The main methods for controlling pests and diseases during the peanut

1. Peanut leaf spot disease. Peanut leaf spot disease includes black spot and brown spot, which mainly affect leaves, petioles, stipules and stems. The two diseases often occur at the same time. Prevention and control: 1. Control the initial infection site, remove plant debris from the field, plow and prepare the land in a timely manner to accelerate the decomposition of diseased plant debris, remove all peanut straw from the field before sowing to prevent spore production, and implement crop rotation for more than one year in severely affected areas; 2. Select disease-resistant varieties, choosing varieties with small leaves, upright growth, small stomata, thick leaves, and dark leaf color are more resistant to disease; 3. Strengthen cultivation management, sow at the appropriate time, plant at a reasonable density, increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, reduce daytime humidity, and irrigate and drain in a timely manner to promote healthy peanut growth and improve disease resistance; 4. Chemical control: The control period is in mid-July. Generally, use 50% carbendazim at 1000 times dilution (50 grams per mu diluted in 30 kg of water) or 10 ml per mu diluted in 30 kg of water for spore-forming agent, or 70% methyl thiophanate at 800 times dilution (60 grams per mu diluted in 30 kg of water), once every 7-10 days, for two consecutive treatments.

2. Peanut root and stem rot. Agricultural control: (1) Harvest at the appropriate time, dry thoroughly, and avoid moisture during storage to prevent mold. Dry seeds before sowing. (2) Implement crop rotation and avoid crop rotation. (3) Use fully decomposed organic fertilizer, sow deeply after harvest, and bury residual branches and fallen leaves. Chemical control: Before sowing, use 25% or 50% carbendazim; treat seeds with 0.5% or 0.3% of the seed weight, or soak seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 0.5% of the dry seed weight. Both diseases have good control effects. If seeds are not treated or soaked before sowing, spray with 25% or 50% carbendazim at 500 or 1000 times dilution during the seedling stage, once after emergence and once before flowering to control the spread of the disease.

3. Flower rust. Prevention and control: Remove diseased plant debris from the field and burn or compost it. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply nitrogen fertilizer appropriately. Planting on ridges is recommended to facilitate irrigation and drainage. Spray pesticides at the beginning of flowering, using 1000 times dilution or 600 times dilution of 75% chlorothalonil.

4. Major Pests. The major pests of peanuts include: mole crickets, grubs, black worms, aphids, wireworms, spider mites, and bollworms.

1. Underground pests. Mole crickets mainly damage germinating seeds and young stems. Control measures: 1. Manual capture; 2. Seed treatment with chlorpyrifos; 3. To control grubs, mix 2.5-3 kg of 5% phoxim granules with 15-20 kg of fine soil per acre, and then spread the mixture in the sowing furrow; 4. If damage is found during the seedling stage, drench the roots with a 5000-8000 times dilution of abamectin per acre.

2. Above-ground pests. Aphid control: Use 10-15g of 50% imidacloprid diluted in 40-50kg of water per mu (667 square meters), or use 10% imidacloprid diluted 1000-1500 times, or 3% acetamiprid diluted 1500-2000 times for spraying. Spider mite control: Remove weeds to reduce the source of pests, check and treat promptly, and use spot control. The main pesticide is 1.8% abamectin diluted 5000-6000 times, which can achieve ideal results when sprayed evenly. Cotton bollworm control: Agricultural control: Use willow branches to trap and kill adults during the emergence period. Chemical control: When larvae are in the 1st-3rd instar, spray with 800 times NPV virus insecticide + 1500-2000 times high-efficiency cyanamide.