natural enemy insects in my country include Trichogramma wasps, swollen-legged wasps, ichneumon wasps, aphid wasps, and longhorn beetle borer wasps; predatory natural enemy insects include Mongolian ladybugs and multicolored ladybugs. Mongolian ladybugs are effective in controlling pine scale insects, parasitic natural enemies like the ichneumon wasp are effective in controlling hidden pests (such as longhorn beetles, bark beetles, longhorn beetles, jewel beetles, and lepidopteran pests like pine shoot borers and six-spotted leopard beetles), and longhorn beetle borer wasps are effective in controlling poplar longhorn beetles. Besides artificial release, it is important to protect the ecological environment of plantations during production to create conditions for the reproduction of natural enemies, thereby enhancing the control effect of various natural enemy insects on pests.

3. Beneficial birds. In poplar plantations, using artificial bird nests to attract beneficial birds such as great tits, woodpeckers, and azure finches can significantly reduce the density of leaf-eating pests and trunk-boring pests. 

    4. Application of sex pheromones. Since the 1970s, synthetic sex pheromones have been used for the prediction, forecasting, and control of some pests. In my country, traps made with the sex pheromones of the poplar clearwing moth and the gypsy moth have achieved good results in killing both species.

(III) Chemical control

Currently, chemical control remains the primary measure for controlling large-scale outbreaks of pests approximately 70% of the total area of ​​forest pest and disease control. With proper forecasting and timely application of pesticides, good control results can generally be achieved. Commonly used insecticides in China include imidacloprid, fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos, and diflubenzuron; fungicides include chlorothalonil, carbendazim, triadimefon, and thiophanate-methyl. Main application methods include spraying, dusting, fumigation, seed treatment, and smoke generation. In production, simple and easy-to-implement application methods have also been developed, such as applying poisoned marker rings to tree trunks, binding with poisoned ropes or paper strips, inserting poisoned sticks or tablets into borer holes, injecting pesticide solutions, and spreading poisoned soil or bait, which have yielded good control results. Fungicides can be divided into eradicants, protectants, and systemic agents. Eradicants directly kill pathogens, such as pentachlorophenol and formaldehyde. Protective agents can be applied directly to plants to protect them from harm, such as low-concentration lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, organosulfur, organophosphate, and organochlorine agents. Systemic agents are those absorbed by plants to inhibit the spread of pathogens, such as thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, and benomyl. Methods of applying chemical agents include soil disinfection, seed disinfection, and spraying the plants.

    (iv) Physical prevention and control

    In production, the attraction of adult insects to light can be utilized by setting up black light lamps or high-pressure insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adult insects. Methods such as ultrasonic treatment, heat treatment, and radiation irradiation can also be used to treat seeds and cuttings to eliminate pathogens or pests. For example, soaking the roots of paulownia seeds in warm water at 47–51℃ for one hour can prevent paulownia witches' broom disease. In northern China, taking advantage of the overwintering habit of pine caterpillars, tying plastic strips to the trunks before the caterpillars climb the trees in spring can prevent overwintering larvae from climbing and reduce their damage.