Pest and disease control
Experts say that apple tree pests can manifest in many ways. Pest and disease control can be divided into the following periods:
January to early March: This is the period of apple tree canker disease. Diseased spots should be scraped off promptly, followed by application of a 50-fold dilution of a protective agent such as Fuping or Fubiqing. Apply the medication three times a year. For general lesions, apply the medication continuously for three years. For branches with canker disease and dieback, prune them promptly. Collect and burn diseased bark and branches.
February to late March: In mature orchards, spray the entire tree with a 100-fold dilution of 40% arsenic wettable powder before bud break. Conduct a thorough cleaning of the tree and orchard, removing fallen leaves, fruit, and branches. These measures can also control apple fruit rot, anthracnose, core rot, and dry rot. In orchards severely infested with jujube looper moths, before March 15th, tie a 10-cm wide plastic sheet to the base of the trunk to control the female moths' egg-laying sites under the tree for centralized control. From late March, kill adult insects at the base of the trees every morning and evening. In
early April, the main targets are spider mites and jujube loopers. After scraping off old, loose bark from branches, spray with lime sulfur solution at 3-5 Baume degrees. The concentration should be adjusted according to the phenological stage of the fruit trees, gradually decreasing as buds sprout. This measure can also control apple tree rot, core rot, aphids, and other pests and diseases. In orchards severely infested with apple gall aphids, spray with 1000 times dilution of 40% dimethoate or 3000 times dilution of cypermethrin in early April. To control leafrollers, seal pruning and sawing wounds with 30-50 times dilution of 50% dichlorvos EC or 300 times dilution of 50% parathion to eliminate overwintering larvae of apple leafrollers and apple leafrollers. Continue to scrape and treat rot diseases, and apply protective pesticides promptly. Perform final pruning during the flowering period to ensure a reasonable fruit load, and pay attention to irrigation to prevent the soil from drying out.
IV. Late April to early May: This period is the peak emergence period for spider mites. Recommended pesticides include: 20% trichlorfon at 1000x dilution or a mixture of 200-400x sulfur suspension; 5% nissorun at 2000x dilution; or a mixture of 20% trichlorfon at 1000x dilution and 0.02 Baume lime sulfur solution. This can also control apple core rot and powdery mildew. For jujube looper control, in late April, spray the underside of plastic sheeting with 90% trichlorfon at 1000x dilution or 50% dichlorvos EC at 800-1000x dilution. If larvae have already climbed the tree, spray with 50% phoxim EC at 1000x dilution or pyrethroid insecticides to eliminate larvae before the third instar. For apple beetles, manually capture them in the early morning or evening. In severe cases, spray the entire tree with a 1000-fold dilution of 50% phoxim EC or a 2000-fold dilution of 50% parathion EC.
Fifth, the focus of prevention and control is on fruit diseases, such as apple ring rot, apple anthracnose, apple fruit rot, and apple core rot. Spray a fungicide once in early May, such as zinc-copper Bordeaux mixture, a 600-fold dilution of 75% chlorothalonil WP, or a 1000-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim WP. Spray again in late May or at the end of May; this can also control early leaf drop. For controlling spider mites, use a 800-fold dilution of 20% trichlorfon, a 3000-fold dilution of 73% chlorpyrifos, a 1500-fold dilution of 40% methamidophos, or a 3000-fold dilution of 5% nissorun.
VI. June: While continuing to control fruit and leaf diseases, spray with Bordeaux mixture, with an interval of about 15 days between each spray. Agents include: trichlorfon, chlorfenapyr, methamidophos, and nissorun. When small fruit hearts are found, begin spraying the entire canopy with 25% parathion microcapsules or 25% phoxim microcapsules at 300 times dilution, or chlorpyrifos at 450-60 times dilution, twice in total, with an interval of 15 days.
VII. July: Scraping off the bark from branches and trunks is an effective measure to control fruit tree rot. Continue spraying with Bordeaux mixture for leaf diseases, and continue to control spider mites using the same methods as before. Begin controlling small peach fruit moths, using agents: 50% parathion at 1500 times dilution, deltamethrin, 20% cypermethrin, and 20% deltamethrin at 3000 times dilution.
8. August: Spray with a high-dose Bordeaux mixture once at the beginning and middle of August to control leaf and fruit diseases. Spray once in late August to control the peach fruit moth. For leaf-eating insects, spray with 1000 times dilution of trichlorfon or other pyrethroid insecticides.
9. After fruit harvest: Conduct a thorough orchard cleaning, removing diseased branches and fruits from the trees, and scraping off loose bark.
January to early March: This is the period of apple tree canker disease. Diseased spots should be scraped off promptly, followed by application of a 50-fold dilution of a protective agent such as Fuping or Fubiqing. Apply the medication three times a year. For general lesions, apply the medication continuously for three years. For branches with canker disease and dieback, prune them promptly. Collect and burn diseased bark and branches.
February to late March: In mature orchards, spray the entire tree with a 100-fold dilution of 40% arsenic wettable powder before bud break. Conduct a thorough cleaning of the tree and orchard, removing fallen leaves, fruit, and branches. These measures can also control apple fruit rot, anthracnose, core rot, and dry rot. In orchards severely infested with jujube looper moths, before March 15th, tie a 10-cm wide plastic sheet to the base of the trunk to control the female moths' egg-laying sites under the tree for centralized control. From late March, kill adult insects at the base of the trees every morning and evening. In
early April, the main targets are spider mites and jujube loopers. After scraping off old, loose bark from branches, spray with lime sulfur solution at 3-5 Baume degrees. The concentration should be adjusted according to the phenological stage of the fruit trees, gradually decreasing as buds sprout. This measure can also control apple tree rot, core rot, aphids, and other pests and diseases. In orchards severely infested with apple gall aphids, spray with 1000 times dilution of 40% dimethoate or 3000 times dilution of cypermethrin in early April. To control leafrollers, seal pruning and sawing wounds with 30-50 times dilution of 50% dichlorvos EC or 300 times dilution of 50% parathion to eliminate overwintering larvae of apple leafrollers and apple leafrollers. Continue to scrape and treat rot diseases, and apply protective pesticides promptly. Perform final pruning during the flowering period to ensure a reasonable fruit load, and pay attention to irrigation to prevent the soil from drying out.
IV. Late April to early May: This period is the peak emergence period for spider mites. Recommended pesticides include: 20% trichlorfon at 1000x dilution or a mixture of 200-400x sulfur suspension; 5% nissorun at 2000x dilution; or a mixture of 20% trichlorfon at 1000x dilution and 0.02 Baume lime sulfur solution. This can also control apple core rot and powdery mildew. For jujube looper control, in late April, spray the underside of plastic sheeting with 90% trichlorfon at 1000x dilution or 50% dichlorvos EC at 800-1000x dilution. If larvae have already climbed the tree, spray with 50% phoxim EC at 1000x dilution or pyrethroid insecticides to eliminate larvae before the third instar. For apple beetles, manually capture them in the early morning or evening. In severe cases, spray the entire tree with a 1000-fold dilution of 50% phoxim EC or a 2000-fold dilution of 50% parathion EC.
Fifth, the focus of prevention and control is on fruit diseases, such as apple ring rot, apple anthracnose, apple fruit rot, and apple core rot. Spray a fungicide once in early May, such as zinc-copper Bordeaux mixture, a 600-fold dilution of 75% chlorothalonil WP, or a 1000-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim WP. Spray again in late May or at the end of May; this can also control early leaf drop. For controlling spider mites, use a 800-fold dilution of 20% trichlorfon, a 3000-fold dilution of 73% chlorpyrifos, a 1500-fold dilution of 40% methamidophos, or a 3000-fold dilution of 5% nissorun.
VI. June: While continuing to control fruit and leaf diseases, spray with Bordeaux mixture, with an interval of about 15 days between each spray. Agents include: trichlorfon, chlorfenapyr, methamidophos, and nissorun. When small fruit hearts are found, begin spraying the entire canopy with 25% parathion microcapsules or 25% phoxim microcapsules at 300 times dilution, or chlorpyrifos at 450-60 times dilution, twice in total, with an interval of 15 days.
VII. July: Scraping off the bark from branches and trunks is an effective measure to control fruit tree rot. Continue spraying with Bordeaux mixture for leaf diseases, and continue to control spider mites using the same methods as before. Begin controlling small peach fruit moths, using agents: 50% parathion at 1500 times dilution, deltamethrin, 20% cypermethrin, and 20% deltamethrin at 3000 times dilution.
8. August: Spray with a high-dose Bordeaux mixture once at the beginning and middle of August to control leaf and fruit diseases. Spray once in late August to control the peach fruit moth. For leaf-eating insects, spray with 1000 times dilution of trichlorfon or other pyrethroid insecticides.
9. After fruit harvest: Conduct a thorough orchard cleaning, removing diseased branches and fruits from the trees, and scraping off loose bark.