Introduction to common flower and grass care

Bamboo 

Asparagus fern, also known as cloud bamboo and asparagus mountain grass, belongs to the Liliaceae family. Cultivated varieties include dwarf asparagus fern and large asparagus fern.

Morphology and habits: Asparagus fern is a perennial herbaceous vine with soft and elongated stems and climbing properties; the root is slightly fleshy; the leaf-like branches are slender and clustered, shaped like feathers, and spread horizontally; the leaves are 3 mm to 5 mm long, 6 to 12 pieces are clustered, cylindrical, and thorn-like scales; the flowers are small, bisexual, white, and bloom from February to March or June to July; the paddle fruit is spherical and purple-black. Its bright green and lovely pinnate leaves are obliquely spread out in sheets, shaped like a floating green cloud. It is a leader among foliage plants, suitable for halls, meeting places and desk decorations, and is also an excellent foil material commonly used for flower arrangements and flower baskets. It is also a very popular and best-selling foliage plant in the flower market. 

Asparagus fern is native to South Africa and is now cultivated in gardens of various countries. It likes warm and humid environment, is slightly shade-tolerant, not drought-tolerant, and avoids frost. The room temperature in winter should not be lower than 5℃. It likes to grow in loose and fertile sandy soil. 

Reproduction and cultivation: Propagation by sowing or division. Seeding propagation first requires the cultivation of seed plants. Generally, potted plants cannot bloom and bear fruit, so seed plants are mostly planted indoors: plant 2-3 years old strong plants in a slightly shaded place (mostly in the corner of the greenhouse), set up a bracket, and let them climb naturally. Sow mature seeds in shallow pots in spring, cover with film or glass, and keep the soil moist. They will germinate in about 30 days at 20℃-25℃. Transplant when the seedlings are 4 cm-5 cm tall, and plant them in pots or cultivation beds when they are 8 cm-10 cm tall. For large plants that have grown for 4-5 years, division can be carried out. The densely growing clustered plants can be divided into 2-3 plants per pot or a cluster. Keep them in semi-shade until new leaves or new plants emerge. However, the shape of the newly divided plants is not perfect, and they need to be maintained and shaped before they can be put on the market.   

The soil for potted asparagus fern is usually fertile soil mixed with leaf mold, garden soil, sand, stable manure or phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a ratio of 5:2:2:1 (volume ratio). During the cultivation process, the potting soil should be half dry and half wet. In summer, it should be placed in a semi-shaded place and the leaves should be sprayed frequently to maintain air humidity; in winter, the room temperature should not be lower than 5℃, otherwise it will die. 

In order to produce a large number of leaf materials for flower arrangement, asparagus fern can be planted in large areas. Ground planting usually uses plastic greenhouses to overwinter, and in summer, shade nets are added to create semi-shaded growth conditions for it. The soil requirements for ground planting are the same as those for potted plants, but ground-planted asparagus fern is lush and grows rapidly, so it is necessary to build a frame in time to facilitate ventilation and high yield. At the same time, it is necessary to prune in time to prevent the application of bone meal or phosphorus fertilizer before flowering. During the growth period of asparagus fern, a thin liquid fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen and potassium can be applied once every 10 days. Be careful not to infect the leaves when fertilizing, or spray the leaves to clean them after fertilizing to avoid fertilizer damage to the leaves.

Pests and diseases: Asparagus and Asparagus fern belong to the genus Asparagus of the Liliaceae family. Common pests and diseases are aphids in the rainy season. When aphids are present, spray with 40% dimethoate or 1500-2500 times dimethoate. However, in summer, spray in the morning or evening when the temperature is lower to avoid pesticide damage.

There is another species in this genus: Amyriocladus, which has slender, needle-like leaves, similar to five-needle pine, about 2 cm long, and grows in clusters. It is also suitable for cut flowers.

In late March, asparagus fern can be moved out of the room to receive full sunlight without shading. The moisture of the potting soil can be determined according to the daily weather conditions and the dryness and humidity of the potting soil to determine whether it needs to be watered, and spraying once in the morning and evening is almost done every day. Fertilize with water (urea solution can be used) once a week. From early May to late August, the plant needs to receive sunlight indirectly or be shaded, and cannot be exposed to the sun. Water once every 2 to 3 days, and sprinkle more water around to increase the air humidity. In this way, asparagus fern can maintain a vigorous growth momentum. The author's room is facing east and has no air conditioning. Every year, the plant is moved indoors to prevent heatstroke. After a long time, the leaves are prone to yellowing. Move it out of the room and place it under the tree. After a period of time, it will return to normal. In addition, the plant should not be placed under the air conditioner to blow the wind, which is easy to cause yellow leaves. From September to November, move the plant out from under the tree and place it directly on the platform. Turn the pot once a week, and the management of fertilizer and water is the same as spring maintenance. Apply potassium fertilizer once in late November. Move it indoors in December, water it once every half a month (immersion pot method), use fluorescent lamps to supplement light on rainy days, and spray it once every two or three days.   

Gemstone Flower

   [Other names] Stone lotus, lotus palm, fairy lotus. [Scientific name] Echeveriapeacockii 　　[Family] Crassulaceae, Echeveria genus.

  [Morphology] Mostly solitary evergreen succulent plants. Branches are creeping, stems are shortened. Leaves are obovate, pointed at the tip, thick and juicy, light green with purple halo, with white powder on the surface. Leaves grow in clusters at the end of branches like lotus. Racemose cymes emerge from April to June. The same genus Echeveria glauca has blue -green leaves, obovate, rounded at the tip, but with a distinct tip. The leaves are covered with wax powder and are closely arranged in a rosette.

[Habits] Originated from Mexico. Likes warm, dry, and abundant sunlight, and can tolerate partial shade. Not strict with soil, drought-resistant, likes sandy soil, and is not cold-resistant.

 [Propagation] Cutting propagation. You can cut the side branches with top leaves at any time, remove the lower leaves, and then insert them into plain sandy soil. They will take root in about a week. You can also use leaf cuttings. When inserting, place the leaves facing up and lay them flat on the moist soil. After 5 to 7 days, small leaf clusters will grow at the base of the leaves, and new roots will grow at the same time.

 [Cultivation] The soil for potting should be garden soil mixed with coarse sand or charcoal to facilitate drainage. Repot once in March or April every year, and add some phosphorus fertilizer at the same time. There is no need for topdressing at other times. When watering, pay attention to the principle of not watering unless the soil is dry, and watering thoroughly when watering. In winter, the water content should be controlled. In the growing season, the flower pots should be placed in a ventilated and light-transmitting place. In winter, they should be kept indoors for insulation. The room temperature should be around 10℃, and sufficient light should be provided.

 [Use] Potted foliage. After the flower spikes emerge, the leaves will become loose and should be cut off in time.

Tiger tail orchid

Tiger tail orchid, also known as tiger skin orchid and brocade orchid, is a plant of the Agavaceae family and the genus Tiger tail orchid. Its variants include golden-edged tiger tail orchid and silver-veined tiger tail orchid. The underground stem is branchless, with clustered leaves, which are cylindrical in the lower part and flat in the middle and upper parts. The sword-shaped leaves are rigidly upright, with a plant height of 50 cm to 70 cm, a leaf width of 3 cm to 5 cm, and an entire leaf margin. The surface is milky white, light yellow, and dark green, with horizontal stripes. The leaf margins of golden-edged tiger tail orchid are golden yellow, 1 cm to 1.6 cm wide. The silver-veined tiger tail orchid has longitudinal silver-white stripes on the surface. If the family potted plant is well managed, the leaves of the whole plant are more than 1.2 meters high. The flowers grow solitarily from the rhizome, in racemes, with pale white and light green flowers, 3 to 5 flowers in a bunch, and are born on the inflorescence axis. 

Sansevieria is native to western Africa. It is drought-resistant and likes sunshine and warmth. It is also shade-tolerant and avoids waterlogging. It grows robustly in well-drained sandy loam. It grows fast in spring and summer, so you should add more organic liquid fertilizer. It is better to keep the pot soil slightly dry in late autumn and winter. It is not resistant to severe cold. It should be brought indoors in late autumn and early winter. As long as the indoor temperature is above 18°C, it will grow normally in winter without dormancy. It will bloom from January to February and can safely overwinter if the temperature is not lower than 10°C. During the growing period, whether it is maintained indoors or outdoors, it should not be placed in the shade or strong sunlight for a long time, otherwise the yellow border will narrow and fade. The growth point of the sword leaf curls and closes during the growing period, and is dark brown. It stretches during the dormant period. Beginners often think it is a dry tip and cut it off. After the top growth point is destroyed, the high growth stops. 

The rhizomes of Sansevieria grow very fast if they are carefully managed and cultivated. New leaves sprout every year and take shape in the same year. Generally, the pot is changed every two or three years. In early spring, the whole plant is knocked out, the old soil is removed, and the nutrient soil mixed with coarse sand and leaf mold is replaced. Combine repotting with division propagation, carefully remove the old soil around the stem-like roots to expose the thick rhizomes, and cut them off with a sharp knife from the appropriate connection parts and pot them separately. When dividing the plants, cut the growing leaves crowdedly, and do not cut them into single plants, because each plant only produces one leaf a year, and the transplanted single leaves recover very slowly and have poor ornamental value. At the same time, there are potential funnel-shaped leaf clusters on the rhizomes, and too much division will damage the buds. Do not water after transplanting into the pot. After a week, pour a small amount of water along the edge of the pot. Too much water will easily rot the cut section of the wound. Cutting propagation is carried out in summer. Select strong old leaves of one year or more, cut them into 5 cm small cuttings, place them under ventilation and scattered light for 2 days, and insert them into sandy loam after the wound on the cross section is slightly dry, with a depth of 1/3 of the cuttings, place them in a hot and shaded environment, and spray water frequently to keep them moist. Under the condition of temperature of 20℃ to 30℃, roots will take root in about 30 days, and new young leaves will grow in more than 50 days. Cutting propagation, the leaves of Golden Edge Tiger Tail Orchid will return to their ancestors, and lose the golden edge characteristics of the mother plant. In order to maintain the characteristics of its excellent varieties, it is better to use the division method for family propagation.

orchid

Orchids are also known as mountain orchids and secluded orchids. They were also revered by the ancients as "secluded guests" and "fragrant friends". Orchids are one of the oldest flowers and one of the top ten famous flowers. They are known as "gentlemen among flowers" and "beautiful women in the empty valley".

Orchids are a large family that are found all over the world. They grow in both the north and south, with the largest number in Yunnan, Taiwan, and Hainan Island.

The flower language of orchid is: upright, elegant, pure, gentlemanly, pious, and everlasting. In ancient times, orchids were noble and clean, implying goodness and beauty, and like-minded people. Orchids are also the national flowers of Singapore, Sri Lanka and other countries.

But one thing to note is that the Phalaenopsis with white flowers and red lips has the implication of "discord and difficulty in achieving harmony", so be careful when giving it to others. The flower language of the Dancing Orchid is "joy and forget about home", which means forgetting worries.

Comrade Zhu De, an old revolutionary, loved orchids. He wrote in his poem "Ode to Orchids": "The orchids bloom under the tall trees, and still take root in the grass houses. Even if no one sees and appreciates them, they still have their own fragrance." General Zhang Xueliang, who lived in seclusion in Taiwan for half a century due to the Xi'an Incident, also loved orchids. He believed that raising orchids was a kind of enjoyment.

Orchids like warm and humid conditions, require short sunshine hours, and avoid coal smoke and dust. They are suitable for planting in slightly acidic soil that is rich in humus, dark brown, loose and fertile, and has good air permeability and water retention .

Impatiens

Impatiens has other names such as henna and golden phoenix. The ancients called it "Mei Ke" and also degraded it as "Chrysanthemum Maid". Impatiens is native to India, Malaysia and other places, and is also a common flower.

New Guinea Impatiens

Impatiens family, perennial evergreen herb. Stems are fleshy and sturdy, with many branches and expansion, dark red. The lower leaves are opposite, the upper leaves are whorled, ovate-lanceolate, with sharp teeth, dark green or copper green, with obvious midrib, often red with petiole. Flowers have long petioles, solitary or several flowers gathered into umbels; the flower color is dark red, with rich varieties, including white, pink, rose red, orange red and dark red. The newer representative varieties are the American launched 慘 ientrler捚 废 担? In 1994, there were 28 varieties.

Sowing propagation, carried out in the greenhouse in spring. Germination temperature is 20~22℃. It is better to cover less soil when sowing, and the seedlings will emerge in 10~14 days. Heating the bottom of the seedbed is conducive to germination. Some varieties can also be cut in spring.

Positive, it is suitable to grow under scattered light during the seedling stage. Not cold-resistant, it is suitable to grow at 18~20℃ after germination, and then drop to 15~16℃. Seedlings are easy to bloom, and fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, especially timely water supply. Cool climate, good growth. Care should be taken to prevent the harm of high temperature and showers in summer.

Impatiens

     1. Plant in the ground first and then in pots: I built a small garden under the mulberry tree in the corner of the balcony, 70 cm long, 35 cm wide and 15 cm high, filled with soil 10 cm high, and planted several Impatiens at equal distances. After the Impatiens flowers are green and beautiful, I transplanted 1-2 plants into purple clay pots, watered them enough to take root, placed them in a shaded and cool place for maintenance, and often sprayed water on the leaves. After they grow normally, they can be placed on several racks indoors for viewing. Wait for them to age and fade, remove them from the pots and replant them in the small garden, and transplant new plants from the garden into pots for maintenance. Repeat this cycle over and over again for long-term indoor display.　　

2. Make a hanging flower basket: Impatiens balsamina has a slightly creeping nature and is easy to form a plump effect, so it can be made into a hanging flower basket and hung in the living room or under the eaves. However, the Impatiens balsamina seedlings are not pinched or trimmed during the seedling stage to allow them to grow freely, extending and drooping in all directions, and fluttering in the wind, which is a different kind of interest.

　3. Strengthen fertilizer and water management: Since the culture soil has been fertilized with enough basal fertilizer, after potting Impatiens, it is only necessary to apply thin fertilizer and water once or twice during the growth period to prevent excessive growth, otherwise it will affect the plant shape and reduce the ornamental effect. However, watering should be sufficient. Because Impatiens leaves have large stomata and vigorous transpiration, they require a lot of water, so they are also called "water flowers". Therefore, watering should be done in time and with enough water, especially in summer, otherwise it will cause the leaves to wilt or even drop flowers. 

4. Suitable growth environment: It grows under dense tropical forests in Africa. It likes warm, humid and semi-shady environment and avoids exposure to the sun. Therefore, it is usually necessary to place the Impatiens balsamina facing south, well-ventilated, shaded or under a tree for maintenance to avoid direct sunlight. Especially in summer, exposure to the sun can inhibit its growth and reduce flowering. The sunshine is controlled at 60%-70%. It is one of the most shade-tolerant varieties of flowers. Therefore, a cool, warm and humid environment is required, such as the fish pond under the tree, to facilitate growth and flowering. The temperature during the growth period should be controlled between 15℃ and 25℃, and high temperature should be avoided. When it is hot, it should be moved to the waterside or sprayed with water on the leaves or watered around to create a humid microclimate.　　

5. Pinching: Unflowered Impatiens seedlings should be pinched once to promote more branches, making the plants short and strong, with dense, compact and neat branches and leaves.

6. Pruning: In addition to pinching the tops of Impatiens seedlings, the plants should also be pruned in time after they become short and strong, so that the plants are dense, neat, compact, round and concentrated, forming a profusion of flowers and green leaves, improving the overall ornamental effect. 

7. Pest and disease control: I have been growing Impatiens for several years and have not found any pests and diseases. The reason is that I spray broad-spectrum pesticides once every half a month during the hot season to be prepared for any eventuality.

Dendrobium

Dendrobium, also known as Dendrobium orchid and Chlorophytum comosum, is native to tropical and subtropical Asia. It is a type of orchid and is widely cultivated in South and Southwest China, mainly as cut flowers.

The flower language of Dendrobium is: welcome, blessing, purity, auspiciousness, and happiness. Yellow Dendrobium is a flower given to fathers on Father's Day or their birthdays, implying the father's fortitude, kindness, and majesty, and expressing respect for the father.

Dendrobium orchids prefer warm, cool, humid climate, clean and ventilated environment and fertile, loose, breathable sandy soil. They grow well in bright semi-shaded places and avoid direct sunlight. Dendrobium orchids can use bean dregs, vegetable oil residue, tung oil residue, cow dung and other decomposed fertilizers.

iris

Iris has other nicknames such as Alice and Blue Butterfly. Iris is native to Asia and central China, and is now cultivated all over the world.

The flower language of iris is: elegant heart, mission, messenger of love. Iris is often used to symbolize love and friendship, a bright future, and a keen eye. Europeans love iris and think it symbolizes bright freedom. In ancient Egypt, iris was a symbol of strength and eloquence.

The iris is named after its eagle-like tail, and is also called butterfly flower or Zhu Yingtai flower because its flowers resemble a butterfly.

Irises prefer an environment with plenty of sunlight and well-drained, slightly acidic, fertile and loose soil. They are relatively resistant to cold, drought and partial shade.

Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus has other aliases such as calendula and five-petal plum clock. It is native to Africa and America, mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places, and is a famous ornamental flower.

The leaves of Catharanthus roseus are green and shiny, the flowers are bright and fresh, the flowering period is long, and it blooms all year round.

Catharanthus roseus likes warm and humid climate, likes sunshine, tolerates semi-shade, is relatively resistant to drought, and avoids waterlogging. It also likes loose, fertile, well-drained sandy soil.

Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe is also known as longevity flower, birthday kalanchoe, and dwarf kalanchoe.

Kalanchoe is very adaptable and is a short-day plant. It likes sunlight, but it can also grow well indoors. If it is exposed to sunlight for 8 or 9 hours a day, flower buds will appear after 3 or 4 weeks. Kalanchoe is drought-resistant and should be cultivated in sandy loam. The temperature suitable for its growth is 9 to 29 degrees Celsius. It will stop growing if it is higher than 30 degrees Celsius. If it is lower than 9 degrees Celsius, the leaves will turn red and the flowering period will be delayed.

[Morphology] Perennial evergreen fleshy herb. Stem erect, 10-30 cm high. Single leaves opposite, oval, oblong, tall varieties with larger leaves, short varieties with small and dense leaves. Leaf margins have blunt teeth, dark green, shiny, often red at low temperatures. Conical cymes, bright red, orange-red, pink, yellow, white, etc. Blooms twice in spring and autumn. [Habits] Native to Madagascar. Likes warmth, not strict requirements for light, can grow well in full sunlight and scattered light. Not strict requirements for soil, drought-resistant.

 [Propagation] Cuttings are the main method of propagation, but sowing is also possible. Both branch cuttings and leaf cuttings are very easy to survive. Under suitable temperature conditions, cuttings can be taken all year round. Generally, spring and summer are the best time for cuttings, and branch cuttings are particularly convenient. Just cut a branch with three pairs of leaves, remove the lower pair of leaves, and insert it into plain sandy soil. It will take about 10 days for roots to grow. Even if you take a branch with an inflorescence for cuttings, it can still take root and survive. Leaf cuttings are to remove the leaves with petioles, insert them obliquely into plain sandy soil, and water them once every 2 to 3 days. After about 20 days, the petiole cut will take root and sprout new buds.

 [Cultivation] Use leaf mold, garden soil, and river sand in equal amounts to make the culture soil. Do not water too much during the cultivation process, and alternate between dry and wet. Apply liquid fertilizer with high phosphorus content once a month during the growth period. Cut off the flower stems in time when the flowers fade to promote side branches and make more flowers bloom in the future. Keep indoors in winter to keep warm, and the wintering temperature should not be lower than 5℃. Repot once in spring.

 [Use] Potted plants can be used for indoor viewing, both for viewing leaves and flowers. They can also be used to decorate flower beds in autumn. The whole plant can be used as medicine. It has the effects of relieving fever, dispersing blood stasis, detoxifying and stopping bleeding. 

Azalea

Rhododendron has other names such as azalea and mountain pomegranate. Rhododendron has been a precious flower since the Tang Dynasty. It is one of the ancient famous flowers and has the reputation of "the most beautiful flower". It is also one of the three natural famous flowers (rhododendron, primrose and gentian). Rhododendron is also a world famous flower. China is the main cultivation country of rhododendron. There are about 850 varieties in the world, including more than 460 species.

Azaleas prefer to grow in places with sufficient rainfall, cool climate, moist air, mist, and acidic soil. However, there are also many varieties that tolerate shade, drought, and barrenness.

How to manage azalea after flowering?

Pruning and shaping After the azalea blooms, it is generally necessary to manually remove the remaining flowers, then carry out appropriate thinning, cut off the dense branches, and allow them to grow again.　　

Fertilizer and water management: Water in the northern region is alkaline and hard. Long-term watering can easily cause soil alkalization and affect the growth of flowers. Therefore, water should be stored in a container for more than 24 hours before watering, and then used after the chlorine volatilizes. You can also water with water with an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate or edible white vinegar every 10 days or so. Rhododendrons do not require much fertilizer, and are generally fertilized with water. From late spring to early summer, bean cake fertilizer water can be applied every half a month. Thin fertilizer should be applied frequently to promote the germination of new buds. If there is no bean cake fertilizer, you can buy some acidic flower fertilizer on the market and use it in the same way. In mid-to-late June, some quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied to promote the formation of flower buds. In late autumn, stop fertilizing to prevent the growth of new buds from affecting the differentiation of flower buds.

Summer management: Rhododendron prefers a cool and humid climate. In summer and autumn, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, and clean water should be sprayed on the branches and leaves and around them. You can also put clean water in a shallow tray, place the flower pot on the tray, and let the flowers slowly absorb water from the bottom of the tray.　

Flowering period regulation: Temperature has a great influence on the formation of azalea flower buds. Generally, flower bud differentiation begins above 15°C, and the suitable temperature is 20°C to 27°C, and the night temperature is kept at around 5°C. Most flower buds need to be treated at a low temperature of 4°C to 7°C for about 30 days before they can bloom. In addition, shading treatment is conducive to the formation and flowering of flower buds.

Rose

Rose, also known as Yueyuehong and Sijiqiangwei, is one of the top ten famous flowers and is known as the "Queen of Flowers". It is also a flower planted all over the world and is the national flower of Italy, Luxembourg, Iraq, Syria and other countries.

Roses prefer an environment with sufficient sunlight, warm and humid environment, fertile soil, good air circulation and drainage.

Winter pruning is important for roses 

If you want the rose to have more flower buds and a longer flowering period next year, you must pay attention to pruning in winter. 

1. Pruning period

Since roses are very sensitive to temperature, pruning is mainly done in winter, from December to February of the following year, after they enter dormancy and before they sprout. The main purpose of winter pruning is to shape the tree and control its height, so most of them use medium pruning, also called "pruning".

 2. Pruning method

1. Promote the development of strong branches and cultivate new branches. Every normally developed rose branch will bloom at the end. If it is not pruned, it will lead to tender, weak, short branches, small flowers, poor flower shape and color after a certain period of time. At the same time, because the sap tends to converge on the new buds, the strong buds in the middle and lower parts of the branches have not developed. When pruning, it should be cut 0.5 cm above the first and second buds above the base of the flower branch or at a distance equal to the length of the branch diameter, parallel to the bud and inclined at 45 degrees. Pay attention to keeping the buds facing outward as much as possible to reduce the chance of branches crossing.

2. Reshape the tree and control its height. If the branches inside the crown are left unattended, they will be thin and weak, flowering will be poor, and ventilation will be poor, which will encourage the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. When pruning, cut off these thin and weak branches, cross branches inside and outside, dead branches and blind branches.

Only by pruning roses in winter can they retain nutrients, grow thick branches and bloom bright flowers in the next year.

Crape Myrtle

Crape myrtle is also known as 100-day red, Thousand-day red, etc. It is native to the middle Yangtze River basin, Southeast Asia and Oceania, and is now cultivated in both the north and the south.

The trunk of the crape myrtle is smooth, and the most interesting thing is that "the whole tree moves when you touch its branches". The thick trunk will tremble with a finger, just like a ticklish person will laugh and tremble when being tickled, so it is also called the ticklish tree and ticklish flower. The crape myrtle blooms from summer to autumn, and some bloom for nearly 140 days. What is precious is that in August when the flowers have withered, the branches are still full of flowers, so it is known as "hundred-day red" and "thousand-day red". The crape myrtle tree is a long-lived tree, and some can be hundreds of years old.

Crape myrtle is very adaptable. It grows luxuriantly in southern China and can overwinter in the open field in northern China. It likes a warm and humid climate, can tolerate heat and cold, can tolerate drought, but avoids waterlogging. Crape myrtle likes light and can grow in shaded places without luxuriant flowers.

Poinsettia

Poinsettia has aliases such as Christmas flower, ivory red, and old age beauty. It is native to Mexico and America.

Poinsettia likes warmth and is suitable for planting in loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam. Poinsettia is a short-day plant. If the light is 8 or 9 hours a day and the temperature is 20°C, it will bloom in about 50 days. Poinsettia is afraid of drought and waterlogging. Cutting propagation is generally carried out in May and June, using tender branches for cuttings, and roots will take about 30 days. It is a strong positive flower and grows under the scorching sun in summer. It has a short-day habit. After shading for 14 hours, it will bloom in about 45-60 days. It is not cold-resistant and should be placed in a greenhouse at about 5°C. The growth temperature is 18-20°C. During the growing period (especially in summer), it needs to be watered enough and ventilated. Generally, fertilizer is applied once every 2 weeks.

Hemerocallis

Daylily is a perennial herbaceous flower that is widely known in China. Wild daylilies are widely distributed in most parts of the north. The flowers are mostly yellow and edible. The flower language of daylilies is: hidden love, forget worries, and cure sorrow.

Triploid is a new term that was born with the development and application of biological genetic technology. The triploid daylily obtained by applying genetic technology to improve the native daylily is not only an update of the term, but also gives this traditional flower variety new traits and a youthful charm.

The triploid large-flowered daylily is very individual. There are many varieties and colors, with more than 20 varieties. There are even multi-colored flowers. Red Hongyun, light pink Fenxiuke, pink Dongfangbubai, yellow Jinxingwawa. There are many shapes of flowers, including single-petal Jixing, double-petal Cream Roll, and Shaman with reversed petals.

The triploid large-flowered daylily blooms new flowers every day from May to September. It can adapt to a variety of soil environments, and can grow well in saline-alkali land, gravel land, and barren wasteland. It is resistant to pests and diseases, and has a strong tolerance to noise and dust. It is drought-resistant, semi-shade-resistant, and water-resistant.

Cyclamen

Cyclamen has other names such as Radish Begonia and Rabbit Ear Flower. In Western countries, it is also known as the Devil-Removing Flower and the Madonna Flower. It is native to Persia and was introduced to China not long ago. Cyclamen is the Christmas flower in Western countries and the national flower of San Marino. In Europe, cyclamen means "parting".

Cyclamen is afraid of cold and heat, and prefers a warm and humid environment and sandy soil rich in humus and good drainage. The most suitable temperature is 15-20℃.

 Primulaceae, Cyclamen, perennial herb. The corm (tuber) is fleshy, oblate, brown-red, with pedicels growing from the leaf clusters, solitary, buds drooping, and the flowers are shaped like rabbits; the colors are red, pink, orange-red, magenta, white, and bicolor; the flowering period is from December to May of the following year. Rabbit flower is a famous potted flower. For perennial cultivation, after dormancy in summer every year, the pot should be turned over and the soil should be changed. The method is the same as potting. Light: positive, sufficient sunlight should be maintained, but it should be blocked in late spring and summer. General temperature: likes warmth, but cool in summer. It is difficult to cultivate in hot summer. Generally, it is better to place the pot sideways in a sheltered, cool, and ventilated place. The suitable temperature for growth is 16-18℃. Watering should be done to keep the soil surface near the root system moist, and try to keep the leaf surface dry. Cultivation points to promote flowering: timely potting; properly dry the soil in autumn and winter; control the speed reduction and apply less nitrogen fertilizer.

　　Cyclamen persicum Mill., also known as Radish Sea, Rabbit Ear Flower, and Yipinguan, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Cyclamen with oblate fleshy bulbs. The leaves are clustered at the top of the bulb, with long stalks and nearly heart-shaped; the surface is green with silvery white spots. The flowers are single axillary; the pedicels are slender and 15-20 cm high; the flowers are slightly drooping, and the petals are curled outwards in a monk-like shape; there are white, pink, magenta, purple-red and other colors, as well as types and varieties with serrated edges and fragrance. The capsule is spherical and contains many seeds. The flowering period is from autumn to spring. It is native to southern Europe, Tunisia, and the Near East. It likes warm and humid climates and fertile, loose, well-drained sandy loam. It avoids high temperature and high humidity in summer, and likes cool and dry conditions during the dormant period; it is a semi-cold-resistant bulb flower. 　　Cyclamen is a winter-growing and flowering flower, and the minimum temperature should be kept above 12 ℃ for cultivation. It is one of the important greenhouse flowers and is deeply loved. South China has a short low temperature period in winter, so it can be used as a rock garden for outdoor cultivation. 　　Cultivation and management: It can be propagated by sowing or dividing the bulbs. Sowing can be done in spring and autumn, but September is the best time. The sowing soil should be fertile, loose and well-drained: after sowing, it should be placed in a temperature of 18-20 ℃ and kept dark, and it will germinate in about 4-5 weeks. If the seeds are soaked in 30 ℃ warm water for 2-3 hours before sowing, it can promote germination and can be unearthed about half a month earlier. After germination, the pot should be moved to a place with sufficient light and watered sufficiently to keep it moist and not dry. When the seedlings have 3 true leaves, they should be transplanted and planted in time; when transplanting, the distance between plants should be about 5 cm, and attention should be paid to the planting depth. Generally, the unearthed seedlings will quickly form small bulbs. When planting, they should not be buried in the soil, but exposed 2/3; to protect the bulbs and prevent aging, charcoal chips or moss can be placed around them, which can also promote the rapid growth of the bulbs. When the seedlings grow 7-8 leaves, they can be planted in pots. When planting, 2/3 of the bulbs should be buried in the soil; the potting soil also requires fertile, well-drained neutral soil or slightly alkaline, slightly acidic soil (pH 6.5-7.5). After planting, the plant grows faster, and special attention should be paid to ventilation. The potting soil should not be too wet, but the air humidity should be high. Split propagation is generally carried out after the autumn dormancy period: cut the old bulbs into two or four petals with a sharp knife. When cutting, the cutting position should be selected in advance so that each petal has a terminal bud. After cutting, apply plant ash on the cut surface wound, then plant, and water again after 1 day to prevent the wound from rotting. However, because splitting the bulbs is difficult to operate, and the growth and flowering are not as good as sowing, it is often not used. Cyclamen bears fruit after flowering, and the fruit matures in May and June. Seeds should be collected when the fruit begins to turn from green to yellow, and cannot be collected after the capsule cracks, because once cracked, the seeds are very easy to fall. The harvested seed tips are stored in a cold place, generally at 2 °C , and can germinate well for 4.5 years. In order to make the seed varieties pure, different varieties should be separated during flowering, and artificial assisted pollination should be carried out. Healthy plants should be selected as parents, and cross-pollination of the same variety should be carried out.

Cyclamen is a perennial bulbous flower of the Primulaceae family. It has an oblate fleshy bulb. The old bulb is purple-black brown and covered with cork. The top of the bulb is a very short stem, where the leaves are attached. The leaves are clustered and heart-shaped and oval. There are white net patterns on the leaves and the edges are serrated. The petiole and pedicel are reddish brown. The flowers are large, solitary and drooping. The petals are curled back like rabbit ears, so it is also called rabbit ear flower. The flower colors are white, pink, crimson, red, purple, etc. The flowering period is winter and spring, and the best viewing period is February to April. The capsule is 5-lobed and dark red.

Cyclamen is native to Greece, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea. It likes plenty of sunlight and a warm, humid environment, but avoids heat and waterlogging. 10-20℃ is its suitable temperature. It is prone to leaf fall and dormancy at temperatures above 30℃, and its bulbs are susceptible to frost damage at temperatures below 5℃. Therefore, it needs to be grown in a greenhouse in winter, and requires loose, fertile, and well-drained soil. Its cultivation techniques are:

1. Breeding Methods

It is mainly propagated by sowing, and can also be propagated by dividing the bulb. Sowing propagation is usually suitable from early September to mid-October. Sowing too early will affect growth and the bulb will bloom before it is small; sowing too late will affect germination due to low temperature. Because its seeds are large, it is advisable to soak them in clean water for 24 hours before sowing to accelerate germination. Soak the sowing soil and sowing pot before sowing. Soak the pot after sowing and place it in a dark place at 18-20℃ to germinate. Generally, roots can be formed in two weeks, and a cotyledon can be produced in 4-6 weeks.

2. Cultivation and Management

Generally, the seedlings are divided when they have 2 to 3 leaves, and they are transplanted and repotted when they have 5 to 6 leaves. The pot is determined in September. When transplanting, the roots should be taken with them, and the original soil should not be shaken off. The depth of the soil pot should be such that 1/3 to 1/2 of the bulb is exposed outside the soil. Water appropriately after planting, and pay attention to shading. Cyclamen seedlings grow slowly, and the peak growth period is from March to June of the following year. During this period, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, and liquid fertilizer should be applied twice a month. When the topsoil is dry, water it thoroughly, but do not water or fertilize the leaves and bulbs to prevent rot. The temperature during the growth period is preferably around 18°C. Too high a temperature will cause the small bulbs to dormant and prevent flowering that year. After October, the temperature drops and the plant is moved indoors, placed in a sunny place, and the room temperature is maintained at 10 to 18°C. Pay attention to keeping the pot soil moist, but avoid excessive humidity. Do not fertilize during the flowering period to prevent affecting the life of the flowers.

3. Spend the summer safely

Cyclamen likes cool and humid climates, and will enter dormancy when the temperature is above 30℃. The climate is hot in summer, and if the ventilation conditions are poor, the bulbs are prone to rot. Therefore, the one-year-old cyclamen seedlings should be placed in a cool, ventilated and rain-proof place, and they should be sprayed and watered frequently, shaded and cooled to create a cool environment to promote their growth. For old bulbs over two years old, they should be placed on the north balcony, windowsill or under the eaves with shade in summer to keep the pot soil moist and ventilated. In this way, after repotting and replanting, they can quickly sprout and grow leaves, bloom early and bloom more.

Dormant period maintenance

Cyclamen, also known as rabbit ear flower, radish crabapple, etc., has a peculiar flower shape. When blooming, the perianth curls upward, the flowers and leaves are admired together, the flower colors are rich, the varieties are diverse, and the flowering period can be from winter to summer, which is deeply loved by people. Since cyclamen is native to the Mediterranean coast, it is dormant under hot conditions in summer, so it requires a fresh and mild growth environment, avoids extreme heat, fears waterlogging, and likes loose sandy loam. Whether it is family self-cultivation or professional production, it is necessary to pay attention to the two key links of summer maintenance and autumn cultivation, otherwise it is easy to have rotten bulbs after flowering, miss the best growth period, and make the flowers not bright or the flowering period unstable. To ensure that cyclamen safely spend the summer and autumn, the following measures should be taken: 　　1. Water, fertilizer, light and temperature control before summer. In late May, the temperature rises to below 28 ℃ , and the light gradually increases, especially in the greenhouse, the light and temperature rise phenomenon appears earlier. Under these conditions, the lower leaves of cyclamen will turn yellow, the heart leaves will shrink, and the petioles will wilt and droop, but this is not caused by lack of water or fertilizer. Therefore, do not water or apply concentrated fertilizer, otherwise, the bulbs will easily rot. In late May, ventilation and shading measures should be taken in time to reduce light and temperature, reduce watering, keep the pot soil half dry and half wet, and gradually reduce temperature and humidity. For mass production, greenhouses with shading nets can be used. If you raise it at home, move the flower pots to a cool place to put the cyclamen into summer dormancy. However, the small bulbs of the same year should be allowed to grow normally and not dormant. 　　2. Maintenance during dormancy. From mid-June to mid-August is the summer dormancy period of cyclamen. A ventilated and cool environment should be maintained. The bulbs do not need to be removed and placed together. They can be placed in the original pots. During the dormancy period, the pot surface should be sprayed with 500 times Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim once in mid-June. The soil should be kept moist in the upper half. Water should be sprayed on the pot surface every 3 days. At the same time, insects, rats and artificial squeezing of bulbs should be prevented, and weak light treatment should be adopted on a daily basis. No fertilizer is needed. Check the bulbs regularly to see if they are shrunk or have diseases and pests. Take timely measures if problems are found. 　　3. Autumn maintenance and management. In late August, the temperature drops, the buds at the top of the cyclamen bulb base begin to sprout, and the leaf bracts change color and elongate. At this time, measures such as repotting, fertilizing, watering, and exposure to light should be taken. Repotting generally does not increase the size of the pot, but large bulbs can be enlarged by one size. Generally, a 16-cm pot is sufficient for bulbs about 3 cm. The culture soil uses 3 parts of humus soil, 1 part of organic fertilizer, and 1 part of river sand to make the culture soil loose, fertile, and permeable. When changing the soil, remove the original soil without hurting the fibrous roots, remove the dead leaves, and place the bulbs in the center of the pot. It is better to bury the bulbs to a depth of 1/2 to 1/3. It is not good to bury the bulbs completely or let them float on the surface. After watering thoroughly, properly straighten the seedlings, fill the soil so that 1/2 to 1/3 of the bulbs are exposed to the soil surface, and place them in a cool place for 5 to 7 days, and then gradually expose them to light and increase humidity. When the cotyledons grow to 1 cm, you can apply foliar fertilizer or liquid fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer uses urea and diammonium phosphate 0.1% each, sprayed alternately, or poured into the soil, but not onto the bulbs. When flower buds appear in late October, it is best to use liquid fertilizer. Applying diammonium phosphate 2 cm around the bulbs also has a good effect and is conducive to the formation and growth of flower buds. It 　　is also very important to maintain it before flowering. If the leaves do not grow well, good flowers will not bloom. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer in November is also prone to leggy growth. Only leaves grow, no flowers, or more leaves and fewer flowers. When this phenomenon occurs, the three factors of water, fertilizer, and light must be adjusted in time: first, spray water on the leaves and the ground when it is dry and wet; second, apply enough phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and apply nitrogen fertilizer appropriately; third, sufficient light; fourth, when removing the central leggy leaves, small leaves, and excess leaves, you can also pull the leaves outward to expose the center of the bulb to light, so as to facilitate the rapid formation of flower buds and ensure a concentrated flowering period. 　　4. Disease and insect control. Cyclamen is not seriously affected by pests and diseases. As long as the dormant period is handled well, no major pests and diseases will occur. Soil disinfection should be done to prevent soil bacteria from infecting the bulbs. Generally, the soil should be exposed to the sun for 1 week when preparing the culture soil, or mixed with insecticides and fungicides. Leaf diseases often occur during the growth period, and carbendazim and mancozeb can be sprayed regularly to prevent and control them. For red spider mites, chemicals and physical methods can be used to kill them. Chemicals such as acaricides, dichlorvos and omethoate mixed spray (1000 times liquid) are also very effective, or cotton balls dipped in 500 times liquid laundry detergent or 800 times liquid cigarette butt water are also effective.

Basic habits: Likes a warm, cool and humid environment.  Temperature: Suitable growth temperature is 10-20°C. Growth is slow below 5°C, freezing damage occurs at 0°C, and growth stops above 30°C, and the plant is dormant.  Light: Likes light, and should be exposed to the sun as much as possible below 28°C.  Water: Keep the pot moist but not too wet to prevent root rot.  Soil: Likes loose, fertile neutral soil, pH value 6-7.  Fertilizer: Do not use too much nitrogen fertilizer. You can use the cyclamen fertilizer sold on the market and use it according to the instructions. You can also use compound fertilizer granules with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 20:20:20 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer.  Cultivation points:  November to March: Cyclamen flowering period. Potted flowers should be placed in front of the south window or in front of the south-facing enclosed balcony 1 meter away from the sun. The room temperature is above 10 °C , keep the pot soil moist, and water once every half a month. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer can keep flowering. In a room without heating facilities, pay attention to prevent low temperature and cold wind. You can cover the pot with a transparent plastic bag and place it in a warm and bright place. When the temperature is high in the middle of the day, open the plastic bag for ventilation. It can bloom in February and March.  April to May The flowering period is about to end. Cut off the remaining flowers as soon as possible and gradually place it outdoors in the sun. Water it once a week with 1% compound fertilizer liquid. New leaves will grow quickly, old leaves will fall off, and the bulbs will also increase. If aphids occur, you can use a brush or cotton swab dipped in water to brush them off; if you find that the leaves are wrinkled and yellow, you can use 1 to 2 grams of furadan to bury along the edge of the pot to eliminate root-knot nematodes.  June Water and fertilizer management is the same as in May. When the temperature is high, place it in the shade. Some potted flowers will shed their leaves after flowering and enter a dormant period until September. At this time, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, keep the pot soil slightly moist, and do not fertilize.  July to August The north enters the high temperature season, and water should be controlled and fertilizer should be stopped. Plants that are not dormant should be placed on the east or north facing balcony and exposed to the sun for more than an hour every morning, or they can be placed under the shade of trees. At this time, new leaf buds and flower buds will grow on the top of the bulb. If rot (gray mold) occurs, 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution can be used for spraying and watering.  September Dormant bulbs begin to sprout. Old plants over two years old can be repotted, and newly purchased bulbs are also planted at this time. When planting, first pad 2 to 3 cm thick charcoal slag or ceramsite, coarse gravel at the bottom of the pot, and then add culture soil. Old plants should be planted with soil. After planting, the surface of the pot should be high in the center and low around, with 1/2 of the bulb exposed above the soil surface. Water it thoroughly on the next day and place it in the shade for maintenance. After new buds grow  , light can be increased. October Enters the vigorous growth period and should be maintained in the sun. Use 1% compound fertilizer solution to irrigate once a week, and spray 1%o potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer once. Bring it indoors before the frost falls, and it will bloom in November.  It  is usually propagated by sowing. The soil should be disinfected before sowing, and it should be kept away from light from sowing until the seedlings emerge. It takes more than a month for the seedlings to emerge, and the seedlings grow slowly, and it takes more than a year to bloom. It is best to buy potted flowers directly from reputable florists, which can save a lot of trouble when planting.

tulip

Tulips are relatively cold-resistant and prefer airy, slightly dry, leeward, sunny, and semi-shady environments. They are suitable for growing in humus-rich, well-drained sandy soils. They can withstand temperatures as high as -35°C in winter, with an optimal temperature of 15-18°C, and enter a dormant state in early summer.

  Perennial herb, solitary, large flower, 6 perianths, divided into two whorls, fragrant. Rich in color, including red, orange, yellow, purple, blue, white and complex colors. Flowering period March to May.

Violet

Violets have other names such as grass osmanthus, melon pair, and grass violet. Europeans gave violets names such as "bearded kitten". Violets are native to southern Europe and are one of the famous flowers in Europe. They are widely planted in China.

Violets prefer cool summers, warm winters, moist air and good ventilation, and fertile, loose, moist, but well-drained soil. Its growth period is 100-150 days. It is not advisable to water too frequently during the growth period, but the soil moisture should be maintained.

primrose

Primrose is also known as primrose and annual flower. It is native to China and is mainly distributed in western Sichuan, northern Yunnan and other regions, especially in Yunnan.

Primroses bloom in all colors before winter has completely ended, and are the first to announce the arrival of spring, showing the beauty of spring with "red flowers everywhere and thick green leaves". In 1820, primroses were brought back to London by British merchants and planted in the royal gardens. Since then, they have spread to Europe and America and have been loved by people from all over the world. People have given this flower an interesting nickname - OK.

Primrose is a typical warm temperate plant. It likes warmth but cannot tolerate high temperatures. Its leaves turn red in high temperatures in summer. It should avoid direct sunlight at noon except in winter, but after September, the seedlings need to have sufficient sunlight. It likes coolness but avoids cold and freezing, and needs to overwinter at a temperature above 5°C.

pansy

Pansy is also known as cat face flower, ghost face flower, butterfly flower, and is a beautiful bird that enjoys the title of "girl's flower". It is native to Africa and is widely planted in the United States. Pansy is a perennial herb. Its flower language is: yearning, please miss me, and love confession. Italians regard pansy as an object of "yearning" and "missing", and Cuba and Poland regard pansy as their national flower.

Pansy likes cool and humid climate and is relatively cold-resistant. It likes a sunny and well-ventilated environment, and can grow in slightly shaded places. It is not strict on soil, but it will bloom and grow luxuriantly in fertile, loose, humus-rich soil.

Chlorophytum comosum

    ●Habits and environment: 

It likes warm and humid conditions and semi-shade. Its leaves are sensitive to light. It is afraid of strong light in summer and needs to be kept at a temperature of no less than 10 degrees during the winter. It requires loose and fertile soil. 

   ●Cultivation and propagation: 

Chlorophytum is a fertilizer-tolerant ornamental plant. It needs sufficient fertilizer and water. Fertilize once every ten days during the growing season and once a month in winter. Chlorophytum is easy to plant and grow, and the effect is quick. It is easy to propagate. Generally, the division method is used. From spring to autumn, you can cut the new seedlings on the stolons at any time, use well-drained leaf humus, plant them in a flower pot, water them once a day, and new branches and leaves will grow soon. When the new stems sprout and the tender leaves begin to grow, repot them. Apply thin liquid fertilizer every half a month. Hang it in front of the window or place it on the top of the bookshelf so that its stolons hang down. You can use water close to the room temperature to water the branches and leaves to wash away the dust on the branches and leaves. The room temperature is not lower than 10℃ for normal growth. Repot once in April every spring.

Lighting: Semi-shade is recommended in spring and autumn, sunlight in the morning and evening in summer, and more sunlight in winter. Remove dead leaves along the pot and prune flower stems frequently. Propagate by division. When repotting in spring, lift the plant out to remove old roots, and dig up the overly dense rhizomes and plant them in another pot. 

   ●Common diseases and pests: Anthracnose, Botrytis cinerea. 

   ●Image: The main purpose is to appreciate the leaves, which are green and lush, and the flower stems are peculiar, which is pleasing to the eye. If planted on a strange tree stump in a rock bonsai, it will be more vivid. 

How to prevent the leaf tips of spider plants from drying up 

Chlorophytum, with bright green leaves and orchid-like shape, is a common home foliage flower that people love. In addition, it has the unique effect of purifying indoor air, which brings greater benefits to people. This is one of the important reasons why people like to plant it indoors.

When growing spider plants in pots at home, under normal circumstances, it is common for the leaf tips to dry up and the leaves to gradually lose their luster. In order to properly maintain and manage the spider plants, the following measures need to be taken.

Repotting and repotting For potted spider plants, the soil and pot should be changed once in March every year to ensure lush stems and leaves. If the pot is deep and the base fertilizer is sufficient, the pot can be repotted once every two years. When repotting, knock the plant out of the pot, cut off the dead and rotten roots and excess roots, replace with new humus-rich culture soil, and then apply livestock hoof horn slices or decomposed cake fertilizer as base fertilizer. After planting, place it in a semi-shaded and warm place to slow down the seedlings. The most suitable growth temperature for spider plants is about 25℃. After the plant resumes healthy growth, hang the flower pot under the eaves of the corridor or in an appropriate position indoors. Generally, the height should not hit the head, and attention should be paid to ventilation.

Appropriate light Chlorophytum likes semi-shaded environment. In spring and autumn, it should avoid strong direct sunlight. In summer, the sunlight is particularly strong and can only see some oblique light in the morning and evening. During the day, 50%-70% of the sunlight needs to be blocked, otherwise the tip of the leaf will dry up. Especially for variegated varieties, they are more afraid of strong sunlight. Chlorophytum with golden edges will grow more beautiful in places with weak light, with more obvious yellow golden edges and brighter leaves. But in winter, it should be exposed to more sunlight to keep the leaves tender and fresh green. Chlorophytum in pots at home should be placed in front of the south window, otherwise the leaves will lose their luster and even wither. 　　Appropriate fertilization Chlorophytum is a foliage plant that is more tolerant to fertilizer. If there is insufficient fertilizer and water, it is easy to burn and age, and the leaves will turn yellow and lose their ornamental value. From late spring to early autumn, organic fertilizer liquid can be applied every 7-10 days, but for variegated varieties such as golden edges and golden hearts, less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to prevent the color of the flowers and leaves from fading or even disappearing, affecting the appearance. You can apply appropriate amounts of fermented organic fertilizers such as bone meal and eggshells. After they are fully fermented, take an appropriate amount of diluted liquid and apply it once every 10-15 days to make the flowers and leaves bright and colorful.

Watering properly Chlorophytum likes a humid environment. Keep the soil moist at all times. Water it adequately in summer. Spray water on the branches and leaves around noon and in the evening to prevent the leaves from drying up. There is often a lot of dust indoors. If there is a lot of dust on Chlorophytum, it will not only affect its growth, but also damage the freshness and beauty of the branches and leaves. Therefore, spray and wash the branches and leaves frequently to keep them bright and beautiful. Remove the dead and yellow leaves at the bottom at any time. Keep the humidity normal at ordinary times. It should not be too dry or too wet.  

Cymbidium

Jianlan File: Jianlan is also known as "Four Seasons Orchid".

   ●Habits and environment 

It likes warm and humid environment, half shade and half sun. It has poor cold tolerance, and its life will be in danger if the temperature is below 3 degrees during the winter. It is afraid of strong light, waterlogging and drought. It likes to take root and bloom in loose, fertile and well-ventilated leaf mold. 

   ●Cultivation and propagation 

For potted plants, the soil should be moist but not waterlogged, and water should not accumulate at the roots. In summer, the leaves should be sprayed with water more often. Fertilize once every half a month during the growing season, and cover the area when the sun is strong in midsummer. Keep warm in winter, and often use division for propagation, which can be done in spring and autumn. 

   ●Common diseases and pests: anthracnose, black spot, scale insects. 

   ●Image: The leaves are slender, the color is bright, and the combination of leaves and flowers gives the feeling of a graceful lady. Jianlan is a precious variety, but it is delicate. It is suitable for balconies, living rooms, steps, etc. It looks fresh and elegant. 

Whelan

Huilan Profile: Huilan is also called "Xia Lan".

   ●Habits and environment 

It likes warm, humid and semi-shaded environment. It is afraid of water, drought and cold. If the temperature is below 5 degrees Celsius, it will be in danger of death. It likes to grow in loose and breathable leaf humus soil. 

  ●Cultivation and propagation 

Potted Huilan sprouts new roots in spring, the soil should be dry, and the fleshy growth is vigorous in summer. It is advisable to water more and spray more water on the leaves, but avoid showers. Fertilize once a week during the growing season and once every half a month in autumn. Fertilize must be applied in the evening on sunny days. Division and sowing can be used for propagation, generally once every 3-4 years. 

●Common diseases and pests: Anthracnose, whitefly. 

●Image: The leaves are tall, slender and powerful, and the flowers are elegant and rich. If you are a man who is afraid of your wife, you can raise this orchid. Looking at the leaves of Huilan can make you more courageous. Potted plants are very elegant and unrestrained when used in the living environment.

Oncidium

Oncidium file: Also known as "Tumor Orchid" and "Golden Butterfly Orchid". Native to Central America.

   ●Habits and environment: 

Although it comes from the other side of the earth, its latitude is the same as that of orchids, so it has the same environmental requirements as orchids. 

   ●Cultivation and propagation: 

Potted plants are best made of a mixture of fern roots, mosses, bark pieces and sand. Fertilize once every half a month during the growing season. Shade in summer and expose to sunlight in winter. Use a rack to support the flowers when they are growing. Division is commonly used. Repot and divide before budding in spring. Cut off the pseudobulb with two buds and plant it directly in a pot filled with sphagnum moss. Keep the air humidity to survive. 

   ●Common diseases and pests: soft rot, scale insects. 

●Image: The flower has a unique shape like a flying butterfly and bright colors. It is one of the precious internationally renowned cut flower brands. Because of its good image and elegant temperament, it is often used in high-end flower baskets, vases, etc.

Chunlan and its cultivation techniques (picture )

1. Habits and distribution

Spring orchids are commonly known as grass orchids or mountain orchids. They have fleshy roots and bulbous pseudobulbs. The leaves are clustered and tough, about 20 to 25 cm long, narrow and pointed, with rough edges. Around the spring equinox, flower stalks emerge from the roots, with white membranous bracts on the stalks and a flower on the top. There are many precious varieties with strong fragrance.

Spring orchid is a common original species of terrestrial orchid, mostly produced in temperate zones, mainly distributed in China, and is a specialty of China. It is mostly grown in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Gansu, Taiwan and other places. Orchid is one of China's famous flowers, with a long history of cultivation. It is mostly potted for indoor viewing. It has a particularly elegant fragrance when it blooms, and it blooms all year round, so it is a good choice for indoor decoration. Its roots, leaves and flowers can all be used as medicine.

2. Planting technology

1. Choose the soil for the pot

Planting spring orchids should be done in late autumn. Before planting, it is advisable to use a new clay pot that has been soaked in clean water for several hours. If you use a purple clay pot or a plastic pot, you need to pay attention to drainage. The size of the pot should be suitable for the roots to stretch in the pot. Orchid mud is the most ideal culture soil, or you can use a mixture of half leaf mold (or humus soil) and half sandy loam. Avoid using alkaline soil.

2. Put it in the basin

First, place tiles on the drainage holes at the bottom of the pot (preferably 3 drainage holes), then place gravel, slag, etc., about 1/5 of the pot, and then place a layer of coarse sand on top, and then put in the culture soil. It is best to put the orchid seedlings in the pot, straighten the roots, and let them stretch naturally. When the soil is half filled, gently lift the orchid seedlings and shake the flower pot at the same time to make the orchid roots and pot soil tightly combined, and continue to fill the soil to the edge of the pot and press it tightly. Leave a 3 cm edge on the top for fertilization and watering.

3. Shade

After potting, water thoroughly and place in a shaded place. Keep indoors in early spring and winter, and place under a shade shed at other times. Shade from 8 am to 6 pm in summer. The shade degree of spring orchids should be about 90% in summer. About 70% to 80% is enough in spring and autumn.

4. Watering 

Orchid leaves have thicker cuticles and sunken pores, which are more drought-resistant. Therefore, they do not need much water. It is better to keep the orchid soil "70% dry and 30% wet". In general, water once every 2 to 3 days in spring. After flowering, the pot soil should be kept slightly dry. After April, the pot soil should be kept slightly moist. In summer, when the temperature is high, water once a day. In autumn, it is better to see dry and wet. In winter, water less. During the bud formation period of spring orchids, it is better to keep them moist, but not too wet. In drought and hot seasons, spray the ground around the flower pot in the evening to increase the humidity of the air.

5. Fertilization

Orchids should not be fertilized with concentrated fertilizers. New orchids should not be fertilized in the first year. Fertilizers can be applied after 1-2 years of cultivation when new roots are growing vigorously. Generally, from April to the beginning of autumn, fully decomposed thin cake fertilizer water should be applied once every 15-20 days. In the hot summer, stop fertilizing. The best time to fertilize is in the evening. When fertilizing, avoid liquid fertilizer contaminating the leaves.

6. Sparse buds

After the buds appear, it is advisable to keep one bud with the best development and the best ornamental value, and remove all the others, so that the flowers can be large and beautiful. The flowers and flower stalks can be cut off about 10 to 14 days after the spring orchid blooms. Do not wait until the flowers fall naturally before cutting, so as to reduce nutrient consumption and facilitate flowering next year.　　　 

Pothos 

  It is a perennial vine foliage plant of the genus Araceae. It is a vine plant with aerial roots on the stem nodes, which can climb up other objects and grow upward. There are irregular yellow spots or patches on the leaves. The leaf sizes vary due to differences in cultivation conditions (especially fertilizer and water conditions), and there is no distinction between large-leaf and small-leaf varieties. It likes high temperatures and semi-resistance environments and is not cold-resistant; the suitable temperature for growth is 15-25℃, and the wintering temperature is 10℃. It can also tolerate a relatively dry environment, and still grows well when the air humidity is 40%-50%; it does not have high requirements for soil, but fertile and active soil with good excretion is preferred.

Green Dream is also known as Pothos and Golden Pothos . It is native to the Yuanmen Islands. In tropical areas, it often climbs and grows on rocks and tree trunks in rain forests, and can grow into a huge vine. The stem can be up to ten meters long or longer, with many branches and very large leaves, which can be up to 60 cm long. However, if it is potted indoors without a support and allowed to grow hanging, the leaves are only about 10 cm long. People who are not familiar with it often mistake the two for different species. The horticultural varieties include "Golden Queen", the yellow part on the leaves is mostly green, and the ornamental effect is good, and "Maber Queen", the leaves are nearly milky white with a few green spots.

Cultivation points:

1. Temperature. It likes a warm environment; the lowest temperature for wintering is 0-13℃; the lowest temperature for silver radish is 16℃.

2. Light. It likes a semi-shady environment and can grow well in a bright room; excellent variegated varieties are prone to die in weak light conditions. Pothos is a shade-bearing plant and avoids direct sunlight. It likes scattered light and is relatively shade-tolerant. It can be placed near a window for indoor cultivation, but avoid direct sunlight. Too much sunlight will burn the leaves of Pothos, and too much shade will make the beautiful patterns on the leaves disappear. Usually, Pothos grows best when it receives four hours of scattered light.

3. Water. There should be sufficient water in the potting soil in spring, summer and autumn. Water when the surface of the potting soil becomes dry 1-2cm; watering should be reduced in winter when the temperature is low.

4. Air temperature: It likes high temperature and humidity; spray water on the plants frequently throughout the year.

5. Repotting: Repotting should be done in spring as needed. Pothos grows best in loose, slightly acidic and neutral sandy loam that is rich in organic matter. You can use 70% leaf humus, 20% red soil, and 10% rapeseed cake and bone meal to make a mixture. Repotting should be done every three years.

6. Reproduction. It is easy to root in spring and summer with branch poles; totem poles must be used with pre-pointed poles with large leaves, so that they can be formed faster.  Usually, the propagation of green radish adopts cuttings and buried stems. Select a strong green radish vine, cut it into two sections, be careful not to hurt the aerial roots, and then insert it into plain sand or coal slag, the depth is 1/3 of the cuttings, sprinkle enough water and place it in a shaded place, spray water on the leaves every day or cover them with plastic film to keep them moist. As long as the environment is kept at no less than 20, the survival rate is above 90%.

The fertilization of green radish is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by potassium fertilizer. Before the growth period of green radish in spring, apply 0.3% solution of ammonium sulfate or urea once every 10 days or so, and use 0.5‰-1‰ urea solution as foliar fertilizer once, which can not only meet the growth needs of green radish, but also keep the leaves green and bright. Fertilization should be stopped in winter.

Golden Pothos is mainly propagated by cuttings. In addition, it can also be propagated by water cuttings, that is, cutting off the stem nodes with aerial roots and inserting them into the water. When the aerial roots adapt to the water environment, they will begin to sprout and grow, but the water quality must be kept clean. Golden Pothos potted plants can be made of equal amounts of garden soil and leaf humus as the substrate. Do not water too much during the seedling stage to avoid rot at the root neck; water or spray fully during the growth period. Generally, liquid fertilizer is applied once every two weeks to ensure vigorous growth. Except for the summer when the sun is too strong and shade should be provided, it should be exposed to as much sunlight as possible during the rest of the period to make its internodes full and the leaves dark green. If the light is too weak, the stripes on the leaf surface will also easily become less or disappear. It can be cultivated as a totem pole, allowing it to climb and grow, and used to decorate the corner of the wall or the corner of the desk or coffee table; it can also be used as a hanging decoration to decorate the wall, window sill, balcony, etc. It is shade-tolerant and is an excellent material for beautifying the room. Placing it indoors can make the room full of vitality.

Maidenhair fern

  It is a perennial herbaceous foliage plant of the genus Adiantum in the family Adiantum. It is an indicator plant for calcareous soil and limestone in warm temperate, subtropical and tropical climate zones. Its ecological habit is to like warm, humid and semi-shady environment. The maidenhair fern is mainly propagated by division. Division should be combined with repotting before the new buds sprout in spring. In addition, the spores of the maidenhair fern are scattered in a warm and humid environment after maturity to reproduce and grow on their own. When it grows to a certain length, it can also be potted. The maidenhair fern likes loose, permeable, fertile and active calcareous sandy loam. When potted, the culture soil can be made of loam, leaf humus and river sand in equal amounts. Apply liquid fertilizer once every two weeks during the growing season. In the dry season, you can often sprinkle water on the ground around the plant to increase the air humidity. The maidenhair fern likes bright scattered light and avoids direct sunlight. It likes warmth and cold resistance. The suitable temperature for growth is 13-22℃, and the wintering temperature is 5℃. It likes shade, has strong adaptability, is easy to cultivate, and is more suitable for indoor perennial potted viewing. As a small potted shade-loving foliage plant, it is superior to asparagus fern in many ways.

Araucaria

  Araucaria is a green tree of the genus Araucaria in the family Araucariaceae. The trunk is upright, the side branches are flat, the layers are clear, and the shape is pyramidal. It likes warmth and humidity, likes light, avoids direct sunlight, and is afraid of cold. It is suitable for growing in well-drained, fertile and active sandy loam. Araucaria is propagated by sowing or cuttings. The cuttings must be terminal buds, not side branches; the seedlings of side branch cuttings cannot stand upright, the branches will grow obliquely, and cannot form a party shape. Potted Araucaria can use 3 parts of peat soil or leaf mold plus 1 part of river sand as the substrate, and add a small amount of decomposed base fertilizer. Generally, fertilize 2-3 times a month during the growing season to ensure that the leaves are dark green. It likes the sun, so it must be given sufficient light during the growing season, but it must be prevented from being exposed to the sun; bright scattered light must also be given in other seasons. As an indoor ornamental plant, it should be regularly moved to a suitable environment for rotation maintenance, and the doors should be rotated at the same time to avoid uneven light and uneven plant shape. When the temperature is high and dry, spray water on the plant and the surrounding environment to reduce the temperature and increase the humidity. The pot soil can be kept moist at ordinary times. Because it is easy to cultivate and can achieve good ornamental effects with extensive management, it is widely used in indoor and outdoor greening decoration.

Rubber Tree

The rubber tree, also known as the Indian banyan, is an evergreen woody foliage plant of the genus Ficus in the Moraceae family. It likes high temperature, humidity, and a sunny environment. It can also withstand resistance, but it is not cold-resistant. Rubber trees are often propagated by cuttings and high pressure. Cutting propagation is relatively simple, very easy to survive and grow fast. It is usually carried out in late spring and early summer in combination with pruning. When potting rubber trees, it is appropriate to use January leaf humus, 1 part garden soil and 1 part river sand, and add a small amount of base fertilizer to make a culture soil. It grows very fast in a hot and humid environment. Generally, liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer is applied 1-2 times a month, while maintaining a high soil humidity. The rubber tree likes strong sunlight. It should be cultivated in the sun throughout the growing season from spring to autumn. It should be placed in a place with strong light in winter, but it can also withstand resistance and grows better under low light indoors. It has a high ornamental value and is a famous potted foliage plant. Although the rubber tree likes the sun, it is resistant to resistance and has strong adaptability to light, so it is very suitable for indoor beautification. Small and medium-sized plants are often used to beautify living rooms and study rooms; medium and large plants are suitable for arrangement on both sides of the foyers and in the center of the lobby of large buildings, appearing majestic and spectacular, reflecting the tropical scenery.

Reproduction method: Rubber tree is mainly propagated by cuttings. Both tender branches and old branches can be inserted alive. Each section has 3 to 4 nodes. Remove the lower leaves and tie the top two leaves together to reduce transpiration. Seal the incision with plant ash or clay to prevent the latex from flowing out. It is better to take cuttings from May to September. The hot summer is easy to cause the cuttings to rot. The best cutting medium is river sand plus peat. The cuttings are inserted into the soil about 1/2 deep and placed under the shade for maintenance. The suitable temperature is 25℃. It can take root in potted plants in 4 to 6 weeks. Weak species or horticultural varieties can be propagated by layering. Peel the stem ring and wrap it with moss to keep it moist. It can take root in about 3 to 4 weeks and be potted after cutting. You can also use the water insertion method. Bundle 10 cuttings together, insert 1/3 of the water, change the water once a day, and take root after 50 days. 

Cultivation and maintenance: The potting soil is made of peat, leaf humus, 1/4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer. Rubber trees grow fast and like fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer is applied once a week, and watering is based on the growth of rubber trees. The hot and humid growing season is the fastest growing period for rubber trees, and sufficient water must be guaranteed. Gradually reduce fertilization and irrigation in autumn. Enter the medium-temperature greenhouse in mid-October and keep the temperature above 10°C. Long-term low temperature and wet potting soil can easily cause root rot. It can be maintained outdoors from the end of April to the beginning of October. Rubber trees grow fast, and the tree shape needs to be controlled by pruning. After the cuttings are potted, keep one side branch on the upper part to extend the main trunk, and cut off the side branches below. After the seedlings are formed, strengthen water and fertilizer management, and prune the seedlings at a height of about 80 to 100 cm to promote the growth of 3 to 5 side branches. The side branches will be pruned once a year to form a round and plump tree. If cultivated and maintained well, it can grow into a large plant of 2 meters in three years. 

Money Tree

Commonly known as the fortune tree, it is a tropical foliage plant of the genus Castanea in the family Bombacaceae. Malabar chestnut is an evergreen tree that likes high temperature and semi-shady environment. Its swollen stem can store water and nutrients, so it has strong resistance to adversity, drought tolerance, shade tolerance, low soil requirements, and is easy to cultivate. Malabar chestnut is mostly propagated by sowing, and can also be propagated by cuttings, but the base of the cuttings will not swell. Generally, loose garden soil plus a small amount of compound fertilizer is used as the matrix. Malabar chestnut has strong adaptability, likes light and can tolerate shade. It should be blocked in summer and 50% of the light can be maintained. The suitable temperature for its growth is 20-30℃, and it can adapt to temperatures as low as 10℃, but the temperature should not be lower than 5℃, otherwise it is easy to suffer from cold damage. During the growing period, the pot soil should be kept moist, and it should not be watered unless it is dry. It should also be sprayed appropriately when the air is dry on sunny days. During the growing season, cake fertilizer water or compound fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times a month, and an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied at the same time to promote the expansion of the base of the stem. It has strong adaptability to light, is relatively shade-tolerant, and is simple to cultivate and maintain, making it extremely suitable for indoor cultivation. It can be used to beautify halls and rooms, adding rich southern coastal scenery, and it also implies good fortune, giving people good wishes.

Hawaiian Coconut

It is a woody foliage plant of the European dwarf palm genus of the palm family. It likes high temperature and high humidity, is shade-tolerant, and is afraid of direct sunlight. Hawaiian coconut can be propagated by sowing and division. Hawaiian coconut potted plants should use a loose, well-ventilated and water-permeable substrate rich in humus. Generally, leaf mold, garden soil, river sand, and a small amount of decomposed organic fertilizer can be mixed and prepared as a culture substrate. During the growing season from March to October, liquid fertilizer or granular compound fertilizer should be applied every 1-2 weeks. The suitable temperature for its growth is 20-30℃, and the wintering temperature is 10℃. During the growing period, the pot soil should be kept moist. Hawaiian coconut growth requires bright scattered light. Generally, placing it in a dark indoor environment for 1-2 months will not have much impact on the plant's ornamental value. It has excellent resistance and is very suitable for indoor cultivation and viewing. It can be used for greening decoration in living rooms, study rooms, conference rooms, offices, etc.

Emerald

It is a perennial evergreen vine foliage plant of the genus Philodendron in the family Araceae. Emerald Philodendron is a creeping species with thick stems and aerial roots on the nodes. Emerald Philodendron and others are mostly native to tropical and subtropical regions of America, and grow on tree trunks and rocks. It likes warm, humid and semi-shady environments. The suitable temperature for growth is 20-28℃, and the wintering temperature is 5℃. Emerald Philodendron is mostly propagated by cuttings, and it is easy to take root in the hot season. The potting medium of Emerald Philodendron is preferably loam rich in humus and well-drained. It can generally be prepared with 1 part of leaf mold, 1 part of garden soil, 1 part of peat soil, a small amount of river sand and base fertilizer. It likes a high temperature and multi-temperature environment, and the pot soil must be kept moist. Pay attention to topdressing during the growing season, generally 1-2 times a month. It likes bright light and avoids strong sunlight. It has strong resistance and is very suitable for indoor decorative cultivation. It is often cultivated in large and medium-sized plants and displayed in halls, conference rooms, offices, etc., which is extremely spectacular.

ivy

Ivy is a perennial evergreen vine foliage plant of the Araliaceae family. Ivy is a typical shade-loving vine plant. It has a strong adaptability to the environment, prefers a relatively cool climate, and has strong cold resistance. It avoids a hot and humid environment, and its growth stagnates when the temperature is above 30°C. It is not strict with light requirements, and can grow and develop in direct sunlight or in a room with insufficient light. Ivy is mainly propagated by cuttings. Ivy is not strict with soil requirements. Generally, loose soil with fertilizer and vitality is used as potting medium. It should be placed under warm light to make the leaves dark green and shiny. Especially the variegated leaf varieties have more beautiful leaves in a light-shaded environment. It must be placed in a cool and ventilated place in the hot summer. If the water is sufficient, the base of the plant is prone to leaf fall; if watered too much, it is also prone to root rot. Generally, proper fertilization should be applied during the growth period, especially in spring and autumn, and liquid fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times a month. As an indoor shade-loving foliage plant potted plant, it can be cultivated in a bright room for a long time. In a dark room, it can grow well as long as there is light. It can be used as a hanging decoration for indoor greening, placed on a high-legged flower stand or the top of a bookcase, giving people a natural and free beauty; it can also be planted in a small pot and placed on a coffee table or desk, which looks elegant in the Qing Dynasty; it can also be planted as a columnar climbing plant, which is full of three-dimensional sense.

Decoration Application:

It relies on aerial roots to climb up. It can be planted near the wall in the courtyard and climb up the wall. The branches and vines hang down, which is unrestrained. It can also be used as a potted plant to decorate the room. 

Habits:

Water Likes moisture, also drought-tolerant, but avoids complete dryness. Fertilizer Likes fertilizer. Fertilize once every half a month in spring and summer. Soil Loose, neutral or acidic soil grows better. Temperature Likes warmth, poor cold resistance, small-leaf varieties can withstand low temperatures of -5℃. Light Extremely shade-tolerant, but can also grow in full light environments. 

Breeding characteristics:

Propagation: Cutting propagation. When propagating cuttings, pay attention to the soil in the bed should not be too wet, shade should be provided in time, the relative humidity of the air should be high, and roots will grow in 20-30 days. The potted plants can be pulled and shaped. In winter, put them in a greenhouse. The humidity of the indoor air should not be too dry, but the soil in the pot should not be too wet. Transplantation can be carried out in early autumn or late spring. The main vine needs to be pruned to promote branching.

Layering is to press soil on the nodes every 10 to 15 cm on the vines that are creeping on the ground, keep the soil moist, and after the nodes take root, cut them off at the internodes in sections of 3 to 5 nodes to stimulate the germination of dormant axillary buds. When the new stems grow to 5 to 8 cm, they can be transplanted into pots.

Phalaenopsis 

  Tropical epiphytic orchid, a variety of species, perennial herb, plant height about 35cm. Pseudobulb is short and thick, spherical. Leaves are wide, thick, leathery, dark in color, arranged in two rows. Polyphyllous, rich in color. Blooms in spring and summer, with a particularly long flowering period.

Propagation by division is done in autumn. Positive and sufficient sunlight are conducive to flowering. It is not cold-resistant and requires more than 10℃ in winter. It likes humid air and high humidity of more than 50%. The soil should be a coarse-grained medium with good drainage, such as tree fern roots. Watering can be slightly less in winter. A 30-10-10 compound fertilizer can be applied during the growing season. After early spring, a 20-30-10 compound fertilizer can be used to promote the formation of flower buds. Fertilization must be thin and frequent, once a week. Do not apply too much fertilizer, otherwise it will damage the roots and cause the death of the plant. The key measures for flowering are: warm, high humidity, and slightly dry in winter.　

hyacinth

The bulb is oblate, with outer membrane bracts in purple, blue, or white. The leaves are basal, linear, slightly concave, fleshy, and numerous. The inflorescence is racemose, with a tubular corolla, recurved petals, many flowers, and dense. The flowering period is April.

 Positive, requires plenty of sunlight, cold-resistant, dormant in summer, preferably cool. The best storage temperature for bulbs is 15~18℃, not higher than 25℃, and requires dryness and ventilation. The soil should be deep, fertile, well-drained, and must be disinfected.

Fuso

   Malvaceae, Hibiscus genus, plant height 70-90cm. The flower colors are red, pink, white, purple, yellow and bicolor. It blooms in spring and summer, and there are flowers to enjoy all year round in warm areas. Hibiscus can also be cultivated into a dwarf potted plant by pruning. Cutting propagation can be carried out by taking young branches in spring and summer. Hibiscus is a long-day flower, suitable for sufficient sunlight, and should also be placed in direct sunlight in summer; it is not cold-resistant, and 12-15℃ is suitable in winter. It is resistant to high temperatures and is not afraid of the heat in summer. During the growing period, especially in summer, watering should be done frequently. Sometimes, potted plants should be watered every day and sprayed on the leaves. From March to August, topdressing should be done once every 2 weeks. Dry soil and lack of fertilizer will cause flower buds to fall off. November to January is the dormant period, and the plant can be pruned, leaving old branches of about 1/3 of the length to facilitate the sprouting of healthier flowering branches in the spring of the following year.

pineapple

Bromeliaceae plants should be placed in a semi-shaded and ventilated place in daily care, and cultivated under scattered light. Strong light can easily burn the leaves and cause spots; but be careful not to place them in too much shade for a long time, as the beautiful color of the leaves will often fade, causing regrets in viewing. The sunlight should be neutral and not direct. They like warmth, and the optimal growth temperature is 16-24℃; below 13℃, the growth is slow, so watering should be reduced. There should be clean water in the leaf cluster, and the roots should be kept moist all year round.

In dry, hot and low-temperature climates, the leaf edges and tips of pineapples are prone to scorching, so keep the soil moist and spray the leaves with water once or twice a day. Fill the cup-shaped area in the center of the leaf seat with water. Bromeliaceae plants are originally parasitic plants with underdeveloped root systems, only small and short roots, so avoid applying too much fertilizer to prevent root rot and yellowing of leaves. Apply thin fertilizer and water. 

Small buds will continue to grow from the leaf axils at the base of the ornamental pineapple. When it grows 5 to 6 leaves, you can cut it and propagate it by cuttings. It will grow roots in about a month. It is best to use loose peat soil, humus soil, and a mixture of tree fern residues for pineapple planting. It is best to use a soil composed of half moss peat and half vermiculite. Propagate by division.

Cultivation and management of colored calla lily 

Colored calla lily is a flower with high economic value. It is deeply loved by Europeans for its elegant appearance. Currently, colored calla lily has become a key flower to be promoted in Taiwan, and the cultivation area is increasing. It is expected that the demand for colored calla lily bulbs will increase exponentially in the next few years, and the price of bulbs will also increase due to the increase in demand. The international growth is also amazing, and the prospects are promising.

Cultivation medium and planting 

First of all, the selection of colored calla lily bulbs is very important. The 1-3 year old bulbs produced by tissue seedlings are the most ideal choice. It is worth noting that bulbs that have been planted for more than three years are susceptible to viruses and have reduced yields. Therefore, bulbs for potted plants or cut flowers should be 1-3 year old. Colored calla lilies can be grown in well-drained and fertile soil. The soil pH should be 6.0-6.5. Similarly, colored calla lilies are also sensitive to soil salt content. When planting colored calla lily bulbs, care should be taken to point the bulb growth point upwards, and the depth of soil covering should be no less than 5cm (for example, in hot seasons, large bulbs +4cm must be planted below 10cm to avoid the upper hot soil, and water immediately after planting). The planting density varies depending on the size of the bulb.

Water, fertilizer and light

Colored calla lilies like water and should be watered regularly in the early growth stage, but do not make the soil muddy. Watering should be done in the morning and in the afternoon if the weather is too hot. Soil covering will help retain moisture and reflect excess heat. Organic fertilizers or slow-release fertilizers are very beneficial to the growth of colored calla lilies. Avoid high nitrogen fertilizers because they will promote vegetative growth and reduce resistance. Water-soluble compound fertilizers can be used. During the growth of bulbs, the air temperature in the greenhouse should be below 25 and the soil temperature should be below 23. The ideal daytime temperature is 18~25 and the night temperature is 12~18. High temperatures reduce the resistance of the plant and make it more susceptible to disease. Pay attention to ventilation (24-hour ventilation or daily ventilation). Low night temperatures help pink or red varieties to color, but have little effect on yellow and yellow varieties. Temperatures below 12 will reduce flower production and stem length. Light affects flower coloring and plant health. Excessive shade avoidance and low light may lead to reduced yields. The most suitable light conditions are 15~20Klux/square meter. When producing colorful calla lilies in winter, you should pay attention to supplementary lighting, but intermittent supplementary lighting is ineffective.

Cultivation of Christmas cactus

According to the early or late flowering period, Christmas cactus is divided into early-blooming species, middle-blooming species and late-blooming species. The flowering period of Christmas cactus is from September to April of the following year. The bright and colorful Christmas cactus brings the breath of spring to people.

 [Biological characteristics] Christmas cactus is native to Brazil in South America. It is an epiphytic cactus. In the natural environment, it often grows on trees or wet valleys, so the cultivation environment requires semi-shade and humidity. Avoid scorching sun and rain in summer, and require warmth and sufficient light in winter. The soil needs to be a mixture of fertile leaf mold, peat, and coarse sand, with a pH of 5.5-6.5. The suitable temperature for the growth period of Christmas cactus is 18-23℃, and the flowering temperature is preferably 10-15℃, not exceeding 25℃, and it is best to maintain 15℃. The temperature in winter is not lower than 10℃. Christmas cactus is a short-day plant, so it can only bud and bloom under short-day conditions. Christmas cactus is pollinated by birds in its place of origin, and artificial pollination is required for normal fruiting when cultivated indoors.

[Reproduction method] Commonly used propagation methods are cuttings, grafting and sowing.

Cutting propagation: Select a strong and thick stem node, cut off 1-2 nodes, place in a cool place for 2-3 days, and insert into the sand bed after the cut is slightly dry. The substrate is peat and sand in a ratio of 4:1, and the temperature of the cutting bed is 15-20℃. The humidity of the cutting bed should not be too high to prevent the cut from being too wet and rotten. Rooting begins 2-3 weeks after cutting, and can be potted after 4 weeks.

Grafting propagation: It has stronger growth than cutting propagation and blooms earlier. It is usually carried out from May to June and September to October. The rootstocks are Hylocereus orus strychnis. If large pots are needed, choose Opuntia pyrifolia. The scion should have 2 to 3 stem nodes. The lower end should be cut into a duckbill shape and connected with the wedge of the rootstock. It should be fixed with the long thorns of the cactus or a sterilized toothpick. Generally, one rootstock can be grafted with 3 scions, and each scion is 120° apart. After grafting, the plant is placed in a semi-shaded place for maintenance, and the air humidity is maintained at a high level. If the scion remains fresh and stiff within 10 days after grafting, it means that it has healed and survived, and needs careful maintenance. After 1 month, the grafted and surviving plant can be transferred to normal management.

Seed propagation: Christmas cactus needs artificial pollination before it can bear fruit. It is often sown in indoor pots. The suitable temperature for germination is 22-24℃. The sowing medium is a mixture of peat, leaf humus, and coarse sand. It needs to be sterilized at high temperature before sowing. After sowing Christmas cactus seeds, cover the pot with glass to keep the pot soil moist. It will germinate 5-9 days after sowing. Seedlings grow slowly and should be managed carefully.

[Cultivation and Management] After propagation, new branches can be cultivated in 12 cm ordinary plastic pots or hanging pots, with 3 plants planted in each pot. After planting, it is summer, and the room should be kept ventilated and cool. Too high temperature or dry air is not conducive to the growth of stem nodes, and sometimes the stem nodes shrink and die. Fertilize once every half month during the growth period. Apply 1 to 2 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in autumn. When watering and fertilizing new branches, be careful not to splash the grafted healing area to avoid rot. It can bloom 20 to 30 flowers in the same year, and hundreds of flowers can bloom in a pot after 2 to 3 years of cultivation. Cutting plants generally need to be re-cut and renewed after 2 to 3 years of cultivation. When Christmas cactus blooms, the room temperature should not be high, 10 to 15 degrees Celsius is appropriate. The flowering period can last for 2 to 3 months, and a single flower generally withers after 1 week of blooming. Do not move it casually during the flowering period to avoid broken stems and falling flowers. After flowering, there is generally a short dormancy state. Watering should be controlled and fertilization should be stopped. After new buds grow from the stem nodes, normal fertilizer and water management can be resumed. If the amount of watering is too large after flowering, the root system is prone to rot, and the stem nodes shrink and die. If Christmas cactus needs to bloom early and enter the market, it can be treated with short-day light. Short-day light shading treatment for 8 hours a day can make it bloom one month earlier and enter the market.

[Pest and disease control] Anthracnose, rot and leaf blight often harm the leaf stems of Schlumbergera cactus, especially under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the disease is serious. Plants with serious diseases should be pulled out and burned. In the early stage of the disease, use 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder, spray once every ten days, and spray 3 times in total. When scale insects are seriously harmful, the surface of the leaf stems is covered with white scales, which makes the plant grow weak and the affected part is yellow-white. If the affected plants are light, they can be scraped off with bamboo strips. In serious cases, 25% phosmet emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed with 800 times diluted solution.

[Postpartum treatment] Christmas cactus is suitable for windowsills whether it is potted or hanging potted. Decoration at the entrance of the house and the exhibition hall will instantly make the room bright and beautiful, better than brocade curtains. Especially the hanging pots, the curled flowers are bright and lovely, and are excellent indoor decorative plants. Christmas cactus is still very valuable as a commercial potted flower. Potted Christmas cactus is an excellent flower for New Year's Day and Spring Festival. The colorful Christmas cactus is very attractive and the market demand is promising. As long as the varieties are well matched, the flowering period can be from September to May of the following year. Through short-day treatment, the flowering period can be longer

Home flower arrangement 

Urban residents are paying more and more attention to the greening of their homes, because green plants not only have a good effect on purifying the air in the room, but also beautify the home and add visual beauty. But how to place plants and how to beautify the home better and more scientifically? For this reason, we specially consulted Ms. Li, a garden expert. 

Entrance/door: 

It is suitable for placing water plants or tall-stem plants, such as water-grown lucky bamboo, evergreen, money tree, or tall iron tree, small coconut tree, golden fig, etc., because these places generally have wind, large air flow, trees and water, which are conducive to maintaining the humidity and temperature balance in the room. 

living room: 

Ivy, fig, pitcher plant, banana and common aloe vera can not only deal with bacteria, small insects and other harmful substances brought back from the streets, but can even absorb dust that is difficult for vacuum cleaners to absorb. They can be placed in places where people come and go, such as living rooms. 

Decorative cabinet: 

Decorative cabinets or entrance cabinets are generally used to place handicrafts, wine and other items, but one or two small foliage or stem plants and various beautiful flowers, such as green ingot, peacock spread, metasequoia, etc., are placed there, with the emphasis on decoration and appreciation. 

Desk and computer table: 

Place a small plant pot on the desk or computer table, such as asparagus fern, Qingquan white jade, green ingot, metasequoia, etc., especially asparagus fern, which can be trimmed at will according to the owner's preference. The roots of Qingquan white jade will turn from white to green. These can play a good role in communication between people and nature. 

Dressing table/telephone table: 

The leaves of the ophiopogon change color in a cycle as the temperature changes: green, white, pink, peach red, and finally back to green. It is very suitable to be placed in places where the owner often visits, playing a role in flirting and pleasing the mood. In addition, plants with strong ornamental value such as metasequoia and Qingquan Jasper are also suitable for placement. 

aisle: 

　The passage is suitable for hanging some vine water plants, such as green ivy, green elf, ivy, etc. These plants are conducive to shaping, and the walkways are generally well ventilated, which is conducive to maintaining the humidity balance in the room. 

bathroom: 

The leaves of the tiger tail plant can absorb water vapor in the air to keep itself moisturized, making it an ideal choice for toilet and bathroom plants. Ivy can purify the air and kill bacteria, and it is a shade-tolerant plant, so it can also be placed in the bathroom. Ferns and peperomias like humidity and can be placed next to the bathtub. 

bedroom: 

It is suitable to place some flowers and plants that absorb exhaust gas in the bedroom, such as potted citrus, rosemary, myrtle, goldfish flowers, spider plants, zebra leaves, etc. Large-leafed and water-loving plants such as green ivy can keep the indoor air humidity in an excellent state, while spider plants and goldfish flowers can effectively absorb carbon dioxide. 

Kitchen/Refrigerator: 

Chlorophytum and lavender both have strong effects in purifying the air and repelling mosquitoes, and are ideal choices for placing plants in the kitchen and on the refrigerator. 

balcony: 

Cypress, arborvitae and cryptomeria can produce negative oxygen ions, making the indoor air fresh and breathing easy. Some small and short plants, such as cactus, asparagus fern and other low coniferous trees, can fill the room with refreshing tree fragrance and can be placed on the balcony. 

Work experience: Generally speaking, large-leaf plants are suitable for large-space houses, while small-leaf plants are best for small spaces. Simple-style decoration is suitable for placing some distinctive and decorative plants; if the room is in light colors, it is best to choose some handmade, rough pottery to hold flowers and plants. In addition, the specific location of the room also has its own requirements for placing flowers and plants. 

Experts recommend good plants to grow 

Ficus microcarpa 

　Soil requirements: Fertile soil Suitable temperature: The temperature should not be lower than 5℃ How to fertilize: Fertilize once every half month Placement: Hall, entrance, also suitable for family living room and windowsill 

Pothos 

Soil requirements: Fertile and active soil is preferred Suitable temperature: 15-25℃ How to fertilize: Apply liquid fertilizer once every two weeks Placement: Corner of the wall or a corner of the desk or coffee table .

Tips for caring for flowers and plants 

Tray 

As the temperature drops, the growth of plants begins to slow down, and in the severe cold season, they almost stop growing, and the time for the pot soil to dry out is also delayed. At this time, the number of watering the pot soil should be reduced. However, if there is a heating device and the room can fully maintain a certain temperature, you should still pay attention to watering at any time. 

Waterweed 

For plants grown in water, the water should be changed every three days and nutrient solution should be applied. The amount of nutrient solution depends on the size of the plant. For plants grown in soil, fertilizer should be applied once a month, and granular fertilizer should be applied 2 to 3 cm into the soil layer. Water them once a week. Some drought-resistant plants, such as money trees and cacti, only need to be watered once a month. 

Common flower and grass habit table

Dr. Hua Mailbox

 1. How to extend the flowering period of flowers in a vase?

Generally, 1/3000 aspirin aqueous solution or 1/4000 potassium permanganate aqueous solution can be used in the flower arranging container, or an appropriate amount of salt, boric acid, etc. can be added; the ends of the branches of some woody flowers such as ivory red, silver willow, peach blossom, etc. can be burned with fire, and then the wounds can be cut off after charring and inserted into the vase; the ends of the branches of lilac, peony, hydrangea, magnolia, etc. can be cut, small sand grains can be embedded to prop up the cracks, and then inserted into the vase. All of the above can prolong the flowering period of flowers in the vase.

2. How to prepare the culture soil for potted flowers?

Generally, potted flowers and trees are made of 3 parts of leaf mold, 3 parts of garden soil (the loess on the surface of the garden), 2 parts of manure, and 2 parts of rice husk ash. This kind of culture soil has a loose texture, good water permeability, and rich nutrients, which is suitable for planting potted flowers.

3. Why do we need to repot and change the soil of potted flowers?

 After the development and growth of potted flowers, the plants are growing stronger and taller. The original flower pot is too small and the fertility in the pot soil is exhausted, which can no longer meet the growth needs of the root system. Therefore, it is necessary to repot and change the soil. The soil should be changed according to the different growth periods of different types of flowers and trees, and it is generally done every two to three years.

4. What should be paid attention to when dividing orchid pots?

First, master the time of potting, which is usually done during the dormant period after flowering. Orchids that bloom in spring should be potted from late September to November or before new buds sprout; orchids that bloom in summer and autumn should be potted from early to late April. Second, wash the roots and leaves for planting. After the potting soil is fully dried, gently take out the plant, remove the soil, cut off the rotten roots and broken roots, wash the roots and leaves with clean water, dry them. After the orchid roots become soft, use scissors to cut the pseudobulbs with large gaps, apply charcoal powder or sulfur powder on the cut ends (to prevent bacterial infection), and then plant them. Third, the roots of the seedlings should be in close contact with the potting soil. When planting, point the new buds outward to facilitate growth. When potting, place the plant in the middle of the pot so that the roots are evenly distributed. Hold the seedling in one hand and fill in the culture soil with the other hand. Shake the pot while filling the soil to make the roots close to the soil. Fourth, water thoroughly. After potting, water thoroughly and place it in a slightly shady and humid place away from the wind. Control the amount of water appropriately in the future until new buds sprout.

5. How to master the watering of potted flowers and trees at home?

First, understand the habits of different types of flowers in terms of how much water they need at each stage of growth and development. Second, watering should be controlled based on the weather, temperature and humidity, the size of the flowers and trees, the type of flowerpots, the texture of the potting soil, and the degree of dryness and wetness. Third, water thoroughly. When potted flowers need water, the amount of water should be such that the soil from the top of the pot to the bottom of the pot is uniformly moist. Avoid wet top and dry bottom. Fourth, make sure the water temperature is close to the soil temperature. Arrange watering time according to different seasons: before 10 am in spring and autumn, before 8 am in summer, and 2 pm in winter.

6. How to prevent and control the leaf moth (leather moth) that feeds on leaves?

A small amount of insect cysts can be picked by hand after cocooning, and the adult insects can be peeled out to feed chickens and birds. When the larvae are harmful, 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000-1500 times liquid can be sprayed.

7. How to prevent and control cactus scale on the stems and leaves of cacti, Christmas cacti, Epiphyllum, and Euphorbia?

During the nymph hatching period, spray 25% phosmet emulsion 800-1000 times; or 40% omethoate emulsion 1500 times; or 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-1500 times; or 50% trithion emulsion 2000 times. For home gardening, a small amount can be washed off with an old toothbrush dipped in soap.

8. How to fertilize cactus plants?

If the pot soil is relatively fertile, during the peak growth season of cacti, apply fermented bean cake liquid fertilizer once a month (note that thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, 20% fertilizer plus 80% water each time). To make the flowers more luxuriant and beautiful, it is best to apply 500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid before bud formation. Fertilizer should not be applied when the temperature is low or too high or when the cactus is dormant.

9. How to ensure that cactus plants survive the winter safely?

In winter, they should be moved indoors to protect against cold and keep warm. Pay attention to controlling the amount of water. The drier the pot soil  , the more cold-resistant it is. The room temperature is generally kept at around 15℃ and it can still grow, green and lovely, and some can even bloom flowers. It can be placed in a glass frame or a plastic shed at home to overwinter. If the room temperature is low, cacti are in a dormant state. They should still be given sunlight during the dormant period. If they are always placed in the shade, they will be easily burned by sudden strong light in the spring.

10. How to master the watering of cactus plants?

Cactus plants are drought-tolerant, but it should never be assumed that they require a dry environment at all times. If they are not watered properly, the plants will shrink and age. In central China, the dormant period is from November to March of the following year, so watering should be limited, and watering should be done once every two weeks or so. During the growing season from April to October, watering should be sufficient. The higher the temperature, the more water should be given, but drainage must be good and water should not accumulate. When watering, for some spherical species with concave tops, be careful not to pour water into the concave area to prevent rot at the growing point. In addition, for some species with fine long hairs, be careful not to splash water on the long hairs to affect the appearance.

 11. What is the key to the survival of cactus plants through cuttings?

First, the soil should be very loose. Coarse sand, sawdust, etc. can be used as cutting soil. These materials have large gaps, are water-permeable and breathable, and are conducive to rooting. Second, the cut part is used as cuttings. The cuttings should be dried in the shade for about 10 days, and then a layer of callus tissue grows on the surface of the incision before cutting. Otherwise, the incision is very easy to get infected and rot. Third, the humidity should be controlled at about 25℃ for cutting, which is conducive to rooting. The soil for cuttings should have a certain humidity, not too wet, otherwise it is easy to cause the incision to rot.

12. How to make the crape myrtle bloom and flourish every year?

The habit of crape myrtle is that it likes warm and humid climate. It likes light and tolerates shade. It likes fertility. It tolerates drought and is afraid of waterlogging. It has strong sprouting ability. In order to make crape myrtle bloom and flourish every year, in addition to applying organic fertilizer after the leaves fall and before flowering every year, it is mainly necessary to pay attention to pruning. In addition to pruning dead branches and diseased branches, because the flower buds of crape myrtle are formed on the branches of the current year, the old branches of the year can be cut off after the leaves fall in winter or before the spring sprouts, so that strong branches will sprout again and bloom luxuriantly.

13. How to propagate camellia by cuttings?

Cuttings are taken from mid-to-late June to early July when the humidity is high and the temperature is not too high. Cuttings are selected from branches that are strong and healthy, with dark green and smooth leaves, 2-2.5 cm internodes, and 10 cm long. Each cutting should have 1-3 top leaves. For small-scale propagation of flowers at home, you can use mountain mud, culture soil, vermiculite, perlite and other cutting soils with good drainage and air permeability for pot cuttings. After cutting, place it in a cool and ventilated place, water it thoroughly, keep the bed soil moist, and spray the leaves 3-4 times a day when it is dry. It will take root after three weeks.

14. When should chrysanthemums be propagated by cuttings? How to propagate by cuttings?

Cuttings are usually taken in May or June. Cut the branches about 8-10 cm long and with 2-4 nodes from the new branches (tender branches of the current year) sprouted from the old plants of the previous year, cut flat 0.2 cm below the lowest node (leaf base), remove the lower half of the leaves, cut off half of the upper leaves, and insert them into the pot soil to a depth of about 1/3 of the total length of the cuttings. After inserting, press the soil at the base of the cuttings, water thoroughly, and place the flower pot in a shaded place. After that, spray water in appropriate amounts every morning and evening. After a week, you can see some morning and evening sunlight. After half a month, slightly increase the light time. Rooting will begin after 20 days, and thin fertilizer will be applied after one month.

 15. How to care for spider plants? How to manage them in winter?

Chlorophytum likes warm, humid and semi-shaded places, and is not drought-resistant. Domestic Chlorophytum should be kept away from the sun in summer and placed indoors for viewing during the day. If conditions permit, place it outdoors in a sheltered place at night (but it must be ventilated). According to the growth situation, it can be propagated by division in April in spring combined with repotting, and placed in a semi-shaded place after repotting. The soil should be loose, rich in humus and well-drained. Too wet or too dry soil will cause the branches and leaves to turn yellow. Usually, you can spray the leaves with clean water to keep the leaves clean and moist. In winter, it should be cultivated indoors at around 15℃ to avoid frost damage.

 16. After a cyclamen has bloomed, are the bulbs still useful? Can it bloom again next year?

In theory, the cyclamen bulbs can be kept and cultivated after they have bloomed. However, there is only a 50% chance that they will grow well and bloom again next year. If you want to keep them, you can control the watering after the flowers fade in the spring until the upper part of the plant withers. Then store the bulbs and pots in a cool place outdoors and water them only twice a month. Repot in July or August, then gradually increase the amount of watering and move to a bright place (but not in the sun). If you still don't see vigorous growth after 4-6 weeks of maintenance, you have to abandon it.

17. Is Dieffenbachia poisonous? Can it be planted in water?

If you chew the stem of Dieffenbachia, its juice will make you speechless for a period of time, but it is not toxic. Dieffenbachia can be kept in water and can grow roots to maintain growth and development for a long time, but it is best planted in soil (ratio: 2 parts humus, 1 part sand or vermiculite) to get normal nutrient supply.

18. When can we cut healthy ivy branches outdoors and propagate them to use as indoor foliage plants in winter?

After the rainy season, when the ivy branches have enough water, cut them, each cutting is 18-25 cm long, wash them in soapy water, remove the leaves below 1/3 of the cuttings (otherwise, the water quality will deteriorate easily), immerse the cuttings 1/3 deep in a bucket of water, place them in the shade, and let them grow naturally. The ivy planted in August will take root faster than the one planted in autumn and winter.

19. What is the reason why the leaves of indoor foliage ferns turn yellow?

Too much sunlight, too little fertilizer, too dry air, or too much or too little watering can all cause fern leaves to turn yellow. Ferns like bright places, but they are not suitable for growing in the sun. During the growth period, apply a balanced thin liquid fertilizer every 3-4 weeks. Some ferns, such as Boston fern, nest fern, and maidenhair fern, require higher humidity to grow well.

20. What are the growing conditions for Boston fern? How to propagate it?

Boston fern prefers loose garden soil rich in humus (mixture: 2 parts sandy loam, 2 parts humus soil, 1 part sand or vermiculite). It grows best in a temperature of 12-17℃, with sufficient light but no sunlight. It is difficult to propagate Boston fern by division, but it is easier to propagate and root by layering of runners.

21. How much water do ferns need?

Ferns prefer a humid environment, but most homes are dry. Therefore, shade-loving ferns need to be watered frequently to replenish humidity. Generally, use a fine-hole spray bottle to spray ferns with lukewarm water every day to drive away pests. In addition, water thoroughly once a week by immersion irrigation to ensure that the roots at the bottom of the pot have sufficient water. You can also place the pot on a shallow tray filled with pebbles and water to keep the bottom of the pot of potted ferns moist and warm.

22. Can you make your own fertilizer for growing flowers at home? How can you make your own fertilizer?

You can collect the leftover vegetable leaves, vegetable roots, bean shells, melon and fruit peels, fish scales, fish intestines, chicken, duck, crab, shrimp bones, spoiled soybeans, peanuts, etc., add rice washing water, soak them in a jar or jar, seal them, wait for them to ferment and rot, and then add clean water to apply. This is a good organic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Or you can dilute the leftover tofu slurry or milk residue, as well as the egg white washed from the eggshell with water and then apply it to the basin.

23. How to grow Acorus calamus in water?

Acorus prefers shade and moisture, so water cultivation is better than soil cultivation. However, when growing in water, only the roots should be immersed, not the leaves. It is best to place it in the shade of flowers, so that it can be exposed to wind and dew, but not to the sun. In the hot summer, the water basin of Acorus should be placed in the shade of flowers all day long, except when there are visitors to watch, to avoid the heat consuming nutrients.

The best water-grown plants are those with large old roots, which are higher than the mud surface and winding like a dragon, but they are not easy to find. Scattered small calamus plants can be tangled into a ball, then wrapped with palm bark and placed in a basin of water, but the roots of small calamus plants are very short, so it is not easy to make or wrap them into a ball. You can use enameled wire to string these calamus into a ball (note: do not damage the old roots), and then wrap the enameled wire several times around them. Even after being soaked in water and pressed by stones, it is not easy to fall apart.