How to cultivate and manage kumquat ?

    Kumquat, also known as golden jujube, kumquat, milk kumquat, and goat milk orange, is an evergreen shrub of the aromatic family. The crown is spherical, the branches are dense, the leaves are oval or lanceolate, the color is green and thick, the fruit can be eaten raw and made into candied fruit, and it is generally cultivated as a fruit tree. Because it is suitable for potted plants, it blooms small white flowers in early June and can bloom 3-4 times in a year. The fruit is called " Fuguo " , which is golden yellow or red, the size of a jujube, and has a fresh fragrance. It blooms autumn flowers and autumn fruits in July and August . The fruit matures in November and is oval or milk-shaped. The fruit hangs for a long time, the leaves are green, and the shape is beautiful. The fruit does not fall after winter, so it is often made into bonsai for indoor decoration and viewing. The skin and flesh of kumquat can be eaten together, and the taste is sweet, fragrant and sour, and the mouth is full of fragrance. Its fruit and leaves can be used to make tea, which has the medicinal effect of resolving phlegm and relieving gas.

　　Kumquat is native to China and is now cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Fujian, and Hunan. Potted kumquats have clusters of green leaves and numerous red or yellow fruits after winter, which are dazzling and fragrant. Placing a pot on the desk in front of the window will make the room lively and interesting.

　　Kumquat likes sunshine and grows in fertile, loose, slightly acidic, well-drained sandy soil. It is relatively cold-resistant and can withstand temperatures as low as -2-3 °C. Potted kumquats should be moved outdoors in early April ( after Qingming Festival ) and then pruned. According to the principle of " light pruning of strong branches and heavy pruning of weak branches " , overlapping branches, dead branches, cross branches and diseased and insect-infested branches should be cut off to save nutrients, ventilate and transmit light, promote the growth of new branches, make the branches and leaves moderately dense, and make the tree shape beautiful and symmetrical. In early May , when the plant begins to sprout leaves and branches, it is advisable to apply thin liquid fertilizer every 10-12 days, which is relatively thin at first and gradually thickened. By early June , when the flowers and leaves are lush, the consumption of water and fertilizer is large, that is, fertilizer and water should be applied frequently, and the plants should be pinched to concentrate nutrients to promote flowering and fruit preservation.

　　Potted kumquats should be consciously cultivated to produce more autumn fruits for appreciation during the Spring Festival. Apply sufficient fertilizer before autumn flowering in July and August to increase the fruit setting rate. When the flowers are in full bloom, water and fertilizer should be slightly reduced. When the fruits grow to the size of beads, apply more fertilizer. If the plant does not grow vigorously, foliar fertilization must be applied, and liquid fertilizer should be stopped in winter.

　　How to make potted kumquats bear more fruits ?

　　To grow kumquats well and get an abundance of golden fruits during the Spring Festival, you must master the following key steps:

　　(1) Reasonable pruning. After the spring, the temperature rises and kumquats grow faster, so pruning is necessary. That is, according to the need to leave branches for a round crown, select 3-5 main branches to be left on the main trunk, and cut off the other redundant main trunks at the base. Then, according to the strength of the remaining main trunk, cut them short. Strong branches can be cut with 4-5 buds; weak branches can be cut with 2-3 buds. In this way, the growth of branches can be adjusted, and each main branch can be encouraged to produce more strong spring shoots, laying a material foundation for flowering. After two months of growth, the new shoots are roughly even. In order to control its excessive growth, a second pruning is required. However, the amount of pruning can be reduced, with pruning as the main method. In the future, the new shoots should be pinched every time there are 8 to 10 leaves. The purpose is to induce a large number of summer shoots in order to produce more flowers and fruits. The time for the last pinching should be determined when all the summer shoots can form buds.

　　( 2) Reasonable fertilization and " withholding water " . Kumquat grows best in fertile, loose, acidic sandy loam. When potting, it is advisable to use a mixture of 4 parts leaf mold, 5 parts sandy soil, and 1 part cake fertilizer. After the first pruning, apply decomposed organic fertilizer ( such as human feces, green manure, bean cake, fish fertilizer, etc. ) , and then apply it again every 10 days. At this time, the temperature is suitable, and there is sufficient fertilizer and water, which is conducive to the growth of more spring shoots. When the new shoots have all grown and the tops have been pinched, it is necessary to force the application of quick-acting phosphorus fertilizer ( potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate ) to promote the formation of flower buds. The key to the formation of flower buds is to ensure that the nutrients stored in kumquats are not consumed on excessive growth of branches and leaves, but are concentrated on the reproductive development of flower bud differentiation. " Withholding water " can also promote flower bud differentiation. As the saying goes: " dry flowers and wet fruits " , it means that during the flower bud differentiation period, water should be applied in moderation. This is " withholding water " . In flower cultivation, the method of withholding water is often used to inhibit plant growth and promote flower bud differentiation. Specifically, more than ten days before the beginning of summer heat, the amount of watering for kumquats should be gradually reduced to control the excessive growth of summer shoots and facilitate the formation of flower buds. Watering should be stopped about 5 days before the beginning of summer heat. After 3-4 days of exposure to the scorching sun, the tender leaves on the upper part of the kumquats wilt slightly and droop, and the pot soil is dry and grayish white. However, in order to prevent the slightly wilted leaves from being overly dehydrated, a small amount of water should be sprayed on the leaves every morning and evening, and a little water can be poured into the pot at noon; when the main buds and preparatory buds of the kumquats swell and turn from green to white, it means that the differentiation of flower buds has been completed. At this time, it is necessary to resume watering in time and apply thin fertilizer, and they will bloom one after another soon.

　　(3) Preserving flowers and fruits and promoting yellowing. Potted kumquats often have flower and fruit drop phenomena. If there is a lot of rain during the flowering period, water is over-controlled, or fertilizer and water are insufficient when new shoots are emerging, as well as high temperature, it is easy to cause flower and fruit drop. Therefore, good management and control work should be done during the fruiting period. Before and after flowering, in addition to proper fertilizer and water management, water should be sprayed on the leaves in the morning and evening to cool down. If new shoots are found, they should be removed in time. During flowering, flowers should be thinned appropriately to save nutrients. After the flowers fade, 0.3% to 0.4% urea or 0.3% compound fertilizer can be sprayed , and 15ppm of 2,4 - D can be added . This has a significant effect on fruit preservation of potted kumquats. After the young fruits are born, when the young fruits grow to 1 cm in size, they should be thinned out. Generally, 2 to 3 fruits should be left on each branch. Sometimes 2 to 3 young fruits are born in the same leaf axil , but only one can be selected and the fruits should be evenly distributed throughout the plant. In the future, the autumn shoots should be pruned off in time to prevent secondary fruiting, so as to facilitate the good development of the fruit - the fruit size and maturity are consistent, thus improving the ornamental value.

　　Under normal circumstances, the fruit gradually turns yellow after the beginning of winter. To match the viewing time during the Spring Festival, if the fruit matures early, shade and nitrogen fertilizer ( 0.4 % urea ) can be used to delay the maturity period. If the fruit matures late and does not turn yellow before the Spring Festival, 1500ppm ethephon can be applied to the fruit 25 days before the scheduled maturity , or 20-50ppm gibberellin can be sprayed , both of which have significant effects.

How to cultivate Osmanthus fragrans

                       Murraya paniculata, also known as Thousand-mile Fragrant Osmanthus and Moon Orange, is an evergreen shrub of the Rutaceae family Murraya paniculata, which can sometimes grow into a small tree. The potted plant is 1 to 2 meters tall, with many branches, growing upright. The bark is gray or light brown, often with longitudinal cracks. The odd-pinnate compound leaves are alternate, with 3 to 9 leaflets , alternate, ovate, spoon-shaped ovate or nearly rhombus, entire, dark green and shiny. The inflorescence is corymbose, the flowers are white, with a diameter of about 4 cm, and the flowering period is from July to October . The plant has a beautiful posture, beautiful branches and leaves, and a strong fragrance. It is a fragrant flower plant that is deeply loved by people.

Aliases: Moon orange, Qianlixiang, Jiushuxiang, Jiuqiuxiang, Qilixiang, Wanlixiang, Guoshanxiang, Huangjingui, Qianzhiyan Origin:
Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other places in China, tropical and subtropical regions of Asia

Flowering period: July-October .

Soil:    Apply sufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in pots in April and May . It is advisable to choose sandy soil rich in humus, loose and fertile. For newly planted or repotted Murraya odorifera, water thoroughly, place it in a shaded place for about 10 days, and then place it in a sunny and well-ventilated place for cultivation. Enhance ventilation and drainage. Repot and change the soil once around Qingming Festival every year, and cut off dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, cut off long branches, cut off overgrown branches, and thin out overcrowded branches. Water: It likes humid climate and is slightly resistant to drought. Watering should be done when the soil is dry and wet. Do not accumulate water in the pot. In case of continuous rainfall, the pot should be turned down or placed in a place to shelter from the rain. If watering is too much, it often causes root rot. For example, the leaves curl up and lose their luster. This is a signal of root rot. In the hot summer season, watering should not be too much, and water should not accumulate. Water should be sprayed on the branches and leaves frequently. Water should be properly controlled before bud formation to promote the differentiation of flower buds. After bud formation and during the flowering and fruiting period, the pot soil should be slightly moist but not waterlogged. In northern areas, potted Murraya osmanthus is prone to abnormal yellowing and falling leaves in winter , which is mainly caused by the soil being too dry or too wet , and is also related to factors such as poor indoor air circulation, too dry or stuffy environment, etc. Therefore, the soil should be kept moist in winter to ensure that it is neither dry nor wet, the indoor air should be kept circulating, and the room temperature should be controlled above 5 ℃. The number of leaf spraying should be appropriately increased, but the water temperature for spraying in winter should be kept consistent with the soil temperature and room temperature . Avoid using cold water and do not be careless.
  

When fertilizing and   planting, a few pieces of animal hoof horns should be placed at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer. In addition to applying base fertilizer when planting, it is advisable to mix some bone meal or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer into the culture soil when potting or repotting. During the growth period, apply decomposed organic liquid fertilizer once a month . Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer alone, otherwise the branches and leaves will grow too long and infertile buds. In April to June, to promote the differentiation of flower buds, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves once a month , and the remaining spray can be irrigated on the roots. Because Murraya odorifera is native to the south and likes slightly acidic soil, it is best to apply " alum fertilizer water " twice a year . But do not fertilize during the winter dormancy period. If cultivating young trees, the fertilizer water can be appropriately larger to promote their accelerated growth and development; reach the height and thickness required for shaping as soon as possible.

Temperature and light: It likes plenty of sunshine, but also tolerates partial shade. It likes warmth. The most suitable temperature for growth is 20-32℃ . It is not cold-resistant. When the lowest temperature drops to about 5 ℃ in winter, it should be moved to a low-temperature ( 5-10 ℃ ) room to overwinter. It is not conducive to training its cold resistance too early. If the room temperature is too low, it is easy to drop leaves, which will affect the growth of the following year. If it is below 0 ℃ , it may freeze to death. If the room temperature is too high, the plant cannot dormant well, and even sprouts indoors. When it is out of the room, the cold wind blows and the buds shrink again. When new buds are sprouted again, it will affect the growth of the year. If the room temperature is too high in winter, it will consume the nutrients of the plant, which is not conducive to the growth and flowering of the following year. Avoid direct sunlight during the growth period , and cultivate it under sparse shade, so that the flowers of the sweet olive can be abundant and fragrant.

Murraya paniculata is a positive tree species. It should be placed in a sunny and airy place ( at least five or six hours of direct sunlight every day ) to have lush leaves and flowers and fragrance. When it blooms, it can be moved to the windowsill to fill the room with fragrance. After the flowers fade, it still needs to be placed in a sunny place. It will not grow as strong in semi-shaded places as in sunny places, and the fragrance of the flowers is also weak. If it is too shaded, the branches will be thin and soft, the leaves will be light, and there will be few or no flowers. It should be placed in a sunny place when it is brought indoors in winter.

Reproduction method

2. Cutting propagation Cutting should be carried out in spring or the rainy season from July to August . Cut branches that are more than one year old and have full tissue, medium maturity, and gray-green skin as cuttings. Tender branches grown in the same year should not be used. Cuttings are 10 to 15 cm long and have 4 to 5 nodes. The cut end should be flat and inserted obliquely into the seedbed. The seedbed can be sprinkled with a layer of clean river sand. The row spacing is 12 cm × 9 cm. Water after insertion to keep the soil in the bed moist. Spring-sown seedlings can be planted in the same year, and autumn-sown seedlings can be planted the following year.

3. Layering propagation is usually carried out in the rainy season. Part of the semi-aged branches is ring-peeled or cut and buried in the soil. Wait for it to take root and sprout. It can be planted after being cut off in late autumn or the following spring.

              Jasmine

The soil  should be fertile, loose, and well-drained slightly acidic soil. Planting in slightly acidic soil with a pH value of 6 to 6.5 will result in dense roots and vigorous growth. You can add 4 2 parts of leaf mold and 2 parts of fully decomposed poultry manure are appropriate. . It likes soil rich in humus. To make it drain well, you can pad more drainage materials (such as gravel, tiles, ceramsite, etc.) at the bottom of the pot.　　

Water: Jasmine is growing branches and leaves in   April and May , and the water consumption is not large. It can be watered once every 2-3 days , around noon, to see the moisture, and water thoroughly; May to June is the spring flowering period of jasmine, and watering can be slightly more; June to August in midsummer is a hot climate, which is the peak flowering period when jasmine grows fast and the evaporation of the leaves is also accelerated. The sunshine is strong and water is needed. It should be watered twice a day on hot and sunny days in summer, once in the morning and once in the evening. If the leaves are found to be curled, water should be sprayed on the leaves. Water can be watered once in the morning and evening to promote growth . Water should also be sprayed on the leaves and the ground around the pot during drought. Because jasmine is not drought-resistant and waterlogged, the water in the pot should be removed in time on rainy days in summer. When the temperature drops in autumn, it can be reduced to watering once every 1-2 days ; in winter, the amount of watering should be strictly controlled . If the humidity of the pot soil is too high, it is not good for wintering , otherwise the leaves are prone to yellowing.

After the  Late June Generally , starting from May, apply light bean cake water once every 7 days . During the bud formation and flowering period, thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, about once every 5 days . Stop fertilizing in October . During the rainy season, when cultivating outdoors, apply dry fertilizer instead, such as bean cake powder (loosen the soil on the surface of the pot, add bean cake powder, and cover it with soil). You can also combine repotting and apply sufficient basal fertilizer every 2 years. In addition, jasmine likes acidic soil. Apply 0.2% ferrous sulfate water every 10 days during the growing season to keep the soil acidic. Proper water control of jasmine is the key to cultivation: if the pot soil is too wet, the roots and leaves will rot and even die. Apply more organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the peak growth period, such as peanut cake powder, bone meal, superphosphate and multi-element flower fertilizer, twice a month. Jasmine often has lush branches and leaves but no flowers during the summer growing season. The main reason is that too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, which causes the branches and leaves to grow too long. In this case, you should control the fertilizer and water, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and promote the formation of flower buds. At the same time, pay attention to moving the jasmine to a sunny and well-ventilated place. Spray the leaves with August . From early SeptemberDuring the growth period, 0.2% black alum water or fermented dilute alum fertilizer water should be poured once every 10-15 days . Fermented fishy water (all the scraps water after slaughtering fish are added with an appropriate amount of black alum for fermentation) can also be used, which has a very good effect. The amount of fertilizer required during the flowering period is large, and it needs to be fertilized 1-2 times a week. The fertilizer should not be too concentrated, otherwise it will easily cause root rot. Before watering, use a small shovel to loosen the potting soil slightly before watering. Do not fertilize when the potting soil is too dry or too wet. Fertilizing when it is almost dry is the best. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added during flower bud differentiation and flowering to make the flower fragrance stronger. Fertilization should be reduced or stopped after autumn to facilitate wintering. Sometimes the jasmine raised at home only grows leaves but does not bloom, which is mainly caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient sunlight. At this time, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to increase the light intensity.　　

Temperature . The optimum growth temperature is１５℃to２５℃In winter, the room temperature should be kept at５℃Above.　　Jasmine likes warm climate, is not cold-resistant, and cannot withstand low temperature freezing. It will be harmed by low temperature of 3 degrees or slight frost. When the monthly average temperature is 9 degrees, most of the leaves fall off, but the branches are green and begin to hibernate. It can be placed in a room with a temperature above 10 degrees to overwinter in winter. 25-35 degrees is the most suitable growth temperature. When the temperature is above 20 degrees, it begins to bud and bloom one after another. When the temperature is above 30 degrees, the development and formation of flower buds are greatly accelerated, and the fragrance of the flowers is stronger. It likes warm and humid weather, is afraid of cold and drought , and is not frost-resistant. Insulate and prevent wind in season Jasmine is afraid of cold. Before the frost falls, bring it indoors and place it in a sunny place ,

" Jasmine can't be killed by the sun , and pearl orchid can't be killed by the shade . " Jasmine is a strong sun-loving flower, prefers strong light, prefers light and is slightly shade-tolerant. Insufficient light will cause the leaves to become larger and thinner, the leaf color to become lighter, and the number and quality of flowers will be affected. Therefore, it is generally not suitable for indoor cultivation at home, mainly because of insufficient indoor light, which makes cultivation difficult. In the hot and humid summer, with strong light, the flowers will be the most numerous and the most fragrant ; if there is insufficient light, the plants will grow thin and weak, with long internodes. 1 a saying that " jasmine can't be killed by the sun " 

Pruning : Jasmine grows very fast in summer, so it is necessary to prune it in time. When pruning potted jasmine, keep 10 cm to 15 cm at the base to promote the growth of many strong new shoots. If the new shoots grow very vigorously, they should be pinched when they grow to 10 cm to promote the growth of secondary shoots, so that there are more flowers and the plant shape is compact. After the flowers wither, the flower branches should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption, and it can also promote the growth of new shoots, making the branches dense, buds and flowers more. In spring, prune and shape it in conjunction with repotting, thin out the thin and weak branches, and leave 4 pairs of leaves on each branch to shorten it to facilitate growth, bud formation and flowering . After the full bloom, it should be heavily pruned to promote new branches and make the plant grow strong .

Propagation     1. Cuttings: Take early spring sprouts, strong, about 100 cm long in early to mid- May .8 cmThe young branches, pay attention to the lower end with2 cmRemove the lower leaves from the old stem and leave only 1-2 pairs of leaves at the top.0.2 cm, and then cut the cuttings into loose substrates, press slightly to make the cuttings close to the substrate, water thoroughly, and place in a shaded and ventilated place. After that, keep the pot soil moist, and it will take about three weeks to take root. Then start applying a relatively dilute liquid fertilizer, and expose it to light at the same time. It can be transplanted and cultivated after 2 months.

    2. Layering: In spring, select healthy branches, ring-bark them 18 cm below the top, with a width of about 0.5 cm. Be careful not to hurt the wood, peel off the skin, then bend it into the flower pot, fix it with bamboo sticks or other objects, bury the ring-bark in the soil, keep it moist, or wrap the ring-bark with wet soil, and then wrap it with film. It will take about 2 months for roots to grow. After rooting, separate it from the mother plant and cultivate it as a new plant.

Jasmine planting technology

　1. Jasmine likes warmth and is afraid of frost ; 2. Jasmine likes light and is afraid of shade; 3. Jasmine likes moisture and is afraid of waterlogging ; 4. Jasmine likes fertility and is afraid of barrenness ; 5. Jasmine likes looseness and is afraid of hardening. 6. Jasmine likes slightly acidic or neutral soil and is afraid of alkaline soil ; when each batch of flower buds has just grown to the size of mung beans, but when one flower bud is

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　white, water can be withheld. When the tender leaves and flower buds droop due to lack of water, water can be applied, so that the flowers can gather and the inflorescence shape can be beautiful. Common pests and diseases mainly include red spiders, aphids and other pests, especially red spiders in spring, which often make the leaves turn yellow and white and gradually fall off. Families can use tobacco leaves or cigarettes to spray tobacco water, which can not only have an insecticidal effect, but also ensure the indoor environmental hygiene . early Juneb

 How to Make Potted Lemons Bear Good Fruit

To make potted lemons bear more fruit, you need to pay attention to the following nine aspects:

    1. Repotting and changing soil: Potted lemons must be repotted and changed soil in spring from March to April . If the flowerpot is too small, you can change to a suitable flowerpot. If the flowerpot is still suitable, you can replace the original pot with new soil. When repotting and changing soil, base fertilizer should be applied.

2. Spring pruning : In spring, combine repotting with spring pruning to cut off inner branches, dead branches and leaves, diseased and insect-infested roots and leaves, and overgrown branches to facilitate fruiting. 3. Reasonable fertilization : Before the lemon blooms and after it bears fruit, apply fertilizer several times . Apply multi-element flower fertilizer once a month and spray flower nutrient solution once every half a month to ensure that the fruit does not fall off easily and is large and bright in color. 4. Prevent leaf fall : Leaf fall affects the fruiting of lemons . To avoid leaf fall, avoid watering too much or too little in daily management. 5. Shade at noon : From the time the lemon blooms to before it bears fruit, shade should be applied after noon.
    
    
    30℃When spraying, it should be shaded for about 3 hours, otherwise it will affect the normal shape of flowers and prevent the plants from bearing fruit. 6. Artificial pollination : Artificial pollination is an important measure to bear more fruits. Pollination is best carried out in time after the petals grow open. This work should be carried out around 9 am every day for better results. 7. Prevention and control of diseases and pests: Summer and autumn are the seasons when diseases and pests are more prevalent. Prevention is more important than treatment. Spray the pesticide once every half month at 9 am and 4 pm . It is not suitable to spray in the hot sun at noon. 8. Focus on fruit protection : According to the size of the plant, keep several diseases and pests-free, vigorous and strong fruits, and remove the rest. Pick the remaining flowers as soon as they are seen to concentrate nutrients on the young fruits. 9. Correct wintering : Lemons should be placed in
    
    
    
   5℃to10℃When overwintering in a warm environment, the plant should receive sufficient light every day , and watering . The soil in the pot should often be in a slightly dry state to prevent root rot and lay a good foundation for fruiting.

Five-color flowers bred from Chinese medicine

　　In the cultivation of flowers, in addition to grafting, people also want to create a new scientific method to make flowers with single-color flowers bloom colorful flowers on the same plant during the flowering season. This method was found by Han Shuangcheng from Houzu Village, Bailiang Township, Heyang County, Shaanxi Province. In his many years of flower cultivation, he spent several years combining modern science and technology to repeatedly and extensively conduct color adjustment research and experiments on flowers. The results show that the use of several Chinese medicinal materials as color enhancers for the genetic genes of single-color flowers can make various single-color flower plants bloom more than five colors of bright flowers on the same plant at different flowering seasons. Using this technology, single-color woody and perennial flowers can also bloom flowers of various shades of colors on the same plant. The new potted flowers he cultivated with this technology are very popular with consumers in the market, and the price is 2-3 times higher than that of ordinary potted flowers, and its economic benefits are very significant.　　　　The purchase, processing and use of the main drugs are as follows: 　　　　1. When purchasing drugs, you must purchase the newly produced dried " turmeric and blood clotting " from the local drug company , and use equal amounts of each.　　　　2. First, chop the two drugs with a knife and dry them in the sun, grind them repeatedly with a small manual grinder, sieve them with an 80-120 mesh sieve, mix the obtained drug powder and save it for later use.　　 3. Based on 1000 (large grains) to 2000 (small grains) of 　　soaked seeds, weigh the drug powder



30g​, pour it into the container, add 50 ml of alcohol to the powder and mix it well. After dissolving for one hour, pour 100 ml of the wine into the container65℃of warm water and stir well to dilute the solution.50℃After 30 minutes, pour the flower seeds to be soaked into the liquid and cover the container with a wet cloth. Keep it for 28 hours.-30Soak the seeds at a high temperature until the seeds germinate. Then sow and manage them in time according to the sowing requirements and seasons of various flowers. 　　　　Fourth, you can also use drugs to bury the roots. The above amount of drugs for soaking seeds can be used for burying the roots of 2-3 roses or other perennial roots at one time. The roots are buried twice, once when the branches sprout and the perennial roots germinate, and once 10 days before the buds appear. The method is: dig up the nutrient soil at the root and rhizome, 8 in diameter
-10 　　　　Han Shuangcheng used the above method to soak the seeds of red Impatiens and other species. After cultivation, during the longer flowering season, the same plant bloomed red, pink, white, golden and light yellow flowers; ten days before the germination and budding of white chrysanthemums, the roots were buried with medicine twice, and in September, the same plant bloomed pink, white, pink and light yellow flowers; ten days before the germination and budding of yellow rose branches, the roots were buried with medicine twice, and every flowering month, rose red, bright red, golden, light yellow and white flowers bloomed simultaneously or intermittently. During the flowering period of the above flowers, some of the flowers showed color overlapping.

                                                   Bamboo bonsai appreciation

   I have three pots of bamboo at home. One is , one is , and one is Phoenix bamboo. They have been growing well, full of vitality, lush, elegant and . The following is my experience in cultivation: Growth habits: likes warmth, cold-resistant, semi-shaded and humid environment. ( Full ) Shallow roots, good at loose, fertile, well-drained sandy soil. Strong adaptability. Cultivation and management: 1. Transplantation or potting time should be around March in early spring or August to September in autumn . Young plants need to be accompanied by mud balls. You can also dig up underground whip stems and plant them with soil. In April , roots will grow and shoots will grow. 2. For medium-sized plants or above, you need to bring whip stems and mud balls, and put in dry manure as base . After planting, you need to water them enough and place them in semi-shaded places. 3. In winter, add soil to the root base and apply to add nutrition. This can promote the growth and renewal of the whip roots, and is also conducive to growing more in the future . 4. Bamboo is shade-tolerant, so potted can be placed under a curtain or tree shade in midsummer. Avoid direct sunlight to prevent the leaf tips from burning. In winter, place them in a ventilated place indoors. 5. Water requirements: The soil should be slightly dry in winter, keep it moist in spring and autumn, and can be slightly moist during high temperatures in midsummer, but avoid water accumulation to prevent root rot and leaf fall .

Bamboo shoots usually emerge from the ground from March to May , and then enter a high growth period until branches and leaves are spread. After the new bamboo shoots and leaves are spread from May to June , the bamboo shoots begin to grow, and the fastest growth is from August to September . When the bamboo shoots enter the shoot-forming period in October , the growth slows down and gradually stops. The ideal bamboo planting season should be from October to March of the following year , especially from February to March in spring and October in autumn . 

Soil :Fertilizer : It is best to apply fertilizer before it rains. After the bamboos have taken root, apply fertilizer . 0.5% 1.0% 1 2 times  , garbage fertilizer and river mud. The dosage is generally 10% 15% In the growing season, compound fertilizer or a small amount of ammonium carbonate and urea are used . Decomposed farmyard manure, cow manure, sheep manure and other organic fertilizers are applied on the surface of the nest at 20 to 30 kilograms per clump . 
Fertilization can be carried out at four different growth periods in a year : The first fertilization period is in June when the new bamboos grow up . Fertilization should be carried out with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers . Combined with loosening the soil, the decomposed organic fertilizers should be spread on the surface and deeply plowed into the soil. The second fertilization period is when the bamboo forest begins to differentiate into shoots.
In September , we apply “ germination fertilizer ” . It is better to apply quick-acting fertilizer or liquid fertilizer such as human feces. The third fertilization period is in December when the bamboo forest is in slow growth , and we apply “ bamboo shoot fertilizer ” . We mainly use organic fertilizer, such as manure and compost, to spread it directly on the surface of the bamboo forest, and then bury it deep underground when we deep plow and loosen the soil in June of the following year. The fourth fertilization period is in March before bamboo shoots emerge in the bamboo forest, and we apply “ bamboo shoot fertilizer ” . We mainly use quick-acting chemical fertilizers for fertilization. In the dormant period in winter, we can apply farmyard manure, rapeseed cake, and organic fertilizer. Water bamboo likes moisture and is afraid of stagnant water. Water management in the first year          
       
Preparation of potted materials 1.     There are many types of bamboo, some are more than several feet high, and some are only a few inches long. Their leaves are green and their posture is elegant, which is deeply loved by people. Bamboos with thin branches and small leaves are preferred for making bonsai. For example, Phoenix tail bamboo, Philippine white bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, small green bamboo, etc. are all very suitable. If they are matched with rocks, they are more interesting. To make bamboo bonsai, it is advisable to choose cultivated potted bamboo and configure shallow ornamental pots. Shallow pots help to show the beauty of bamboo clumps ; if deep pots are used, the charm is not good. Planting bamboo requires proper density and staggered arrangement; the composition is beautiful and natural, which can be fascinating.        
       Bamboo bonsais come in a variety of forms. Several green bamboos grow against rocks, which are both delicate and lovely, and a simple " bamboo and rock picture " emerges (Figure 1, "Peak Bamboos and Dry Sky" by Lin Fengshu). If bamboos grow by water, the scene is even more secluded. The breeze blows gently, and the bamboo shadows and waves shine, creating an interesting contrast. Lifelike ceramic figures are placed in the scene, walking leisurely and contentedly. The viewer is moved by the scene, and it seems that he can get a glimpse of the noble character of this person (Figure 2, "Walking Alone in the Deep Spring" by Lin Fengshu).
       The bonsai made of Phoenix bamboo has a different charm. The slender branches and leaves are graceful, and the small view is like a towering green. Deep in the bamboo forest, the stream is gurgling and clear. The figures dotted in the scene are only an inch tall, reflecting the profound realm (Figure 3, "Bamboo Fun Picture" by Zhao Qingquan).
       Dwarf ground bamboo can also be used to make bonsai. For example, a landscape bonsai is created with creeping green bamboos, densely planted, with continuous shade, just like the continuous green bamboos on the river bank. In the gaps between the bamboos, you can occasionally see sailboats on the river, which is very profound (Figure 4, "Cluster of Bamboos Reflecting the River Sails" by Xu Xiaobai).
       Bamboo bonsai is full of interest, but it requires careful maintenance and management. Potted plants have limited soil. If they are exposed to too much sunlight and the water evaporates too quickly, the bamboo leaves will curl, which may be damaged at best or dry up and die. Bamboo is sensitive to water, so it should be observed at any time and watered in time. Before and after the bamboo shoots emerge, the amount of watering should be properly controlled to inhibit the bamboo from growing taller, so as to maintain the beautiful shape of the bamboo. Once the peak period of branching and leafing is over, appropriate fertilizer should be applied to promote its healthy growth. Bamboo bonsai should be placed in a semi-shaded environment for maintenance at ordinary times. Bamboo species that are afraid of cold can be moved indoors to overwinter in winter. Bamboo bonsai should be sprayed with water frequently, which can not only remove dust, but also increase the humidity of the environment, which is conducive to the growth of bamboo.
After transplanting the bamboo , water it thoroughly and then cover it with a plastic bag to create a humid microclimate , and soon many bamboo shoots will emerge .
Growth habits: likes warmth, cold-resistant, likes semi-shaded and humid environment . Shallow roots, good at growing in loose, fertile, well-drained sandy soil. Strong adaptability.
Cultivation management:
1. The best time to transplant or pot is around March in early spring or August to September in autumn . The young plants need to be covered with mud. You can also dig up the underground whip stems and plant them with soil. They will take root and grow shoots in April .
2. For medium-sized plants or larger, transplant or pot plant them with stems and mud balls, and add dry chicken manure as base fertilizer. After planting, water them well and place them in semi-shaded place.
3. In winter, soil should be added to the root base and basal fertilizer should be applied to increase nutrition. This can promote the growth and renewal of the whip roots and is also conducive to growing more bamboo shoots in the future.
 
4. Bamboo is shade-tolerant. Potted bamboo can be placed under a curtain or tree shade in midsummer. Avoid direct sunlight to prevent the leaf tips from burning. In winter, place it in a well-ventilated place indoors.
 
Bamboo likes moisture but is afraid of waterlogging 2. Fertilizer management: The fertilizer for potted bamboo is mainly organic fertilizer mixed into the potting soil when potting. After the bamboo is established, apply appropriate topdressing, " thin fertilizer and frequent application " , and apply 0.5 % urea or 1.0 % compound fertilizer in spring and summer .  
3. Disease and Pest Control The main pests of potted bamboo are aphids and scale insects, which can be sprayed with 80 % dichlorvos emulsion or 40 % dimethoate emulsion 1000 times diluted; the main diseases are sooty mold and witches' broom 
Etc., we need to strengthen management and prune diseased plants in time. 
4. Other management In the hot season, potted bamboo should be moved to a cool place to avoid exposure to the sun. Spray water on the leaves to keep the leaves green. In winter, potted bamboo must be moved to a sunny place away from the wind or indoors. Potting time The best time for scattered bamboo to be potted is February or March before bamboo shoots emerge in spring and September or October in autumn. Among them, February is the best time for ground bamboo . Because bamboo shoots emerge in summer and autumn, March to May is the best time for clump bamboo.  
2. For potting, dig up 2 to 3 ornamental bamboos with low branches, lush leaves and beautiful plant shapes . Carry more soil when digging to ensure that the whip buds and whip roots are intact. After digging, immediately transport them to a cool place and spray water on the leaves. Do not shake the bamboo stalks when digging and transporting bamboos to avoid damaging the " screws " and affecting survival. If the bamboo is too tall, the top should be cut off. If there are too many leaves, some leaves can be removed. When placed indoors, the height of the bamboo should be controlled at about 2 meters.  
3. Tips for potting When potting, first lay the pot flat and pad the bottom with a layer of breathable material such as gravel or coal slag. Then fill it with a layer of potting soil and put the bamboo into the pot. Finally, fill the soil again, and use a wooden stick to pound the soil around the pot while filling it. After potting, immediately water it thoroughly until water flows out from the bottom of the pot.  
Preparation of potting materials
3. Potting soil Bamboo prefers acidic, slightly acidic or neutral soil, with a pH of 4.5 to 7.0 . Avoid heavy clay and alkaline soil. The soil in the north is highly alkaline, so 0.2 % ferrous sulfate can be added. The best potting soil is loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam. You can mix red and yellow soil, humus soil and fine sand with farmland soil. If ordinary potting soil is used to plant Philippine white bamboo, the survival rate is low. You can use vermiculite or peat mixed with perlite as the matrix, which has a higher survival rate.  
4. Fertilizer Bamboo fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which can be decomposed animal manure, garbage fertilizer and river mud . Organic fertilizer is mainly used as base fertilizer and mixed with potting soil. The amount used is generally 10 % to 15 % of the amount of potting soil .  
5. Pots The pots for potted bamboo can be plastic flower pots, plastic buckets, nutrient pots, seedling bags, clay pots and ceramic pots, among which nutrient pots and seedling bags are the most economical and have good effects. Choose pots according to the size of the bamboo. Ground bamboos such as Phyllostachys philadelphica can use nutrient pots of 10×10 or 13×12 cm; small bamboos such as Phyllostachys arhatii can use nutrient pots of 30×30 cm; medium-sized bamboos such as Phyllostachys chinensis can use seedling bags of 30×45 or 35×50 cm.  
You don't need to water bamboo every day , just keep the soil around the roots moist . Also, the temperature should not be too high , generally 16 degrees Celsius is fine . It should not be exposed to direct sunlight for a long time , and if it is in the north , it should not be placed next to a heater .  
Propagation of clumping and mixed bamboos: 
1. Bamboo transplanting method (planting by dividing the stumps): Select 1-2 year old bamboo poles with vigorous growth , dig up the soil 25-30 cm away from the pole, find the pole handle, and then cut off the pole handle with a sharp chisel, and dig up the stump with the soil. Small bamboos can be dug up in clumps of 3-5 stalks, leaving 2-3 coiled branches , cut obliquely from the internodes, and then planted in the holes that have been dug in advance . 
2. Buried stump, stem, and node method Choose a strong bamboo stump, leave a bamboo stem 30 cm to 40 cm long on it, bury it obliquely in the planting hole, and cover it with 15 cm to 20 cm of soil. When burying the stump, cut off the side branches of each node of the bamboo stem, leaving only 1 to 2 nodes of the main branch as the material for burying the stem or node. When burying, the trench is 20 cm to 30 cm deep, and the buds on the node are placed on both sides, with the base of the stem slightly lower and the tip slightly higher, slightly obliquely lying in the trench, and covered with 10 cm to 15 cm of soil. Slightly above the ground, and then covered with grass to keep moisture. In order to promote the rooting of hidden buds at each node, two rings can be sawed 8 cm to 10 cm above each node, deep to the green part of the bamboo. The seedling rate of the bamboo stem node treated can be greatly improved.
Propagation of scattered bamboo: 
1. Propagation with mother bamboo Choose 1-2 year old, strong, disease-free, insect-free mother bamboo shoots with bright yellow bamboo whips, full whip buds, short bamboo poles, and not too thick breast diameter. Before digging, determine the direction of the bamboo whips, and then cut off the bamboo whips at a distance of 30 cm to 80 cm from the mother bamboo . Generally , large bamboos leave 30 cm to 40 cm whips and remove 70 cm to 80 cm whips ; medium-sized bamboos leave 20 cm to 30 cm whips and remove 50 cm to 60 cm whips . Do not shake the bamboo pole when digging, cut off its upper part with a sharp knife, generally keep 5 to 7 bamboo branches, and then plant it in a pre-dug hole. The depth of the soil is slightly deeper than the original soil part of the mother bamboo by 3 cm to 5 cm. After planting, water it in time, cover it with grass, dig drainage ditches, and set up brackets to prevent the wind from shaking the roots and affecting rooting.
2. Transplantation propagation: Choose 2-4 year old strong bamboo shoots, and do it about one month before the bamboo shoots produce shoots. After digging out the bamboo shoots, cut them into 60-100 cm sections , bring more soil, protect the root buds, plant them in the hole, lay the bamboo shoots flat, cover them with 10-15 cm of soil , and cover them with grass to prevent moisture evaporation . Generally , small new bamboos can grow in summer. To prevent the new bamboo from withering, cut off 1/3 of the bamboo sheath, and keep 6-7 sets of branches and leaves .
 Bamboo likes acidic, slightly acidic or neutral soil, withpHvalue4.5to7.0. Avoid heavy clay and alkaline soil. The soil in the north is highly alkaline, so0.2% ferrous sulfate can be added. The best potting soil is loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam. Farmland soil can be mixed with red and yellow soil, humus soil and fine　　sand. Bamboo can use charcoal mixed with perlite as a matrix, and the survival rate can reach95%. Maintenance and management of potted bamboo1.Water management: Water management is very important in potted bamboo management. Bamboo likes moisture and is afraid of waterlogging. After potting, the first water should be poured thoroughly, and the potting soil should be kept moist afterwards."Dry thoroughly and pour thoroughly", do not water too much, otherwise it is easy to rot and rot. From potting to survival stage, you should also spray water on the leaves frequently. If the potting soil lacks water, the bamboo leaves will curl up. At this time, water should be poured in time, and the bamboo leaves will unfold again. In summer1to2days on average. In winter, watering is done less frequently, but the soil in the pot should be kept moist to prevent"freezing". When dry leaves and dry bamboo branches appear, cut them off in time.2.Fertilizer management: The fertilizer for potted bamboo is mainly organic fertilizer mixed into the potting soil when potting. After the bamboo survives, it should be properly top-dressed, thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, and compound fertilizer can be applied in spring and summer.3.Disease and insect control: The main pests of potted bamboo are bamboo aphids and bamboo scale insects, which can be sprayed with insecticides. The main diseases are sooty mold and witches' broom disease. Management should be strengthened and diseased plants should be pruned in time.4.Other management: In the hot summer season, potted bamboo should be moved to a cool place to avoid exposure to the sun. The greenhouse should be covered with a shade net, and water should be sprayed on the leaves frequently to keep the bamboo leaves green. In the severe winter, the potted bamboo should be moved to a sunny place away from the wind or indoors, and the greenhouse should be covered with plastic film for insulation. For newly bought bamboo, you only need to spray water on the leaves more often,and be careful to keep the pot soil moist. Don't pay too much attention to it in the first month after you buy it. Cut off the yellow branches. When you find that new leaves are starting to grow, it means that the bamboo has adapted to the environment and can be fertilized and watered normally. It is best to use organic fertilizer for bamboo. Bamboo needs strong fertility,soitneedsalotofwaterandfertilizer.　　Ifthebambooisintheshadeandthereis no sunlight,more.Bamboo branches are old in one yearandtothe situation.shoots will grow all year roundandare easy to raise.　　Common indoor bamboo varieties include: Fuyun bamboo, Luohan bamboo, Jinxiangyu bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, small Buddha belly bamboo, Datai bamboo, Thai bamboo, purple bamboo, ruby ​​bamboo, etc.　　Bamboo can also grow into bamboo forest landscapes indoors, on balconies and rooftops.
　　 

　　
　　
　　
 

How to plant and maintain bamboo in the north
    Bamboo likes warm climate. The cold and dry climate in the north makes bamboo have a low survival rate and poor growth. To keep bamboo green and grow well in the north, we must understand its characteristics and carefully cultivate and maintain it.  
    1. Preparation before planting  
   1. Before planting, first level the planting site, remove debris, and turn the soil to a depth of more than 30 cm. Turning the topsoil into the bottom layer is conducive to the decomposition of organic matter; turning the bottom soil to the surface layer is conducive to weathering. It is best to complete the soil turning before autumn and winter.  
   2. Digging a hole  
   3. Prepare water source, dig a well, and install water pipes.  
   4. Backfill the hole with topsoil to 1/3 of the hole depth . Add 5 kg (for small bamboo) or 10  kg (for large bamboo) of farmyard manure and bamboo growth agent to each hole and mix well with the backfill soil.  
    2. Planting  
   1. When transporting or unloading bamboo seedlings, they must be handled with care. If they cannot be planted in time, they should be placed in a shaded place. Bamboo seedlings that have been scattered in the holes should be planted in time.  
   2. Bamboo seedling treatment When planting bamboo seedlings, they must be capped and pruned to ensure survival and normal growth. When capping, some branches and leaves of the main seedlings are retained, and the roots are treated with bamboo growth hormones to promote the rapid formation of new roots.  
   3. If the soil is poor, put 0.1 kg (small bamboo) or 0.3 kg (large bamboo) of diammonium phosphate in each hole, add 1/2 deep water to the hole, mix it thoroughly with the mud in the hole, add soil, cover the roots and mud and tamp it down, and finally cover with a layer of loose soil, make ridges around it, about 10 cm high , and water it thoroughly to allow the roots to take root.  
   4. Planting depth: Bamboo shoots are not easy to grow if planted too deep, and they are easily blown down by the wind if planted too shallowly. The planting depth of large bamboo seedlings is 35 to 40 cm, and the planting depth of small bamboo seedlings is 30 to 40 cm.  
    3. Planting density and planting hole specifications  
    The planting density of medium-sized bamboo is 4 to 8 plants per square meter, and the maximum is 10 plants. If large-scale planting is implemented, 600 to 1,000 plants per mu are planted; the planting hole length × width × depth is 50 cm × 50 cm × 40 cm.  
    The density of large bamboo can be selected as needed, but ventilation and light transmission must be guaranteed. The planting hole length × width ×  depth is 80 cm × 60 cm × 50 cm.  
    4. Maintenance and management  
   1. Watering: Water is an important factor that directly affects the survival rate of new bamboos. Because the mother bamboo has been dug, transported, and planted, the bamboo shoots are damaged to varying degrees, the water absorption capacity is weakened, and the respiration is strengthened. If there is insufficient water, it will wither, affecting growth and even death. In the northern region, there is generally little rainfall in spring, the air humidity is low, and the water transpiration of the branches and leaves of the newly planted bamboo is large, so it is even more important to water and moisturize it in time. If it rains for a long time, drain the accumulated water and keep the soil permeable.  
   2. Weeding: Newly planted bamboo forests have sparse plants and sufficient light, so weeds are easy to grow. If they are not removed in time, they will not only consume the water and nutrients in the soil, but also directly affect the growth of new bamboos. It is best to weed on a sunny day in summer, as the weeds removed are easy to die. Generally, weeding is done two or three times a year. If conditions permit, apply some quick-acting fertilizers a few days after weeding.  
   3. When caring for newly planted bamboo , it is necessary to prevent damage by humans and animals, and to remove some weak shoots in time. Two or three strong shoots should be kept for each mother bamboo to cultivate into bamboo. When the new bamboo grows up, 1/3 of the  top should be cut off to reduce water evaporation, improve drought resistance, and promote the growth of bamboo shoots. In addition, diseases and insect pests should be prevented.  
   4. Management of adult bamboo Newly planted bamboo becomes adult bamboo after 3 years. In order to make the bamboo garden green and beautiful and increase the rate of bamboo shoots, it is necessary to strengthen the nurturing and management of the bamboo garden.  
    ( 1 ) Protecting bamboo shoots and nurturing bamboo When new bamboos have not yet closed, protecting bamboo shoots and nurturing bamboo shoots is a key measure to increase the density of bamboo forests and promote the development of bamboo gardens. For scattered bamboos, we should not dig out whip shoots and winter shoots, and protect spring shoots. Digging out whip shoots and winter shoots has a great impact on the growth of bamboo, not only reducing the number of shoots, but also weakening the growth of mature bamboos.  
    ( 2 ) Adjust the bamboo forest structure reasonably. Cut down or dig out old bamboos over seven years old every year, and keep young and strong bamboos under six years old. Dig out old bamboos over five years old for medium-sized bamboos, and the thinning amount should be roughly equal to the number of new bamboos kept in the same year, so that the age structure of the bamboo forest is 30 % for one, two and three years old bamboos, and 10 % for four years old bamboos . Cut down small bamboos and keep big ones, or dig up small bamboos and keep big ones. Depending on the quality of bamboos, cut down weak bamboos, small bamboos, diseased bamboos and residual bamboos, and keep strong bamboos. Dig out old baskets and turn the soil deeply every winter. In addition, cut off the whips, bury the whips and cultivate the soil. Cutting off the whips is generally done from July to September .  
    ( 3 ) Fertilization:　 Apply 15 kg of urea per mu from January to February to promote the development of bamboo shoots and the expansion of shoots, thereby increasing the yield of spring bamboo shoots. In June , when the new bamboos are unfolding their leaves, apply 1,500 kg of decomposed human feces and urine per mu to supply the nutrients needed for the growth of new bamboos and the rejuvenation of old bamboos, and promote the growth of bamboo shoots, which can deepen the color of bamboo leaves and improve photosynthesis. In August , when the bamboo shoots are forming and the shoots are differentiating, apply 15  kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote the rejuvenation of bamboo shoots, the differentiation and hypertrophy of shoots, and increase the rate of shoot growth next year. After felling the bamboo in autumn and winter, apply 1,500 kg of organic fertilizer and 3,000 kg of garbage fertilizer per mu to increase soil temperature and promote the early growth of spring bamboo shoots.  
    Fertilization can be done by a combination of spreading, furrowing or hole application.  
    In addition, the bamboos should be pruned to suppress apical dominance, promote the growth of bamboo shoots and shoots, and reduce and prevent wind and snow damage. The time for pruning is generally between the frost and the spring equinox of the following year, but it is better to do it at the beginning of winter.