There are many kinds of pests affecting flowers , which can be roughly divided into four categories: piercing-sucking pests, leaf-eating pests, stem-boring pests, and underground pests.

　　(1) Piercing-sucking pests. These mainly include aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, scale insects, thrips, and stink bugs. These pests use their needle-like mouthparts to pierce and suck the sap from the plant tissues, causing symptoms such as leaf curling, galls, small grayish-yellow spots on the leaves, or yellowing of the leaves and branches. Control methods: Spray with 40% dimethoate at a dilution of 1000-1500 times; for other pests besides scale insects, spray with 2.5% deltamethrin at a dilution of 2500-3000 times; for spider mites, spray with 20% trichlorfon at a dilution of 1000 times.

　　(2) Leaf-eating pests. These mainly include larvae of tussock moths, bagworms, leafrollers, noctuid moths, tussock moths, hawk moths, boat moths, dead leaf moths, swallowtail butterflies, white butterflies, etc., as well as scarab beetles, weevils, and sawflies. These pests use chewing mouthparts to feed on solid food. Some bite leaves until they are incomplete, some roll leaves and cause damage, and some eat all the leaves, leaving only the thick veins, etc.

　　Prevention and control methods:

　　① Manually destroy overwintering cocoons or protective sacs.

　　② During the early hatching period of larvae, spray with 90% trichlorfon, 50% phoxim, or 50% fenitrothion at a dilution of 1000 times.

　　③ Manual killing can also be used to control beetles and sawflies.

　　(3) Trunk-boring pests. Common trunk-boring pests that damage flowers and trees include longhorn beetles, wood-boring moths, jewel beetles, and stem borers. These pests are characterized by boring into the branches and stems of flowers and trees, creating holes or tunnels. Control methods: The control methods vary depending on the type of trunk-boring pest, but there are common methods. One method is to insert a wire into the hole to kill the larvae, or inject 20-50 times diluted 80% dichlorvos or 40% dimethoate into the hole. Immediately after injection, seal the hole with mud to kill the larvae. For longhorn beetles, adults can be manually captured. For wood-boring moths, adults can be attracted and killed with lights. For jewel beetles, the adults' feigning death behavior can be exploited by manually shaking branches in the early morning to capture them.

　　(4) Underground pests. Underground pests refer to pests that damage the roots of flowers or the main stem near the soil surface. Common ones include grubs, mole crickets, cutworms, wireworms, crickets, and ground maggots. These pests are characterized by being mostly hidden in the soil and difficult to detect, and their peak damage periods are concentrated in spring and autumn.

　　Prevention and control methods:

　　① The seedbed should be properly deep-cultivated, weeds removed, and fully decomposed organic fertilizer applied.

　　②Poisoning with millet: Cook millet until half-cooked, let it dry until semi-dry, mix it with 50% phoxim emulsion at a dosage of 0.1%–0.2% of the millet's weight, mix thoroughly, and apply to the soil. This can control mole crickets, grubs, wireworms, etc. http://www.

　　③ Poison baiting: Mix 50 grams of 90% crystalline trichlorfon with 5 kilograms of bait (fresh grass or roasted cake fertilizer, etc.) to make poison bait. Apply the bait near the roots of the host flower in the evening to attract and kill mole crickets, cutworms, etc.

　　④ Cutworms can also be controlled by manual killing; to control cutworms, a 1000-fold dilution of 40% dimethoate can be used to irrigate the root zone of host flowers.