Cosmos

Cosmos 1. Blooms in May and June . August and September are hot and rainy, so there are fewer flowers. After the cool autumn, it continues to bloom until the frost. If sown in July and August , it will bloom in October , and the plants will be short and neat. Cosmos seeds have the ability to self-sow. Once planted, they will produce a large number of self-sowing seedlings. If they are slightly protected, they will bloom as usual. They can be sown in the open field in mid-April. If the temperature is suitable, the seedlings will emerge in about 6 to 7 days.

　　　It is sown in April and germinates quickly , 7-10 days after sowing . It can also be propagated by cuttings of softwoods , which will take root 15-18 days after cutting .

Transplant the seedlings when they have 4-5 true leaves and pinch off the top. Seedlings can be sown directly in early spring and then thinned out. If the planting site is fertilized with basal fertilizer , no further fertilization is needed during the growing season. If the soil is too fertile, the branches and leaves will grow too long and the flowering will decrease. Those that bloom during the high temperature period of July and August are not easy to set seeds. Seeds fall off easily after maturity , so they should be collected in the early morning. Cosmos is a short-day plant . Spring-sown seedlings tend to have lush leaves and few flowers , while summer-sown seedlings are short, neat, and bloom continuously.

Cornflower

Cornflowers are strong, cold-resistant, and like sunshine. They require fertile, loose, and well-drained soil. Generally, they are sown directly in the seedbed in September . They can overwinter in the open field in areas south of central China. There is no need to protect against cold in winter. They are transplanted in November or early March of the following year . In North China, autumn-sown seedlings are transplanted once when 2 to 3 true leaves grow. They are moved to the sunny bed before winter. They are covered with cold-proof materials in winter and transplanted in the open field in early spring of the following year. Basal fertilizer should be applied before transplanting. Because cornflowers have a taproot system and are not resistant to transplantation, they must be transplanted with a large soil ball. The stems of cornflowers are thin and weak, and they are easy to fall over. Therefore, the planting distance should not be too close to prevent over-crowding and poor ventilation from causing lodging. The seedlings need to be topped and pinched during the seedling stage to promote more branches and dwarf the plants, so that they bloom more and have a beautiful plant shape. During the growing season, apply liquid fertilizer once every 20 days , but be careful not to apply too much nitrogen fertilizer. Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to make the stems firm and the flowers bright. At the same time, watering should be appropriate, not too much. In the rainy season, pay attention to timely drainage, otherwise it will cause root rot and affect the normal growth of the plant.

Lupine

Seed propagation is carried out in autumn, and the germination is uniform at a high temperature of 21-30 ℃ . In lupin production, seed propagation is mostly carried out, and it can be sown in spring or autumn. It can be sown in March , but the growth period after spring sowing is in summer. Affected by the high temperature and heat, some varieties may not bloom or the proportion of flowering plants is low, the flower spikes are short, and the ornamental effect is poor. Under natural conditions, autumn sowing blooms earlier than spring sowing and grows better. Sowing is done in mid -September to October , and the flowering period is from April to June of the following year . Sowing and covering in 72- hole or 128- hole trays. The seedling soil should be loose and uniform, breathable and water-retaining. It is better to use special seedling soil or a mixture of peat soil and perlite. The seeds are large, and the suitable temperature for germination is about 25 ℃ . Ensure that the medium is moist. The seeds will germinate in 7 to 10 days, and the germination rate is high.

Baby's breath

Suitable temperature for germination : 15-20 degrees. Sowing period: autumn to early spring . Suitable temperature for growth: 10-25 degrees. Flowering period: May-July . Seedling cultivation: Choose loose soil as the bed, sow in September , cover with fine soil, germinate in about 10 days, and move to a cold bed for wintering before winter. Cultivation: Transplant to the open field with soil in the spring of the following year. After the seedlings are established and survive, pinch the top once to promote more branches. When the plant height is more than 20 cm, reduce the amount of irrigation as much as possible. Slight drought can promote flowering. Bloom in mid-to-late May . This species can also be sown directly in the open field before freezing in November or sown in early spring .

　It likes warm, humid and sunny environment, is relatively shade-tolerant and cold-resistant, and grows best in well-drained, fertile and loose loam. Slightly alkaline calcareous loam is preferred for cultivation, and good drainage and sunshine are required. When the plant height is more than 20 cm, the amount of irrigation should be reduced as appropriate. Slight drought can promote flowering, especially after flowering, poor drainage or long-term rain will cause the roots to rot. It likes warmth and avoids high temperature and humidity. The suitable temperature for growth is 10-25 ℃ .

Morning Glory

　The germination temperature of morning glory seeds is 20 to 30 degrees Celsius . They are usually sown in late April or early May (in the south, they can be sown earlier). They are sown in rows according to the variety in the fine sand seedbed. When the humidity is moderate, they will germinate in about 10 days. In about 10 days, the cotyledons will fully open. When the true leaves just germinate, they should be transplanted into small pots. Too early will make the seedlings weak, and too late will damage the roots, which is not conducive to future development. The small pots should be marked with the variety.

Lavender

Lavender seeds are small and suitable for seedling raising and transplanting. The sowing period is generally chosen in spring. In warm areas, it can be carried out from March to June or September to November each year. In cold areas , it is suitable to sow from April to June . It can also be sown in the greenhouse in winter. The germination days are about 14 to 21 days. The suitable temperature for germination is 18 to 24 ℃ . Appropriate light is required after germination, and weak light is easy to grow. Because the seeds have a long dormancy period, they should be soaked for 12 hours before sowing, and then soaked in 20-50ppm gibberellin for 2 hours before sowing. Before sowing, level the land and water it thoroughly. After the water seeps, sow the seeds evenly, then cover them with a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 0.2 cm, and cover them with grass or plastic film to retain moisture. Maintain 15 to 25 ℃ , require the seedbed to be moist, and the seedlings will emerge in about 10 days. If gibberellin is not used, it will take a month to germinate. It takes 1 to 3 months for the seeds to germinate when the temperature is below 15 °C . Spray water during the seedling stage. Thin out the seedlings when they are too dense. Transplant when the seedlings are about 10 cm tall.

Wreath Chrysanthemum

It likes cool climate, and the suitable temperature is 15 ℃ to 25 ℃ . It is not picky about soil, and can grow in garden soil, slightly acidic soil, and sandy loam. It can be propagated by sowing, and it can be sown in spring or autumn. . The seeds of chrysanthemum are small, and they are generally not covered with soil after sowing, but plastic film should be covered on the seedling pot to prevent water loss and have a heat preservation effect. Generally speaking, it will germinate 7 to 10 days after sowing, and transplant the seedlings after 3 to 5 true leaves grow . It can be potted or planted directly in the open field. The spacing between rows and plants should be 20 cm × 25 cm. Topdressing should be applied once every two weeks during the growing season. Chicken manure or compound fertilizer can be used. Fertilization should be appropriate, and watering should be done in time.

Aster

It can be sown from November to April of the following year , and the flowering time can be from April to August . The suitable temperature for germination is 18 to 21 degrees Celsius , and it will germinate 7 to 21 days after sowing. The seedlings grow rapidly, so they should be thinned out in time. Use fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer can be used as topdressing. Generally, it is sown in spring, summer and autumn, and it can bloom 2 to 3 months after sowing. The flowering period can be controlled by sowing in batches according to needs. Dwarf varieties are sown in the greenhouse from February to March or in the sunbed in March , and they can bloom from May to June ; sowing in the open field from April to May will bloom from July to August ; sowing in the early and middle ten days of July can bloom on the ' Eleventh ' ; sowing in the early and middle ten days of August, the seedlings overwinter in the cold bed, and bloom on the ' May Day ' of the following year . Medium-sized varieties are sown from May to June , and they bloom from August to September ; sowing in August requires a cold bed to overwinter, and they bloom from May to June of the following year . Tall varieties can be sown in spring and summer and all bloom in autumn, but it is best to sow them in early summer. When they are sown early and bloom, the plants will be tall and the leaves will be old, and the lower leaves will be withered and yellow.

After one transplant, the seedlings are transplanted when they are 10 cm tall . In summer drought, they must be irrigated frequently. Chrysanthemums for cut flowers in autumn must be illuminated for 1-2 hours at midnight to promote the growth and flowering of flower stems. Some side branches should be properly thinned, and 5-7 flower branches should be retained for each plant . The main method of promoting flowering period regulation is to control the sowing period. Sowing in March - April , flowering in July - August , sowing in August - September , and flowering at the end of the year. Chrysanthemums are transplanted once 15-20 days after germination , and transplanted in pots after 40-45 days of growth. 10-12 cm pots are usually used .

Verbena

Autumn sowing is usually carried out after mid-to-late September . After sowing in autumn, if you encounter cold waves and low temperatures, you can wrap the flower pots with plastic film to keep warm and moisturize. After the seedlings emerge from the soil, the film should be removed in time, and the seedlings should be exposed to sunlight before 9:30 in the morning or after 3:30 in the afternoon , otherwise the seedlings will grow very weakly. After most of the seeds have emerged, they need to be thinned out appropriately: pull out the diseased and unhealthy seedlings, so that the remaining seedlings have a certain space between each other. When most of the seedlings have grown 3 or more leaves, they can be transplanted into pots.

Violet

The optimum temperature for seed germination is about 16-20 ℃ . Generally, broadcasting is adopted. The soil of the seedbed should be finely sieved. The seedling medium should be soft and air-permeable. Water thoroughly with a watering can, then sow the dry seeds and cover them with 0.5 cm of fine soil. If sowing is done in a seedling tray, the seedling tray should be placed in a shaded and rainproof place. If the water retention of the bed soil is poor, cover the top with a mulch or glass after covering the soil. It takes about 4-6 days for the dry seeds to emerge. After the seedlings emerge, the shade should be gradually removed to expose them to light. Heavy rain should be prevented during the seedling stage. Violet has poor root regeneration ability. If conditions permit, use containers to grow seedlings and transplant them early. Each container should contain 1-2 seedlings, and the diameter of the container should be 8-10 cm. As the weather gets colder, the greenhouse or arch shed should be properly insulated to facilitate the growth of seedlings. The bed soil should always be kept moist. The seedlings should be placed on the south side of the greenhouse to obtain strong light and a large temperature difference to prevent leggy growth. When there are 8-10 leaves, plant 2-3 plants in a pot with a diameter of 26.7 cm . The seedlings can tolerate low temperatures of -5 ℃ , but avoid high temperatures and heat. The most suitable temperature for growth is 15-18 ℃ during the day and around 10 ℃ at night . It likes light, but is also slightly tolerant of semi-shade and not drought-tolerant. It likes fertile and loose soil. When the seedlings have 6-8 true leaves, control watering, and two different colors of leaves will appear. Remove the seedlings with yellow leaves and only keep the plants with dark green leaves for planting. Neutral or slightly acidic loam is required.

　　When the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 5 ℃ , it takes about 120-150 days from autumn sowing to flowering. In the cold northern regions, sowing is done in August , and in other regions in September , so that it can bloom around the Spring Festival. In order to arrange the spring flower beds, sowing should be done in December to January in the cold northern regions , which can reduce the number of days for raising seedlings.

Usually, violets are sown from February to May . The optimum temperature for germination is 20 to 26 ℃ . Germination requires light, and it can germinate in 4 to 9 days in a germination room . The optimum temperature for growth is around 18 ℃ . The seedling period is 7 to 8 weeks, and it blooms 8 to 11 weeks after potting . It is very light-resistant during the growth period; however, it should be shaded in strong light in summer, as concentrated strong light will cause some varieties to wither.

White Crystal Chrysanthemum

White crystal chrysanthemum is usually sown in autumn from September to October , and the suitable temperature for germination is 15 ℃ to 20 ℃ . Cover with a little soil and keep it moist. It will germinate in 5 to 8 days. It can be transplanted when it has 5 to 7 true leaves. After the seedlings are formed, a little topdressing is applied to promote the growth of the seedlings. It likes warmth, is relatively cold-resistant, likes light, and is also tolerant to semi-shade. The suitable temperature for growth is 15~25 degrees.

　　During its growth period, the white crystal chrysanthemum likes plenty of sunlight and cannot tolerate shade. The best soil for cultivation is fertile loam or sandy loam rich in organic matter. It needs good drainage and sunshine. Insufficient sunshine will cause poor flowering. The culture soil should be kept moist at ordinary times. Drought will not grow well. Cut off the remaining flowers immediately after the flowers fade, which can promote the production of new buds and flowering. It likes warmth and avoids high temperature and humidity. The suitable temperature for growth is 15 to 25 degrees C. In the rainy season, pay attention to avoid long-term moisture to cause rot, which can prolong the flowering period.

Autumn sowing is recommended in warm regions, and spring sowing is recommended in North China. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 15-20 degrees. It will germinate in 5-8 days and bloom 11-12 weeks after sowing .

Malan Flower

The temperature range for seed germination is 15oC to 30oC . It will not germinate when it is below 10 degrees Celsius or above 35 degrees Celsius. The germination rate is generally very low under constant temperature conditions, and the germination performance under cold and hot temperature conditions is significantly better than that under constant temperature. Under suitable soil moisture and temperature conditions, germination begins in about 25 days and seedlings emerge in about 35 days. It can be divided into 10-15 tillers in the year of sowing, and can become a mound in the second year and bloom in the third year. Amaranthus has a natural metabolism and never ages. It can be planted once and for all, and can be used comprehensively for sustainable development.

Shasta daisy

Perennial herb with stem height of 40 to 100 cm. Basal leaves are oblanceolate with long petioles, and stem leaves are sessile and linear. The capitula is solitary at the top of the stem, with white ligulate flowers and fragrance; tubular flowers are bisexual and yellow. Flowering period is June to July ; achenes, fruit ripening period is August to September .

It likes sunlight and its suitable growth temperature is 15 to 30 ℃ . It is not picky about soil and can grow in garden soil, sandy loam, slightly alkaline or slightly acidic soil.

Aquilegia

　Propagate by sowing or division. Sowing in spring and autumn, the seedlings can bloom in about 2 years. Planted seedlings need to be renewed every 3 to 4 years. Cold-resistant, strong growth, likes humus-rich, moist and well-drained sandy loam. It grows better in semi-shade. Aquilegia likes cool climates and avoids high temperature exposure in summer. It can be propagated by division or sowing. Sowing and propagation can be carried out in spring and autumn. Before planting, sufficient basal fertilizer should be applied. The spring in northern regions is relatively dry, and water should be watered 4 to 5 times a month (according to the environment, the number of waterings should be appropriately increased or decreased according to the dryness and humidity of the pot soil). In summer, appropriate shade should be provided, or planted in semi-shaded places. It will grow more vigorously, avoid water accumulation, and drain in time after rain. Strictly prevent lodging, and at the same time, pruning should be strengthened to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. When the seedlings grow to a certain height, they need to be pinched in time to control the height of the plants; after winter, sufficient basal fertilizer should be applied. In northern regions, sufficient antifreeze water should also be poured, and soil should be added to the base of the plants to improve the antifreeze ability over the winter.

It is best to sow seeds in pots immediately after they mature. Sow seeds sparsely. Cover the pots with glass before germination to keep the soil moist and shade. Seedlings will emerge after 1 month. Seedlings will bloom the following year. Seed propagation: Seeds can be sown from January to April in spring and from June to December in autumn.

Pineleaf Peony (Sunflower)

Pineleaf Peony is also called half-branch lotus and sunflower. It likes a warm, sunny and dry environment. It grows poorly in dark and humid places. It is extremely resistant to barrenness and can adapt to most soils. It can self-sow and reproduce. It blooms in the sun and closes in the morning, evening and cloudy days, so it is called sunflower and noon flower. The flowering period is from May to November .

　　Not only does it have rich and bright colors, but it also has an excellent landscape effect. It grows robustly and requires very little management. Although it is an annual, it has a strong ability to self-seed and reproduce, and can be viewed for many years. It is an excellent landscape flower species.

　 The seeds are very small, so they should be covered very lightly with fine vermiculite, or only slightly compacted after sowing to ensure sufficient moisture. The germination temperature is 21~24 ℃ , and the seedlings will emerge in about 7~10 days. The seedlings are extremely thin and weak, so if the temperature is kept high, the seedlings will grow quickly and form relatively thick and fleshy branches and leaves. At this time, the seedlings can be directly potted, using pots with a diameter of about 10 cm, and 2~5 plants can be planted in each pot. The survival rate is high and the growth is rapid.

　　Propagate by sowing or cuttings. It can be sown in spring, summer and autumn. When the temperature is above 20 ℃ , the seeds germinate and sprout about 10 days after sowing. The soil should be thinly covered, and it can grow without soil. Plant the seedlings separately, with a spacing of 5×6 cm. It needs to be fertilized several times. The fruit will crack when it is ripe, and the seeds are easy to scatter, so it needs to be harvested in time.

Bluebells

Propagate by sowing. Sow seeds immediately after they mature, and the plants will bloom the following year. If sow in cool autumn, most seedlings will not bloom until the end of spring in the third year.

Pay attention to prevent cold during winter, and a low-temperature greenhouse is needed. Cold bed protection is needed in the Yangtze River Basin. When the seedlings survive the summer, a certain degree of shade should be given to avoid strong sunlight.

Dutch Chrysanthemum

Perennial herb. Strong cold resistance, can overwinter in the open field in Northeast China. Prefers warm, humid and sunny environment, strong cold resistance. Also tolerant to heat, preferably fertile, well-drained sandy soil or leaf mold. Flowering period is August to October .

Dutch chrysanthemum has a head-shaped inflorescence, densely growing, and blooms from August to September . The flower colors are blue, purple, red, white, etc. It is commonly propagated by sowing, cuttings and division. Sowing in spring in April , germination 12-14 days after sowing .

During cultivation, attention should be paid to:

　　1. Prune and pinch the tops at the right time. Chrysanthemum is a pruning-resistant plant, and pinching and pruning can promote dense flowers.

　　2. Fertilization and watering. Apply sufficient basal fertilizer before planting, and apply thin cake fertilizer once every two weeks during the growth period to promote vigorous growth. At the same time, water as appropriate, and water in time during drought.

3. If you find any pests or diseases during cultivation, you should spray pesticides in time. Dutch chrysanthemums are generally susceptible to powdery mildew, so they should not be planted too densely. Pay attention to controlling humidity and ventilation. Once the disease is found, spray pesticides in time.

South African Marigold

It likes sunshine and is moderately cold-resistant. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -3 ℃ to -5 ℃ . It is drought-resistant. It likes loose and fertile sandy loam. It performs better in a moist and well-ventilated environment. It has strong branching ability and does not need to be pinched. It blooms early and has a long flowering period. Low temperatures are conducive to the formation of flower buds and flowering. It can grow all year round in areas with a mild climate.

Snapdragon

Snapdragon is relatively cold-resistant, not heat-resistant, likes sunlight, and can tolerate semi-shade. The suitable temperature for growth is 7-10℃ from September to March of the following year, and 13-16℃ from March to September. The seedlings pass the vernalization stage at 5℃ . High temperature is not good for the growth and development of Snapdragon. The suitable temperature for flowering is 15-16℃ . Some varieties do not branch when the temperature exceeds 15 ℃ , which affects the plant shape. Snapdragon is sensitive to water. The pot soil must be kept moist and the potted seedlings must be fully watered. However, the pot soil must have good drainage and no water accumulation, otherwise the roots will rot and the stems and leaves will turn yellow and wither. The soil should be fertile, loose and well-drained slightly acidic sandy loam.

　　Snapdragon is a light-loving herb. Under full sunlight, the plant grows short, compactly, evenly, and in uniform height, and blooms evenly with bright colors. Under semi-shady conditions, the plant grows taller, the inflorescence is elongated, and the flower color is lighter. It is not sensitive to the length of light, such as the Flower Rain series of snapdragons, which are almost insensitive to the length of daylight. 　　

Five-color chrysanthemum

Five-color chrysanthemum has weak cold resistance and cannot tolerate extreme heat. It is suitable for growing in a dry and sunny environment and requires well-drained soil.

　　It blooms in summer, the optimum temperature for germination is 18~22 ℃ , it needs light, and the germination days are 12~16 days. It blooms in potted plants after 14~15 weeks, and the flower colors are rich.

Five-color chrysanthemum is suitable for the edge of flower beds, and can also be used as potted flowers and cut flowers. It is easy to cultivate and requires loose management. It prefers relatively loose sandy loam and does not require much water and fertilizer. It is suitable for planting in the north and south. It has brilliant and numerous flowers, neat and compact plant shape, plant height of about 30~45CM , and a long flowering period.

American Dianthus

Perennial herbaceous plant, often cultivated as a biennial plant, plant height 30-50 cm. Stem erect. Leaves opposite, lanceolate or linear, dark green. Flowers small and densely grown in capitate cymes, rich in color, commonly cultivated varieties include red, pink, dark red, white, and purple, fragrant, flowering period May-June . Capsule rectangular, seeds small, dark brown, fruiting period July .

It is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, afraid of heat and waterlogging, likes plenty of sunlight, and semi-shade is appropriate in summer. It likes high, dry and ventilated places, and requires fertile, loose, well-drained calcareous loam with a pH value between 7 and 8.5 . It is suitable for planting in northern regions.

　　Propagation is mostly done by sowing. In the north, sowing should be done early rather than late. Sowing should be done before autumn (late August to early September ) to allow the seeds to grow into seedlings with more branches, so as to complete the low-temperature vernalization and ensure more and better flowers.

Tricolor bindweed

Generally, most of them are propagated by sowing. The sowing period is from early spring to early summer. The suitable temperature for germination is about 18 ~25 ℃ . They can be sown in seedling trays and covered with a thin layer of soil to keep the soil moist. Transparent plastic film can be covered on the seedling tray to maintain humidity, but water cannot accumulate in the tray. It will germinate in about 7~14 days. At this time, the plastic cloth can be removed and placed in a bright place. When there are 3~5 leaves , they can be transplanted into pots. However, the seedlings of tricolor morning glory are not resistant to transplantation, so you need to be careful when transplanting. You can also sow them directly in the pot from the beginning.

Calendula

It likes sunny environment, has strong adaptability, can withstand low temperature of -9 ℃ , and is afraid of hot weather. It is not selective in soil, and loose, fertile, slightly acidic soil is best. It can self-sow. Calendula is highly adaptable, grows fast, is relatively cold-resistant, and is not selective in soil. It can withstand barren and dry soil and cool environment, and grows well in sunny and fertile areas.

Lychnophora

Perennial herb, can be sown in spring or autumn, autumn sowing is preferred. Spring sowing is done in early May , when the temperature reaches 20 ℃ , it will germinate, and seedlings will emerge in about 15 days, with an emergence rate of 80 %. When the seedlings have 7-8 pairs of leaves, pinch the top to promote more branches, and they will bloom in July-August . Autumn sowing is done in late August , pay attention to cold protection in winter, and plant in early May of the following year , and it will bloom in July .

pansy

　 It is relatively cold-resistant and likes cool weather . It grows well under the conditions of daytime temperature of 15-25 ℃ and nighttime temperature of 3-5 ℃ . If the daytime temperature is continuously above 30 ℃ , the flower buds will disappear or no petals will form. The length of daylight has a greater impact on flowering than the intensity of light. If the sunlight is poor, the flowering will be poor. It likes fertile, well-drained, organic-rich neutral loam or clay loam. It is a perennial flower and is often cultivated as a biennial.

Sowing method: autumn and winter are the best time for sowing in South China, and the best temperature for seed germination is about 15-20°C . Sow the seeds evenly in fine snake sawdust, keep it moist, and germinate in about 10-15 days. If the temperature is too high and it is not easy to germinate, you can germinate first and then sow. Fold half a piece of toilet paper into a square, put it in a small plastic zipper bag, and then drip a little water to make the toilet paper fully absorb water, then pour the seeds into the bag, seal the bag, and place it in a refrigerator at 5-8°C . After about 6-7 days, take it out for sowing. After germination and seedlings, when the leaves grow to 2-3 pieces, transplant them in a nursery pot, apply fertilizer 1-2 times, and transplant them when the leaves grow to 5-7 pieces.

Mimosa

It can be sown in spring and autumn, usually in late March to early April . Sow the seeds in 35 ℃ warm water for 24 hours before sowing. Sow in shallow pots and holes. At 15-20 ℃ , the seeds will emerge after 7-10 days (usually they will grow as soon as they are put into the soil, and no special management is required). The seedlings grow slowly and can be transplanted when they are 7-8 cm .

　　There are no special requirements for maintenance and management. It is cultivated in general soil. It does not require much fertilizer during the growth period. Applying diluted liquid fertilizer 2-3 times is enough. Fertilizer should not be too much. It is enough to grow green leaves and strong. Do not let it grow too long. Because Mimosa is mainly an interesting foliage flower, it is better to be small.

The planting technology of Mimosa is simple and the management is extensive. It is not strict on climate, sunlight and soil , but fertile and loose sandy loam is preferred, and it likes a warm and humid environment.

Petunia

Under the conditions of protected land in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, petunia can be sown and raised all year round. Since the flowering period is generally controlled on May Day and National Day, the sowing time is October-November in autumn and June-July in spring . Before sowing, install the medium and water it thoroughly. After sowing, spray the seeds with fine spray to moisten them. The seeds cannot be covered with any medium, otherwise it will affect germination. After sowing, keep the medium temperature at 22-24 ℃ and the seedlings will emerge in 4-7 days. After the first pair of true leaves appear, apply 50×10-6 concentration of nitrogen fertilizer liquid, and pay attention to ventilation. The seedlings can also gradually see the light. When the seedlings have 2-3 pairs of true leaves, the medium temperature can be reduced to 18-20 ℃ . Every 7-10 days, apply 0.1% urea solution or 0.1% compound fertilizer solution of 15-15-15 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium . At this stage, attention should still be paid to ventilation to prevent diseases. Spray 800-1000 times of thiophanate-methyl or methyl thiophanate every week or so . When the plant has three pairs of true leaves, the root system is fully formed. The temperature, humidity and fertilization requirements remain the same as before, and attention should still be paid to ventilation and disease prevention.

California Poppy

Generally, autumn sowing is adopted. Since the seeds are relatively small, the sowing method is usually adopted. In central and southern China, it can be sown directly in the open-air seedbed in autumn. In North China, it can be sown indoors in early spring. Generally, pot sowing is adopted. After sowing, the temperature is maintained at 15 to 20 ℃ and the pot soil is kept moist. If the pot soil becomes dry, spray water with a fine spray bottle or use the " pot immersion method " to meet the water supply. It is not suitable for transplanting. However, there are also open-field seedlings that are transplanted and planted with soil in December .

　　Cultivation and management: California poppy is relatively cold-resistant and likes sunlight. It requires loose, fertile, well-drained sandy soil.

It is advisable to use well-rotted compost as base fertilizer for the planting site. Ensure sufficient fertilizer and water supply during the seedling stage, and apply thin fertilizers frequently. Nitrogen fertilizers are more important during the growth period, while phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added during the bud formation and flowering period, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizers should be appropriately reduced. The roots of California poppies are fleshy and afraid of waterlogging. In rainy seasons, the area around the root neck is prone to blackening and rot. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to timely drainage in summer for open-field cultivation; potted plants should be watered in moderation. During the peak growth season and before flowering, watering should not be too much, and well-rotted thin cake fertilizer water should be applied once a month to ensure good plant growth. California poppies need to be brought with soil when transplanting and planting, and the general spacing between plants should be kept at 40cm .

Satin Flower

　　It likes warmth and is not cold-resistant. It needs to be protected in the winter in areas north of the Yangtze River. It avoids heat. It likes a habitat with plenty of sunshine, loose soil and good drainage. Under good environmental conditions, it can self-sow and reproduce. The flowers open on sunny days or around 9 am and gradually close in the afternoon.

Sowing in autumn and early spring, suitable temperature for germination: 20 ℃ - 25 ℃ , choose fertile and loose soil for sowing, cover with thin soil after sowing, pay attention to moisture retention, germination in 7-8 days, transplanting or thinning seedlings should be done before winter. Seedlings can also be raised in greenhouses in early spring, but the flowering period will be postponed accordingly.

Suitable temperature for growth: 18 ℃ - 28 ℃ , transplant in spring, plant spacing 25*30cm . It needs plenty of sunlight and good drainage. Fertilize once every 15-20 days after survival, including during the flowering period, and trim the remaining flowers in time to promote the growth of new flowers.

　　Seedlings are grown from March to August . Soak in warm water for 4-6 hours before sowing. Cover with 0.5cm of soil .

Purple Coneflower

Sowing is done from January to May . If the seedlings are to be vernalized, it should be done in advance from August to October of the previous year . ' Primdona ' seeds do not need to be vernalized, but the seeds that have been vernalized can bloom earlier and the uniformity of the flowers will also be improved. Germination can be achieved 10 to 14 days after sowing. During this period, sufficient light should be maintained, the temperature should be stable at 20 to 22 ℃, and the substrate should be kept moist but not waterlogged. After that, the cultivation temperature should be lowered to 15 to 18 ℃, and nitrogen fertilizer with a concentration of 50 to 100 ppm should be applied weekly . Transplanting should be carried out when the third pair of true leaves grow out, and the temperature should be lowered to 10 to 12 ℃ to promote root growth. At this time, a calcium nitrate solution with a concentration of 100 to 200 ppm should be used weekly . The pH value of the culture medium should be maintained between 5.5 and 7.0 .

It usually takes 4-5 months for the seedlings to bloom after transplanting from the 　　plug tray . The vase period for cut flowers is 7-12 days .

Shell Flower

It can be propagated by sowing in spring, summer and autumn. The suitable temperature for sowing is 15-25 ℃ . It will germinate in about a week . It can be transplanted when there are 5-6 true leaves. Fertile, loose and well-drained loam is preferred for cultivation. The soil should not be too sticky, otherwise the plants will not grow and will grow slowly. Fertilize once every half a month after transplanting, and stop fertilizing after flowering. To promote branching, pinch the tops of the plants.

It grows vigorously and rarely has diseases and insect pests, but be careful of the damage caused by leaf miners. For ornamental purposes, it can be sown in stages and proportions.

Basil

Sowing should be carried out in mid-to-late April . Put the seeds in a container and pour a little cold water to soak the seeds. After about 3-5 minutes , when the seed surface is soaked and absorbs some water, slowly pour hot water into the container, stirring with a wooden stick while pouring to make the seeds evenly heated. When the water temperature in the container rises to 50-55 ℃ , you can stop heating the water; when the temperature drops, add some hot water to keep the water temperature at the required temperature for 15-20 minutes , and then naturally cool to about 25 ℃, and continue soaking the seeds. The soaking time is based on the seeds just saturated with water. After soaking basil seeds for 7-8 hours , a layer of mucus usually appears on the surface of the seeds, which is easy to mold during the germination process, resulting in rotten seeds. Therefore, after soaking, the seeds should be rinsed repeatedly with clean water and scrubbed vigorously until the mucus on the surface of the seeds is removed. The seeds should be placed in a gauze bag, the water should be shaken off, and the seeds should be covered with a wet towel or gauze to keep warm and moisturized. The seeds should be germinated at a temperature of about 25 ℃. During the germination process, the seeds should be rinsed with clean water once a day and cleaned. When the buds are about to emerge ( the seeds are about to open their mouths ) , the temperature should be lowered by 3-5 ℃ to make the buds thick and neat. After the buds emerge, if there is special weather, the buds can be moved to a place with a temperature of 5-10 ℃ to control the growth of the buds and wait for sowing.

Sowing should be done on a sunny morning. Put the nutrient soil into the sowing tray, water it thoroughly with hot or warm water, and after the water seeps in, sprinkle a layer of medicinal soil. Sow the germinated seeds evenly in the tray, cover them with 1 cm thick medicinal soil, and cover with plastic film to keep warm and moist.

Zinnia

Annual herb, strong, likes warmth, not cold-resistant, likes light, and is relatively drought-resistant. Mainly propagated by seeds, the suitable temperature for germination is 20-2 5C , germination in 7-10 days, and the germination rate is 60 %. It blooms about 70 days after sowing. Transplant seedlings when there are 2-3 true leaves , pinch the top when there are 4-5 leaves, and can be transplanted after 2-3 transplants. In North China, it is mostly sown in the open field in mid-to-late April , and germinates in about a week. Transplant or thin out seedlings when there are 2-3 true leaves. Short-stemmed potted plants should be pinched repeatedly to promote the growth of side branches and form plump clusters. Flowers for the May Day Festival can be sown indoors in early February , and potted seedlings can be transplanted into pots in late March , and removed from pots and planted in late April. Topdressing is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers .

Small Lily Flower

It takes about 2 and a half months from sowing to flowering . To adjust the flowering period, sowing can be done in stages, so that as long as the temperature is suitable, it can bloom all year round. In the northern region, sowing in a warm place indoors in early February, flowers can be seen on May Day. Sowing in the open field in early July , flowers will bloom around National Day. The dahlia is a flower of the same genus as the dahlia. Its characteristics are similar to those of the dahlia, but the plant is short, about 20 cm to 40 cm tall, with many branches and flower heads, mostly single-petal small and medium-sized flowers. Each plant can have several flowers, which bloom at the same time. The dahlia likes a warm and cool climate and sunshine.

　　 Sowing, lightly cover with soil about 0.3 cm, suitable temperature for germination: 15-20 ℃ , maintain humidity and sunshine about 70% , germinate after 6-8 days, and plant after two leaves appear. Suitable temperature for growth: 18-25 ℃ , transplant when there are 5-7 leaves , and bring the original soil when transplanting seedlings to avoid damaging the tubers for survival. Plant spacing 20-30cm . Management : Small lily likes warm and cool climate and sunshine. Avoid heavy clay soil, loose and fertile sandy loam is suitable. It has strong adaptability and can grow well under high temperature conditions in summer. Fertile sandy loam is the best soil for cultivation, drainage and sunshine are required, potted plants should avoid water accumulation, otherwise the bulbs are easy to rot. Reasonable watering and fertilization should be applied during the growth period, and sufficient light should be given to make it grow strong and flourish. Water once a day in summer and once every 3-5 days in winter. Apply compound fertilizer during the growing period.

Verbena

Germination temperature: about 20 degrees, suitable temperature for growth: 20-25 degrees. Soak the seeds in advance for 1-2 hours, so that they can germinate easily after sowing, and keep them cool. If the temperature is too high , the germination will be uneven . Use a seedling or seedling pot, and cover the seeds with fine sand after sowing. Maintain humidity, and the seedlings will emerge in 5-6 days. Choose fertile, loose, and well-drained soil. 5-6 seedlings can be transplanted, and they are planted with a spacing of 15CM per row. Fertilize once every half a month and water when the soil is dry and wet. Opposite with short stalks and serrated edges; spike inflorescences are terminal, and most of the small flowers are densely arranged in an umbrella shape; the corolla is funnel-shaped and slightly fragrant; the flowering period is long, and it blooms from April to before the frost, one after another. Verbena likes sunshine, is not shade-tolerant, is relatively cold-resistant, and is not drought-tolerant. It is mostly cultivated as an annual herb in the north. It can bloom normally in hot summers and can overwinter in the open air in warmer climates such as Shanghai.

Blue sage

Seeds are sown directly, 3-5 seeds per hole, and seedlings need to be thinned out when the plant height is 5-10 cm . The spacing is 20-30 cm . After the plant matures, it can be thinned out again to increase the distance and grow more vigorously . Sow in spring, autumn and summer, do not cover the soil after sowing, germinate in 20-25 days, pinch once after planting, and the flowering period is from May to October

It likes warm, humid and sunny environment, is cold-resistant, and is afraid of heat and dryness. It grows in loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam.

poppy

Germination temperature is 18-20℃ , lightly covered, number of days required for germination: 7-12 days, suitable temperature for growth (day temperature /night temperature) : 10-13℃ , light requirement for growth and other growth conditions: full sun, time required from sowing to flowering (or harvesting) : 10-11 weeks, ground planting height ( cm) : 38cm germination time: 7-14 days , flowering period : flowering 3-4 months after sowing .

sunflower

Sunflowers are sown in spring, the suitable temperature for sowing is: 18 ~ 25℃ , germination time: 5 ~ 7 days, sowing method: spot sowing, covering with about 1cm of soil, and flowering about 50 to 80 days after sowing , with slight differences due to different varieties.

Impatiens camellia

Impatiens prefers sunny locations and loose, fertile soil, and can also grow in relatively poor soil.

Sowing is done from March to September , with April being the most suitable time for sowing. Transplanting can be done at any time. The growing season is from April to September , and the seeds will generally germinate and grow leaves in about a week after being sown in the pot.

　　When they grow to about 8cm , keep 1-3 plants in each pot.

Pinch off the top when the plant 　　grows to 20-30 cm . After transplanting, top the main stem of the plant to enhance its branching ability and make the plant fuller.

　　After 5 leaves appear, apply decomposed thin human manure and urine once every half a month, and apply phosphorus fertilizer and wood ash once before and after bud formation .

　　Cut off the flower stalks after the flowers bloom to prevent them from forming seeds, so that the flowers will bloom more abundantly; pick off the flowers at the base at any time, which will encourage the tops of the branches to bloom successively, but it is prone to variation.

　　It can bloom in early to mid- June , and the flowering period can last for more than two months. Before sowing, the seedbed should be watered thoroughly to keep it moist . The seeds of Impatiens are relatively small, so water should not be poured immediately after sowing to avoid washing the seeds away. Then cover with a thin layer of soil about 3-4 mm, pay attention to shade, and the seedlings will emerge in about 10 days. When the seedlings grow 2-3 leaves, they should be transplanted, and then gradually planted or potted for cultivation.

　　Germination can also be grown in a greenhouse , but hardening must be done at night before permanent planting outside.

Treasure Gourd

In the south , it can be sown from late March to mid- May . In the north, it can be sown in the open field from late April to early and mid- May , and covered with 2-4 cm of soil. Keep the soil surface moist, and the seedlings will emerge in more than ten days . Soak the seeds in warm water with a new lipid film for 20 minutes, so that the seeds can germinate in advance . When 4 true leaves grow, they can be transplanted to the open field. Transplantation management: Choose a fertile, sunny, and well-drained place, apply enough basal fertilizer, deep plowing appropriately, plant one plant with a spacing of about 50 cm between rows , water it, and fertilize it in time after it survives, 1-2 times a month. At the same time, build a trellis in time to facilitate climbing. The skin of the young fruit has sticky hairs, and it stops growing when it is touched. This feature can be used to produce uniform gourds .

Sulfur chrysanthemum

The flowering period for spring sowing is from June to August , and the flowering period for summer sowing is from September to October .

　　Growth habit: Strong and easy to cultivate. Prefers plenty of sunlight and is not cold-resistant. Native to Mexico, it grows naturally in areas below 1,600 meters above sea level.

Reproduction and cultivation: Sowing and cuttings are commonly used for propagation. Sowing , spring sowing in April , germination 8-10 days after sowing , germination is fast and uniform. Cuttings , use young branches as cuttings in early summer , and roots can be taken after 15-20 days. Pay attention to timely seedling after sowing , pinch the top when the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves , and move forward to transplant or potted. Fertilize once every half a month during the growth period , but it should not be excessive , otherwise the branches and leaves will grow too long and affect flowering. After the plant grows tall , set up a support to prevent lodging. The seeds mature gradually and fall off easily , so they need to be harvested in time.

Delphinium

Most seeds are sown in March to April or September , and the optimum temperature for germination is about 15 ℃. Autumn sowing is in late August to early September , first sowed in open-field seedbeds , and then placed in cold beds or cold rooms for overwintering before winter, and transplanted in spring. In the south, direct sowing is done in the open field in early spring, and the spacing between seedlings is kept at 25-50 cm . In the north, seedlings are generally raised in advance, and transplanted in April , transplanted when there are 2-4 true leaves , and transplanted when there are 4-7 true leaves. Pay attention to drainage on rainy days. Apply sufficient basal fertilizer before planting, and topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer. Old plants have weak growth and need to be transplanted once every 2-3 years . The plants are tall and easy to fall over or bend, and need to be supported and fixed.

Silver Edge Jade

Sowing: Spring sowing is generally carried out from late March to mid- April . Sow the seeds directly in the open field seedbed or pot sowing. Make the seedbed fine, rake and level, water it sufficiently, and then evenly sow the seeds in the seedbed . After covering the soil, cover it with plastic film to keep warm and moisturize. Keep the temperature at around 20°C , and it will germinate in about 1 week. Do not water the pot directly for pot sowing, but use the water drying method. After sowing, place the pot in a sunny place. The seeds have the ability to self-sow and reproduce .

Kochia

Sowing propagation, spring sowing, preferably direct seeding. Sow the seeds in the open field seedbed in early April , and germinate quickly and evenly. After thinning, plant the seeds at a spacing of 50cm .

pyrethrum

Pyrethrum prefers dryness and is suitable for neutral or slightly alkaline sandy loam with good drainage. It is not suitable for continuous cropping. It is propagated by seeds. It likes sunlight and cool climate, has strong adaptability, and is usually propagated by sowing and division. There are no special requirements, and it can be used in spring and autumn.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Mirabilis jalapa

Mirabilis jalapa is propagated by spring sowing of seeds, and can also be self-sown. It is advisable to sow and raise seedlings in March and April . The suitable temperature for germination is 15 ℃ to 20 ℃, and it will germinate in seven or eight days. When the seedlings grow 2-4 leaves, they should be transplanted, and the spacing between plants should be 50-80 cm. Pay attention to shade after transplanting. Mirabilis jalapa is easy to manage and easy to grow. Pay attention to proper fertilization and watering. Because it is a deep-rooted flower, it is not advisable to sow in an open-air seedbed and then transplant. If conditions permit, it can be sown in a cylindrical pot with an inner diameter of 10 cm in advance, and the pot can be removed and transplanted after the seedlings are mature. Mirabilis jalapa is a wind-pollinated flower, and different varieties are very easy to hybridize. If you want to maintain the characteristics of the variety, you should isolate and cultivate it.

Cleome

Reproduction: It can reproduce by self-seeding. Sow in March-April, and germinate in 10-14 days. The seedlings grow slowly, so pay attention to weeding and thinning. When they grow to 5-6 cm in height, they can be planted.

Fertilizer: Apply thin fertilizer once at the initial planting. Control fertilization in the middle growth period to keep the plant shape moderate and beautiful.

　　Soil: No special soil is required, but well-drained sandy soil with humus is best.

　　Temperature: likes warmth, can tolerate heat, not cold. Summer is the growing season, and the plant will die in case of frost.

　　Light: Prefers sunlight, slightly tolerant of partial shade.

　　Plover

The suitable temperature for germination is 13~16℃ , and the germination days are 14~20 days. Cover after sowing. You can sow outdoors after March . After loosening the soil and watering the ground, sow the seeds and cover them with about 1 cm of soil. Keep them moisturized until germination.

Cultivation: The growth temperature is 5~25℃ . It is not resistant to transplantation and direct seeding is better. After the seedlings are grown, they should be planted at a spacing of 15 cm. The cultivation site needs good light, ventilation and fertile soil.

Corn peas

Sweet peas are propagated by sowing, which can be done in spring and autumn. In North China, autumn sowing is mostly done in August and September . The seeds are hard. Soak them in 40° C warm water for a day and night before sowing . They germinate evenly and are then planted in a greenhouse . They can also be sown directly in pots in the greenhouse from September to October . The pot diameter is 10-13cm , and 3-5 seeds are sown on a spot. After the seedlings emerge, thin out the seedlings and leave one strong seedling. Sweet peas are not tolerant to transplantation. They are mostly sown directly or in pots. When they grow into seedlings, they are removed from the pots and transplanted to avoid root damage. The suitable temperature for germination is around 2OC .

Forget-me-not

Seedlings are sown in autumn, and the optimum temperature for seed germination is 20 degrees. It can also be sown in spring, but the flowering period will be delayed and shortened. During the growth period, division and cutting propagation can also be carried out. After thinning and transplanting the seedlings, they are planted in the garden in early November with a spacing of 30 cm . The following spring, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to promote bud formation and flowering. The forget-me-not flower is small and beautiful, with blue petals and yellow stamens, and the colors are harmonious and eye-catching. The flowering period is from May to July .

Mint

Spring sowing and summer flowering, sowing in March to April in spring , germination in 2 to 3 weeks. Summer sowing in late May to early June , autumn sowing in late August to early September . Perennial herb with fragrance and cool taste, blue flowers. Prefer warm climate, relatively resistant to high temperature, also relatively resistant to low temperature, sowing period is spring or autumn.