Pests and diseases of greening plants often have adverse effects. The basic principle for pest and disease control is "prevention first, integrated management," which involves rationally utilizing cultivation, biological, physical, chemical methods, and other effective ecological means to control pests and diseases to a minimum to prevent harm. The main methods of control are as follows.

1. Plant Quarantine

Its main measures include: internal quarantine and external quarantine.

2. Agricultural technology prevention and control methods

By improving plant cultivation practices to create an environment more conducive to robust plant growth and the formation of natural enemies, while inhibiting the survival of diseases and pests, the occurrence of diseases and pests can be controlled, thereby achieving the goal of avoiding, mitigating, or directly eliminating them. The main measures include: selecting and breeding disease- and pest-resistant plant varieties, improving cultivation methods, implementing rational plant combinations, avoiding cross-infection of diseases and pests, deep plowing and soil improvement, and strengthening water and fertilizer management.

3. Biological control

Pest and disease control utilizes natural enemies of pests, parasitic relationships between organisms, or antibial mechanisms. Biological control methods reduce pesticide residue pollution of soil, air, and water, protecting human health; therefore, this method is receiving increasing attention and is developing rapidly. Its main measures include: using birds to control pests, using insects to control pests, using fungi to control pests, using hormones to control pests, and using fungi to control diseases.

4. Physical and mechanical prevention methods

Methods of controlling pests and diseases using instruments or physical factors (light, electricity, wind, heat, radiation, etc.). For example, using black light lamps to kill pests. Main methods include: trapping, baiting, barrier methods, high-temperature treatment, microwave treatment, and radiation treatment.

5. Chemical control methods

When pests and diseases break out on a large scale, using various chemical agents to eliminate pests, weeds, and other harmful animals is the most effective and rapid method, and has become one of the important means of forest protection. This control method is characterized by its simplicity, good control effect, high productivity, and minimal impact from regional and seasonal factors.

Currently, spraying is the most common method for controlling pests on seedlings. While this method has some control effect, the large amount of pesticide solution dispersed into the air pollutes the environment and can easily cause poisoning in humans and livestock. Furthermore, spraying is generally ineffective against trunk-boring pests such as the poplar clearwing moth, mulberry longhorn beetle, spotted longhorn beetle, and Mongolian giant moth; special methods must be used. The following are a few other methods you can refer to:

(1) Trunk application method: This method is very effective in controlling pests such as aphids, leaf beetles, red spider mites on trees such as trident maple, Chinese elm, mountain ailanthus, and crape myrtle, as well as scale insects on pine trees.

(2) Poison stick insertion method: After inserting the pre-made poison stick into the insect tunnel, the medicine comes into contact with the moisture in the tree sap and insect excrement, and a chemical reaction is produced to form a highly toxic gas, which poisons and kills the pests in the trunk. The control effect of poisoning and killing boring pests is more than 90%.

(3) Tree trunk injection method: Longhorn beetles, willow leafminer, pine shoot borer, bamboo weevil and other pests that bore into the trunk, branches and bark of forest trees can be effectively controlled by injection. Within a week of injection, a large number of pests will die.

(4) Hanging bottle method: Hanging bottles on trees refers to hanging bottles containing medicine liquid on the trunk and using cotton rope and cotton core to transport the medicine liquid in the bottle to the branches and leaves through the tubes in the trunk, thereby achieving the purpose of prevention and control.

(5) Root application of pesticides: There are two methods of root application of pesticides: one is to directly bury the pesticide, and the other is to bury the pesticide bottle in the root. Both methods can effectively control pests.

Of course, different tree species will suffer from different diseases and pests under different regions, environments, and maintenance management, and specific prevention and control measures need to be tailored to specific targets.