Learn the 4 major planting models and 13 cultivation methods of modern agriculture in one article!

With the continuous development of agricultural modernization, the agricultural production and management system is also constantly innovating. Agricultural technological progress has changed the traditional agricultural planting model, and a large number of new agricultural economies have emerged, namely agricultural demonstration parks, family farms, agricultural professional cooperatives, etc. What kind of agricultural planting model do these new agricultural economies adopt?

New agriculture encompasses four major models of modern agricultural production and management: facility agriculture, sightseeing agriculture, soilless cultivation, and precision agriculture. Choosing the right model and approach can undoubtedly make agricultural operations more efficient. Next, let's explore these four major models and 13 cultivation methods of modern new agricultural cultivation.

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Facility Agriculture

Facility agriculture is a modern agricultural method that uses engineering techniques to modify natural light and temperature conditions under relatively controlled conditions, creating optimal environmental factors for plant and animal growth and enabling efficient production of plants and animals. Facility cultivation is reportedly 3.5 times the yield of open-air cultivation.

Generally speaking, facilities for agricultural cultivation require the use of computer-controlled automated facilities such as automatically opening skylights, shading systems, insulation systems, heating systems, wet curtains, sprinkler and drip irrigation systems or drip irrigation systems, and mobile seedling beds, thereby providing an agricultural "smart" greenhouse .

Smart greenhouses not only enable agricultural production and planting, but also serve as agricultural tourism, scientific research, healthcare, and, most familiar to the general public, ecological restaurants. Facility agriculture applications encompass facility planting, facility breeding, and facility edible fungi.

With the increasing food safety concerns associated with pesticide residues on vegetables, environmentally safe greenhouses have become a key component of toxin-free agriculture, facility agriculture, and standard vegetable gardens. These facilities, which enable the production of pesticide-free vegetables and fruits, are a key area of future development in facility agriculture. Those involved in agricultural cultivation may wish to consider these technologies.

1 Production greenhouse

Production greenhouses are mainly used for production and planting, and can be used to grow vegetables, flowers, fruits, and seedling tissue culture.

2 Ecological Restaurant

The ecological restaurant is planned, designed and constructed by comprehensively applying knowledge from relevant disciplines such as architecture, landscape architecture, facility horticulture, and ecology. Facility control technology, agronomic cultivation and management technology are used to maintain the beautiful environment of the restaurant, forming a plant configuration pattern with green landscape plants as the main body, and vegetables, fruits, flowers, grasses and medicinal herbs as the supplementary ones. Combined with rockery, waterfalls, small bridges and flowing water, bamboo and wooden pavilions and other garden landscapes, it presents a green, beautiful and pleasant dining environment in all directions and in three dimensions.

The general conditions that an ecological restaurant needs to have are: intelligent controlled greenhouse, natural environment, ecological food, energy saving, water saving, waste recycling and other environmental protection measures.

The ecological greenhouse restaurant is a product of the perfect combination of modern facility agriculture and green catering. We believe that farms or farms engaged in leisure agricultural tourism can refer to it and use its characteristics to attract tourists.

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Agricultural tourism

Agricultural tourism is a high-tech agricultural theme park that integrates sightseeing, technology display, and science education. It organically integrates garden art, horticultural landscape, cultivation technology, and regional culture. It uses modern greenhouses as a carrier, follows the principles of landscape planning and design and tourism planning, and uses modern high-tech agricultural science and technology to rationally integrate and arrange natural landscape elements, cultural landscape elements, and landscape engineering elements, making it a new type of agricultural landscape form with a complete landscape system and tourism functions.

In recent years, with the industrialization of global agriculture, modern agriculture not only has productive functions, but also has the functions of improving the quality of the ecological environment and providing people with sightseeing, leisure and vacation.

With rising incomes, more leisure time, a fast-paced lifestyle, and high-intensity work pressures, people are eager for diverse travel, especially the opportunity to relax in a typical rural environment. This has given rise to a new industry at the intersection of agriculture and tourism: agritourism.

Some farmhouses, farms or farms in the suburbs or with convenient transportation can seize this desire of urban residents and use the agricultural tourism model to obtain greater agricultural benefits.

Soilless cultivation

Soilless cultivation is a method of growing plants without soil, using materials containing essential elements for plant growth and development, allowing them to complete their life cycle normally. This includes hydroponics, mist (aeroponics), and substrate cultivation. Soilless cultivation is generally used to grow crops such as vegetables, flowers, fruits, and tobacco.

The composition of the nutrient solution in soilless cultivation is easy to control and can be adjusted at any time. It can be practiced in locations without soil, such as deserts, beaches, and deserted islands, with a sufficient supply of fresh water. Soilless cultivation can also be used to grow vegetables and flowers in the suburbs of large cities and in homes. Soilless cultivation can be used to grow vegetables, allowing for controlled environmental control and minimal pollution.

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1 Wall cultivation

Wall cultivation uses a combination of a wall and PVC pipes, with a growing substrate placed inside. In soilless cultivation projects, this method can serve as a partition wall and also enhance the aesthetics of the wall.

2 Three-layer hydroponics

Three-layer hydroponics uses water as the main carrier for crop growth, and is supplemented with nutrient solution to provide crops with the nutrients they need for growth. This model of cultivation facilities is closed and has good thermal insulation properties, and uses pure water for cultivation, making it very suitable for direct picking and consumption on site.

3 Pipeline cultivation

Pipeline soilless cultivation is a new type of hydroponic facility that can adopt three-dimensional, flat and other structural methods. It mainly grows leafy crops. The vegetables produced by this cultivation model are clean, pollution-free and can be picked and eaten directly.

4. Pillar cultivation

Pillar cultivation involves installing multiple pot-like cultivation troughs on pillars, which contain a substrate for cultivation. Pillar cultivation is primarily used to grow pollution-free strawberries. Once the fruit sets, the strawberries are distributed around the cultivation troughs, creating a lovely, easy-to-pick, and edible landscape.

5 A-shaped frame cultivation

The A-shaped layout of the A-frame cultivation structure facilitates sunlight for crops and greatly facilitates daily operations. The A-frame structure is flexible and can be configured to meet diverse needs. Due to its ease of operation and cleanliness, the A-frame has become a popular choice for balcony and rooftop farming. Vegetables suitable for A-frame cultivation include lettuce, romaine lettuce, rapeseed, strawberries, edamame, and cilantro.

6 Aerosol cultivation

Aerosol cultivation involves a new cultivation method in which water mixed with a nutrient solution is atomized at high pressure and sprayed directly onto the roots of crops. The roots hang directly within the space of the cultivation container, where they are exposed to the aerosol, meeting the necessary growth conditions. Aerosol cultivation offers the advantages of being pollution-free, technologically advanced, and edible, making it highly practical and ornamental.

7 Vegetable Tree

The "Vegetable Tree" utilizes a multi-pole pruning method and appropriate control measures to grow an ordinary ground seedling into a "tree" covering an area exceeding dozens of square meters, significantly increasing yields. This demonstrates the astonishing potential for high yields per plant and holds significant value in cultivation research and agricultural tourism.

8 Aerial cultivation

Aerial cultivation utilizes deep liquid culture to transform agricultural products from traditional cultivation to hydroponics. Aquatic roots provide the plant with ample water and fertilizer, while adventitious roots produced by pressure vines serve as storage roots, achieving a coordinated and coordinated root system. Planting once allows for years of harvest. This innovative cultivation method offers both high ornamental and scientific value.

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9. Sand cultivation

Sand cultivation is a cultivation method that simulates a desert environment. Plants grown in the desert are artificially transplanted into a greenhouse, and modern agricultural planting technology is used to imitate the dry and high temperature environment of the desert, so that people who have never been to the desert can also see these new and unique plants in the greenhouse.

10. Aquaponics

Fish-vegetable symbiosis is a new type of compound farming system. It combines aquaculture and hydroponic cultivation, two originally completely different farming technologies, through ingenious ecological design to achieve scientific synergistic symbiosis, thus realizing the ecological symbiotic effect of raising fish without changing water and worrying about water quality, and growing vegetables normally without fertilizing.

11 Strawberry Waterfall

The Strawberry Waterfall is primarily a display of strawberries, grown in elevating troughs using a substrate as a carrier for both culture and nutrient solution. Once fruiting, the strawberries naturally grow vertically to the sides of the troughs and drape downward, forming a waterfall-like shape, hence the name "Strawberry Waterfall." Visitors can admire and pick the strawberries from beneath them, making the display a highly economical experience.

Precision Agriculture

Precision agriculture is a new trend in global agricultural development. It's an information technology-enabled system that implements a comprehensive set of modern agricultural techniques and management based on spatial variation, with targeted, timed, and quantitative implementation. Its fundamental meaning is to adjust crop inputs according to the soil properties of the crops they grow in. This involves identifying soil properties and spatial variation in productivity within a field, while also determining crop production targets. This targeted approach involves "systematic diagnosis, optimized formulations, technical assembly, and scientific management ." This approach maximizes soil productivity and meticulously calculates the amounts of fertilizer, water, and pesticides needed for crops, achieving equivalent or higher incomes with minimal or minimal inputs. It also significantly contributes to environmental protection, efficiently utilizing agricultural resources, and achieving both economic and environmental benefits.

Precision agriculture is shifting agricultural production from extensive to intensive management. It precisely determines the amount of raw materials used, allowing operations to proceed continuously like industrial processes, thus achieving large-scale operations. Precision agriculture prioritizes efficiency over high yields. It brings agriculture into the digital and information age and is a key development direction for agriculture in the 21st century.

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