Jasmine has green leaves, white flowers and a strong fragrance. It is a common garden and ornamental aromatic flower. Potted jasmine can be used to decorate the interior, which is elegant and pleasant. It can also be processed into wreaths and other decorations. The yellow and fragrant white flowers of deciduous vines are one of the best ways for many people to decorate their homes in winter. "No flower can be more fragrant than this one", potted jasmine is loved by many modern families. The cultivation method is introduced as follows:

1. Environment and lighting

Jasmine likes hot, humid, ventilated and breathable environment and needs sufficient light. Jasmine is afraid of cold, so potted jasmine can be grown outdoors for wintering. When the temperature is low, move it indoors and place it facing south. Strong light will make the branches strong, the leaves dark green, and the flowers numerous and fragrant; insufficient sunlight will make the nodes sparse, the flowers few and not fragrant.

2. Reasonable pruning

Jasmine blooms most vigorously when it is 3 to 6 years old, and then it ages year by year and needs to be re-pruned and renewed in time. Before the budding of the Spring Festival, the branches of the previous year should be appropriately shortened, leaving 10 to 15 cm at the base to promote the growth of many strong new branches. If the new branches grow very vigorously, pinch them when they grow 10 cm to promote the growth of secondary shoots, which will bloom more and have a compact plant shape with high ornamental value. Pruning should be done on sunny days, and can be combined with leaf thinning, removing diseased branches, adjusting the plants, and applying callus antiseptic film on the pruning wounds in time to prevent infection by rot bacteria, prevent soil and rainwater pollution, and promote rapid healing of wounds.

3. Scientific fertilization

Jasmine is a plant that shoots many times a year, buds many times, and blooms all year round. It requires a lot of fertilizer. Keeping the pot soil fertile is an important guarantee for jasmine to bloom more. It is better to use organic liquid fertilizer for topdressing potted jasmine, and it is best to use decomposed manure fertilizer. It is most appropriate to apply fertilizer when the pot soil has just turned white and small dry cracks have just appeared on the soil surface around the pot wall. At the same time, spray new lipid film to retain moisture and fertilizer. After buds appear, spray flowers regularly to strengthen the buds, enlarge the petals, make the flowers colorful, have a strong fragrance, and extend the flowering period. Jasmine likes fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied before and during flowering to promote the proliferation and fragrance of flowers; after flowering, gradually control the fertilizer and water to prevent the plant from growing vigorously and the tissues from being tender.

4. Prevent and control pests and diseases

Jasmine is often harmed by borer larvae, scale insects and red spiders, which are most serious from July to September. They often eat the flower buds. Spray with all-purpose powder or 600 times diluted cypermethrin + new lipid film once every half a month. Spray even if no diseases or pests occur to prevent them first. The best time to spray pesticides is 9 am and 4 pm on sunny days. Do not spray under the scorching sun at noon to prevent pesticide damage.

5. Maintenance and management

Watering is the key to the success of jasmine maintenance and management. The principle of watering is "don't water unless the soil is dry, and water thoroughly when you do." Jasmine is afraid of drought and waterlogging. In order to enhance the ability of jasmine to resist drought and waterlogging, spraying "new lipid film" can effectively prevent the adverse effects of drought on jasmine and enhance its water absorption guarantee; in addition, it can also reduce the phenomenon of jasmine root rot caused by continuous rain and inhibit the infection of pathogens. Jasmine likes fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied before and during flowering to promote flowering and fragrance; root application and micro-fertilizers are used in combination with root irrigation to induce the plant to absorb, digest and release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements in the soil, enhance the positive energy of jasmine development, and optimize the quality of the fruit. ("Modern Horticulture" author: Li Shihua, Xiao Hui, Xia Huaping, Wu Shifen)

★ Jasmine cultivation and management technology

Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) is an evergreen shrub or vine-like shrub of the genus Jasmine in the family Oleaceae. There are many varieties and beautiful appearance. The branches are slender. The leaves are alternate. Oval and shiny. The inflorescence is terminal or axillary. The flowers are 3 to 9 in total, with a white corolla and fragrance. The flowering period is from June to October.

There are currently more than 60 varieties of jasmine, among which the cultivated varieties mainly include single-petal jasmine, double-petal jasmine and multi-petal jasmine.

The single-petal jasmine plant is relatively short, 70 to 90 cm tall, with thin stems and branches in a vine-like shape, so it is called climbing jasmine. The flower buds are slightly pointed and long, small and light. The yield is lower than that of double-petal jasmine, but higher than that of multi-petal jasmine. It is not cold-resistant, not waterlogged, and has weak disease and insect resistance.

Double-petal jasmine is the main variety cultivated on a large scale for scented tea. The plant is 1 to 1.5 m tall, upright, with many branches, thick stems and branches, dark green leaves, thick and shiny leaves, larger flowers than single-petal jasmine and multi-petal jasmine, white and oily buds, and obvious wax. The flower fragrance is strong, the growth is strong, and the adaptability is strong. The fresh flower yield (more than 3 years) can reach more than 500 kg per 667 m2.

The branches of multi-petal jasmine have obvious protrusions, dark green leaves, tight, round and small flowers, and a slightly concave top. Multi-petal jasmine flowers take too long to bloom, have a weak fragrance, and have a low yield, so they are generally not used as fresh flowers for scented tea.

Growth habit

Jasmine is native to the south of the Yangtze River and the western region; India and Arabia, with the central production area near the Persian Gulf. It is now widely planted in subtropical areas. It likes warm and humid conditions. If the winter temperature is below 3 ℃, it will suffer from frost damage. It grows best in a ventilated, semi-shady environment. It is afraid of cold, drought, and is not tolerant to waterlogging. The suitable temperature for growth is 25-35 ℃, and it can safely overwinter above 5 ℃. It requires loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5-6.5. It is not drought-tolerant, afraid of barrenness, and avoids long-term waterlogging.

Reproduction method

Propagation can be done by sowing, cuttings, and circling branches.

The fruit is a capsule in a spherical shape. After it matures in autumn and winter, it is picked, dried, shelled, and stored for sowing in the spring of the following year. It is easy to germinate and grow, and no special management is required.

Cuttings can be carried out in spring and autumn. For spring cuttings, choose two-year-old branches, and for autumn cuttings, use mature branches of the current year. The cuttings should be about 10 cm long. The substrate should be a mixture of half vermiculite or river sand and half peat soil. Maintain the temperature at 20-25 ℃ and cover with plastic film to increase the humidity. Note that the ground temperature should be higher than the air temperature, otherwise it will be difficult to take root.

Ring branch propagation is carried out in spring and autumn, and strong branches about 15 cm long are selected. After ring peeling, they are wrapped with mud strips and roots will emerge in 50 to 60 days.

Too thin branches are not easy to survive after cuttings, so layering can be used for propagation, with a survival rate of more than 95%. In spring, high-altitude layering is used, and roots can generally be formed in 50 to 60 days.

Cultivation management

Environment and lighting management

Jasmine likes hot, humid, ventilated and breathable environment and needs sufficient light. Jasmine is afraid of cold. In the south, potted jasmine can be grown outdoors for winter. In the north, it needs to be kept warm in autumn and winter and moved indoors to face south. Strong light will make the branches strong, the leaves dark green, and the flowers numerous and fragrant. Insufficient sunlight will make the nodes sparse and the flowers few and not fragrant.

Moisture Management

Jasmine is not drought-tolerant, but it also avoids waterlogging. In rainy seasons, the water in the pot should be dumped in time, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow easily. In hot and sunny summer days, water it twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. If you find that the leaves are curling, you should spray water on the leaves to promote growth.

Substrate management

The soil for growing jasmine should be fertile sandy and semi-sandy soil. If planted in slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6-6.5, the roots will be dense and the growth will be vigorous. If the soil is heavy and lacks a substrate, the fertility will be low and the aeration will be poor, then the root system will be small, the plant will be short, the stems and leaves will be thin, and the flowers will be few and small.

Fertilization management

The high temperature season in midsummer is the peak growth period for jasmine. Apply more organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as peanut cake powder, bone meal, superphosphate and multi-element flower fertilizer, twice a month. Jasmine often has lush branches and leaves but no flowers during the summer growth period. The main reason is that too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, causing the branches and leaves to grow too long. In this case, control the fertilizer and water, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, promote the formation of flower buds, and pay attention to moving the jasmine to a place with sufficient sunlight and good ventilation.

Pruning Management

Jasmine grows very fast in summer, so it is necessary to prune it in time. When pruning potted jasmine, keep 10 to 15 cm at the base to promote the growth of many strong new shoots. If the new shoots grow very vigorously, they should be pinched when they grow 10 cm to promote the growth of secondary shoots, so that there will be more flowers and the plant will be compact. After the flowers wither, the flower branches should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the growth of new shoots, making the branches dense, with more buds and more flowers.

Pest control

Pests

Jasmine is often harmed by borer larvae, scale insects and red spiders.

The larvae of stem borers are most serious from July to September, and they often eat flower buds. You can use all-purpose powder or cypermethrin mixed with 200 times water for spraying. Spray once every half a month. Even if there are no diseases or pests, you should still spray to prevent them first. The best time for spraying is 9:00 in the morning and 16:00 in the afternoon on sunny days. Do not spray under the scorching sun at noon to prevent pesticide damage.

Spray 50% malathion EC or 25% phosmet EC 1000 times diluted during the peak egg hatching period of scale insects, spray once every 10 days, spray 2-3 times in a row. You can also spray 40% supo-kill EC 1500 times diluted.

Red spiders have strong reproductive capacity and strong selection pressure on pesticides, and are prone to develop resistance. Drugs should be used in a timely and rotating manner. Commonly used pesticides and concentrations include 25% triazotin wettable powder 1000-2000 times; 50% bromomitin EC 2000-3000 times; 20% formamidine EC 1000-2000 times; 20% dicofol 1000-1500 times; 5% carbendazim EC 500-1000 times; 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times; 40% omethoate 1000 times. Note that the above pesticides cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture.

Diseases

Jasmine diseases include leaf blight, branch dieback, anthracnose and white rot.

For leaf blight and branch dieback, initially spray 70% Rocla diluted 600-800 times, spray once every 7-10 days, or 65% Mancozeb diluted 600-800 times, or 1% equal volume Bordeaux mixture of 1:1:100.

For anthracnose, spray 70% Lok 600-800 times 2-3 times at the beginning, and apply once every 7-10 days. You can also use 0.1% mercuric chloride water or gentian violet for family application. When the disease is serious, spray 50% thiophanate-methyl or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times, or 50% carbendazim 1000 times, 65% mancozeb 500 times.

At the beginning of the disease, use 70% pentachloronitrobenzene medicated soil to disinfect the surrounding soil, or spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.3 Baume lime sulfur mixture, or 50% wettable antifungal special medicated soil for prevention and control. When the disease is serious, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, or 65% mancozeb wettable powder 800 times liquid.

Watch Application

Jasmine has green leaves, white flowers and strong fragrance. It is a common ornamental fragrant flower in gardens and potted plants. It is often used in potted plants to decorate the interior, which is elegant and pleasant. It can also be processed into decorations such as wreaths. Most of the yellow and fragrant white flowers of deciduous vines are one of the best ways to decorate winter gardens in many foreign gardens. "No flower can be more fragrant than this one." It is the jasmine that "can make a room fragrant." Although jasmine is not gorgeous, it has the sweetness of roses, the fragrance of plum blossoms, the remoteness of orchids, and the elegance of magnolias.

In addition, jasmine flowers are fragrant and can be used to extract jasmine oil, which is the raw material for making essences. Jasmine oil is very valuable, equivalent to the price of gold. Jasmine flowers, leaves, and roots can all be used as medicine. Jasmine flowers can also be smoked into tea leaves, or the juice can be steamed to replace rose water. Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Jinhua and other places in the south of the Yangtze River have long been producing jasmine flowers as a smoked tea spice. ("Agricultural Engineering Technology·Greenhouse Horticulture" author: Yang Junjie, Zhang Yueqin, Wang Yun)

★ Jasmine cultivation and management methods

Jasmine flowers bloom from May to October, with the most blooming in July. Jasmine flowers are white and fragrant, and are an important raw material for scented tea. Fresh flowers can also be used to extract essences and make medicinal materials. They are also excellent garden ornamental flowers. Jasmine likes warmth and fears severe cold. As long as there is enough water and fertilizer, it can grow vigorously.

1. Cultivation. Jasmine has a strong regeneration ability, and the method of cutting is often used in cultivation. Cutting is generally carried out in the hot and humid rainy season. Some flower farmers are afraid of affecting the harvest, so they move the flower pots outdoors in early spring and carry out cuttings in combination with pruning and training. The method is: cut the middle section of the strong branches that are too long and too dense on the mother plant as cuttings, cut them into 10-13 cm long, keep four or five nodes, and only keep one or two pairs of leaves on the top. The rest of the leaves are removed as cuttings. It is better to cut the cuttings into a smooth and slightly tilted shape. The culture soil for cutting seedlings should be loose and fertile sandy loam. After cutting, timely watering and management, it will take root in about 20 days. The seedlings planted in spring can be potted in autumn.

Some plants that are too old or too dense can be divided and planted after the flower pots are moved outdoors for about two weeks. First, pour out the old plants from the flower pots, and forcefully cut the old roots into three or four parts, plant them in new flower pots, and fill them with fertile soil. After the roots are divided, pay attention to shade and watering the plants to promote the development of the root system.

2. Management. First of all, water and fertilize. When watering jasmine, you should follow the principle of "better dry than wet", but each time you water it, you must water it thoroughly. In spring and summer, keep the pot soil dry to promote root development and early budding. After moving the flower pot outdoors in spring every year, in addition to cleaning up dead branches and old leaves, you should also pay attention to keeping the soil moist during the dog days of summer. After autumn, water it less appropriately to avoid excessive moisture that will cause leaves to fall and roots to rot.

Fertilization should be based on the principle of dilute first and then concentrated. After the flower pots are moved outdoors in spring, wait until the flower buds emerge before watering with decomposed dilute manure water. The concentration is generally about 10%. After the flowers are set, the concentration of fertilizer can be gradually increased. After the "spring flowers" begin to be picked, water manure can be applied once every 7 to 10 days. The best time to fertilize is 3 to 4 pm when the weather is slightly cooler. The temperature is high at noon, so it is not suitable to water with manure water.

If the soil in the flowerpot is compacted, it should be loosened and tilled to facilitate soil ventilation. However, it should not be loosened too deeply to avoid damaging the roots. Some old branches and branches that are too long and too dense should be cut off to promote the sprouting of new branches to increase the yield of flowers. Jasmine is not cold-resistant, so the flowers should be moved indoors before the Frost Descent solar term to overwinter. Pay attention to ventilation indoors to avoid "suffocating" the flowers.

3. Harvest. Flowers harvested from June to mid-July are called "spring flowers", flowers harvested from late July to mid-August are called "summer flowers", and flowers harvested after mid-August are called "autumn flowers". "Summer flowers" are when the temperature is relatively high, and the flowers produced are of good quality and high yield, accounting for about 60% to 70% of the total annual flower production. Flowers suitable for harvesting should be those whose buds are about to bloom but have not yet bloomed, which the people call "tiger claws". Jasmine flowers bloom at night, so the best time to pick them is between 3 and 4 pm. After the cool autumn, the temperature gradually drops, and flowers can be picked in the morning. ("Rural Encyclopedia" author: Tao Guangyang)

★ Causes of death of jasmine in winter and key points of maintenance

(1) Frost damage. When the temperature (room temperature) is lower than 3-5°C, the physiological functions of the plant are damaged; when it drops to 3°C, the whole plant will die.

(2) The soil in the pot is too wet. When the temperature (room temperature) is below 10°C, the lily is in a dormant state and requires less water from the soil. If you water it too much, the lily's roots will be in a state of lack of ventilation for a long time, and it is easy to suffocate and die.

(3) The soil in the pot is too dry. If you don't water it for a long time, the lily will dry up and die. To ensure that the lily survives the winter safely, you must do a good job of frost protection, warmth preservation and moisture control.

(4) Prevent freezing and keep warm. If the temperature drops to 5-10℃, move the lily to a sunny place indoors or outdoors. When the temperature is below 0℃, cover the flowerpot with a plastic bag and place it in a cool, dark place indoors or outdoors to maintain 3-5℃, or place it in a sunny place to hibernate. Remove the plastic bag every week to allow the plant to ventilate. "Green Technology"

★Five key points for jasmine cultivation

Jasmine belongs to the Oleaceae family and the genus Jasminum. Its flowering period is from June to October. Its leaves are emerald green, its flowers are white and smooth, and its fragrance is gentle and mellow. It is praised as the first of all fragrant flowers and has excellent ornamental value as well as high economic value.

1. Basin

The pot body is mainly plastic pot, and the survival rate of jasmine is 90%. The survival rate of clay pot is about 80%, and its growth is not as vigorous as that of plastic pot plants, the leaves are smaller, and it is not drought-resistant, and it is basically watered every day. Analysis of the reason is that since the clay pot is gray-black, it is easy to absorb heat under direct sunlight. At noon on a sunny day, the clay pot body is about 5℃ higher than the plastic pot, and the soil temperature in the pot is also 3-4℃ higher. Therefore, when planting in the open air, white, non-heat-absorbing plastic pots are better.

2. Cover and shade

During the germination period of jasmine (end of May), shade nets should be covered. Direct sunlight can easily cause drought and the branches are prone to lose water, which has a great impact on the germination of new buds. Therefore, in the early stage of planting, covering with shade nets and maintaining humidity is conducive to the rapid germination of buds.

During the growing season of jasmine (end of June), do not cover the sunshade net. Jasmine is a light-loving plant, so during the growing season of jasmine, strengthening the light is conducive to its growth and growth.

3. Pruning

Jasmine can form many batches of flowers, mainly by beheading and promoting side branches. One branch can be divided into two branches, and two branches can be divided into four branches, so that multiple branches can bloom. Behead around June 25, remove the tender branches, and only keep 2 to 3 layers of leaves at the base, 5 to 6 cm, and carry out normal fertilizer and water management. It will bloom in 25 to 30 days. Jasmine is a light-loving plant. Under the same management method, higher temperatures and stronger sunlight are conducive to the vegetative and reproductive growth of jasmine.

4. Fertilization

It takes 30 to 40 days for jasmine to grow from the top to the side buds and bloom in the natural environment. However, if fertilized properly, it can bloom 5 to 10 days earlier, and the leaves are darker and the flowers are larger. Apply two top dressings, one on August 5 with a lot of growth fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium: 30-10-10, 1000 times liquid), and one on August 15 with a lot of flowering fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium: 10-20-30, 800 times liquid). After top dressing, the jasmine has a better growth potential, with large, thick, and dark green leaves.

5. Temperature Management

Jasmine is sensitive to temperature, prefers warm and humid climate and can tolerate higher temperatures, but is afraid of low temperatures and has poor drought resistance. All potted jasmine in the jasmine garden should be placed in a multi-span greenhouse in early November. A small arch shed should be set up in the greenhouse, covered with straw curtains, and normally ventilated and moistened during the day. There is generally no need to heat at night, but when the outdoor temperature reaches above -5°C, water should be boiled in the greenhouse and steam should be used to heat the greenhouse so that the temperature inside the greenhouse is not lower than 0°C. It can basically survive the winter safely in Nanjing. ("Farmers Get Rich" by Huang Gang, Yao Kebin, and Ma Qiyong)

How to make jasmine flowers green and fragrant

Jasmine has green leaves, jade-like flowers, and a refreshing fragrance, which is very appealing. However, in daily management, yellow leaves and no flowers often appear. Therefore, in cultivation and management, we must pay attention to the following seven points to ensure that the jasmine leaves are green and the flowers are fragrant.

1. Jasmine likes deep, fertile, slightly acidic, sandy loam. Repot it every spring with fertile new soil and put a small amount of bean cake or horse hoof slices at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer.

2. Jasmine likes sunlight but cannot tolerate shade. Jasmine is a strong sun-loving flower. It likes long sunshine and strong sun, but avoids the scorching sun. It also needs shade in the hot summer. Otherwise, although it is known as "sun-proof", it will not grow green and tender enough. If there is insufficient light, it will grow thin and weak, with long internodes, thin and yellow leaves, easy to fall off, difficult to breed buds, small and few flowers, weak fragrance, poor resistance to cold and disease, so jasmine is not suitable for indoor cultivation. Only with sufficient light can the leaves be dark green, the flowers be numerous and large, the fragrance be strong, and there are few diseases and insect pests.

3. Jasmine likes warmth, avoids severe cold, and needs to hibernate. The root system of jasmine needs an average daily temperature of more than 10℃ to grow, branches sprout at 18℃-20℃, buds are nurtured above 22℃, and flowers are formed. 30℃-35℃ is the suitable temperature for flowering. If it exceeds 40%, the white flowers turn yellow and the fragrance becomes lighter. It only needs to be kept above 10℃ during the winter. If it is kept below 10℃ for a long time, the leaves will fall, it will be harmed if it is below 3℃, and it will freeze to death if it is below 0℃. If the room temperature is kept at about 30% in winter, new shoots can be produced and flowers can be bloomed. However, in order to prevent premature aging, in addition to regular pruning and pinching, rest in winter is also very important, and it needs to hibernate; in spring, it must wait until the outdoor temperature is stable above 15℃ before going out.

4. Jasmine likes heavy watering, avoids waterlogging, and requires frequent watering. Jasmine requires heavy watering, and watering after it is completely dry. Do not water halfway, do not water with raw water that has not been dried, and do not allow water to accumulate, so as to avoid leaf fall and root rot. You can often combine watering with spraying water on the leaves to clean the dust on the leaves and maintain a certain humidity. Generally, single-petal jasmine has a deeper root system and can tolerate drought; double-petal jasmine has a strong root system, but it is short and not drought-tolerant.

5. Jasmine likes heavy fertilizers and avoids raw and concentrated fertilizers. During the flowering period, fertilization should be applied frequently, with more times and less amount. Fertilizers containing more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, such as fermented human feces and urine, fish water or hemp residue, should be applied. More phosphorus fertilizers should be applied and less nitrogen fertilizers should be applied. Chemical fertilizers are easy to destroy the soil structure and should be used less. Too much or too concentrated fertilizers will cause root rot.

6. Prune jasmine frequently to extend the flowering period. Jasmine can be up to 20 years old. The peak flowering period is between 3 and 5 years old. It blooms continuously from early summer to late autumn every year. The flowers are divided into three stages. The "Fuhua" period from the beginning of summer to the end of summer is the most abundant. The flowers are large, white and fragrant, accounting for 50% of the annual flowers. The quality of flowers is related to the climate: if there are more sunny days and high temperatures, the flowers are bright in color and have a strong fragrance; if there are more rainy days, the temperature is low and the humidity is high, the flowers are fewer and the fragrance is light. In order to make more and larger flowers, heavy pruning is done in early spring. Usually, pruning is done after flowering and withering. Cut off the upper half of the branches so that two new branches grow on the tip of each branch. The first batch of flower buds can be removed when they are just developing and growing, which is conducive to improving the number and quality of flowers in each period. At all stages of the flowering period, attention should also be paid to bud removal and pinching.

7. Jasmine Jasmine is usually propagated by layering, division or cuttings, and the survival rate of spring cuttings is higher. In the two major categories of shrub and vine, the shrub type has thick leaves and large flowers, while the vine type has thin leaves and small flowers. The shrub type is easier. There are two types of flowers: single petals and double petals. Single petals grow slowly and have a short lifespan, while double petals have a long lifespan and grow quickly. Flowers with double petals are more suitable. ("Flower and Tree Bonsai·Flower Gardening" author: Lin Yunjia)

★Maintenance of potted jasmine in the north

Many flower growers in northern China have reported that some potted jasmines only grow leaves but do not bloom, some often have yellow leaves and thin branches, and some are very lush when they are bought, but die inexplicably after blooming. According to our experience, we should do the following work well.

1. Create a high temperature and bright environment

Jasmine likes high temperature, and the suitable temperature for its growth is 25-35℃. Under such temperature and air humidity of about 80%, the flowers bloom early, with a high blooming rate, open evenly, have a white and smooth color, and a strong fragrance.

Jasmine likes light. If the light is strong, the leaves will be dark green, the branches will be thick, the flowers will be abundant, the color will be good, and the fragrance will be strong; if the light is weak, the leaves will be light, the branches will be thin, the flowers will be few, and the fragrance will be poor.

2. Prepare suitable culture soil

The potting soil for jasmine should be fertile, slightly acidic, and have good drainage and air permeability. The method of making this kind of culture soil is to pile soil and animal and plant materials (such as vegetable leaves, branches, feathers, internal organs, rotten eggs, etc.) in a plastic bag or flower pot or other container, layer by layer, and add water to compact it. After a winter, a loam that is very suitable for jasmine cultivation can be made.

3. Repot and change soil in time

After 2-3 years of growth, the root system of jasmine has become tangled in the pot, and the physical and chemical properties of the culture soil have also deteriorated. If the pot is not repotted and the soil is changed at this time, the growth of jasmine will be seriously affected. The best time to repot and change the soil is around Qingming Festival. When repotting, you can use the middle finger and index finger of your right hand to clamp the base of the plant, then turn the flower pot upside down in your palm, and tap the bottom of the pot with your left hand to make the roots and soil completely come out, then use a small shovel to carefully shovel away the old soil (do not damage the roots) and replace it with new culture soil. In combination with changing the soil, you can prune the roots to make the roots long and dense, so that the branches and leaves grow symmetrically.

4. Master the principles of watering

According to the characteristics of jasmine, which likes moisture but is afraid of waterlogging and likes ventilation, the following watering principles should be followed: in April and May, the temperature rises but is not yet high, so water it once every 2 to 3 days; in May to June, it is the spring flowering period, so water it a little more than before; in June to August, it is the dog days, when the temperature is the highest and it is also the peak flowering period of jasmine, so water it once in the morning and afternoon; in September and October, water it once every 1 to 2 days; in winter, the amount of water must be strictly controlled. As for the general principle of watering during the growing season, water it only when the soil is dry, and water it thoroughly when the soil in the pot is dry and grayish white.

5. Reasonable fertilization

For home planting, liquid fertilizer is usually made from kitchen scraps, and some black alum (ferrous sulfate) should be added during the fermentation. Fertilization should follow the principle of thin application and frequent application.

Fertilization is required after Qingming Festival, once every 2-3 days, and the fertilizer liquid should be light (the ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:5); the fertilizer applied after bud formation and flowering should have a fertilizer-water ratio of 1:1; before the frost, less or no fertilizer should be applied to improve the maturity of branches and facilitate wintering. The time of fertilization can be flexibly controlled, usually in the evening. Before fertilization, loosen the pot soil with a small shovel, and then apply. Be careful not to apply when the pot soil is too dry or too wet. The effect is best when the pot soil is dry but not dry. If excessive fertilization causes fertilizer damage, measures should be taken to withdraw fertilizer, that is, pour clean water on the pot soil 2-3 times, and the amount of water should be large so that raw fertilizer or concentrated fertilizer can be discharged from the bottom of the pot with water; or use the local soil replacement method to reduce weight. After changing the soil, move the pot to a shady place and place it. After 5-10 days of new roots and new buds, put it back to a place with strong light and carry out normal management.

6. Protect yourself from the cold during the winter

1. Do not water heavily before winter, so that the plants can be trained to endure the cold winter. At the same time, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer to make the plant tissue full and reduce the water content.

2. Do not water too much in the whole winter, because if the soil in the pot is too wet for a long time, the roots of jasmine will not get oxygen for a long time and suffocate and die, and it will also lower the soil temperature and freeze the plants. However, if you do not water for a long time, it will also cause the soil to dry out and crack, causing the jasmine to dry up and die.

3. In winter management, you should always pay attention to whether the temperature, humidity, light, etc. are appropriate. In addition, you should avoid being affected by cold winds and pay attention to ventilation. Especially when the ground warms up, you should open the windows to allow as much ventilation as possible while avoiding wind and cold.

7. Control the flowering period and flowering amount

Around the Qingming Festival, jasmine begins to grow after a winter of dormancy, and pruning is needed at this time.

Specific method: After the pot soil is dry, except for 4 pairs of old leaves on each branch, the rest of the leaves are cut off, but care should be taken not to damage the young buds in the leaf axils. Damaging one bud will result in the loss of a branch and fewer flowers. Jasmine generally grows 5 batches of branches in a year. The first batch is strong and strong, the second batch is medium, the third batch is weak, and the fourth and fifth batches are very thin and weak. Weak branches should also be cut off because they cannot produce a large number of flower buds, and waste nutrients and affect light transmission. If you prune the branches and leaves to concentrate nutrients, you can bloom early.

So, how to make jasmine bloom more? First of all, we must do a good job of picking buds. Around the time of Grain Full, new shoots are growing and then producing flower buds for the first time. Because the temperature is slightly lower at this time, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the flower buds are poorly developed, the flowers are small, and the fragrance of the flowers is also poor. In order to promote more new shoots to grow and produce more and better flower buds, these weak buds should be cut off at the third pair of leaves below them in time. For branches that only grow leaves but no flower buds, their tops should also be cut off, so that the lower part of the cut can usually produce multiple new branches, achieving the purpose of more flowering. In addition, when each batch of flower buds is the size of a mung bean and the first flower just turns white, do not water it temporarily to dry the pot soil, and wait until the plant leaves and flower buds droop before watering, so that nutrients and water can be concentrated on the flower branches and more flowers can bloom.

8. Pest and disease control

The main diseases and pests of jasmine are brown spot disease, white rot and scale insects.

Brown spot disease occurs from May to October, mainly harming tender branches and leaves, causing branch death. Prevention and control methods include spraying branches and leaves with 800 times diluted carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, or cutting off diseased branches and leaves and burning them. White rot disease often occurs after thunderstorms, so the potting soil should be replaced, ventilation and light should be strengthened, or the soil should be disinfected with 5 grams of 70% chloronitrobenzene.

If you do the above points well, and add reasonable fertilizer and water management, your jasmine can be kept full of flowers. The phenomenon of jasmine growing branches and leaves but not blooming is mainly caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient light. If you apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers or let jasmine bask in the sun more according to its habit of preferring light, it will generally not be difficult to bud and bloom. ("Rural Practical Science and Technology Information" author: Hao Jianguo Hua Liling)

★ Jasmine potting technique

Jasmine has a pure and strong fragrance, a quiet and quiet aroma, a stable and long-lasting fragrance, and is beautiful and elegant. People often use it for viewing. It has a high economic value and is an important natural fragrant flower raw material for refined spices and high-end cosmetics. It is also a good fragrant flower for scenting tea. There are many jasmine flowers cultivated in the south. Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong and other places are cultivated outdoors. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other places are potted plants, and moved into greenhouses in winter. I have been engaged in flower work for more than 60 years, and I have accumulated some experience in the potted plant technology of jasmine. The potted plant technology is summarized as follows.

1. Preparation before potting

 (I) Site: To cultivate potted jasmine on a large scale, there must be a site for placing potted flowers. The size of the site depends on the number of potted flowers. The site requires strong light, good air circulation, no water accumulation, close to a water source, and flat terrain. The ground should be tamped and leveled to prevent the ground from being washed away by heavy rain and becoming uneven, making the flower pots unstable. When watering, the water will tilt to one side, causing half of the roots to rot and the other half to lack water, affecting the normal growth of the flowers. Three half-bricks in a triangle or inverted empty pots should be placed on the site for the placement of potted flowers. Doing so can allow ventilation from top to bottom, and can also prevent the site from becoming uneven due to moisture, which is conducive to the growth of jasmine.

 (II) Cultivation soil: The soil quality in the pot is the key to the growth and development of potted jasmine. Jasmine has a well-developed root system and needs to absorb a large amount of water and nutrients from the cultivation soil. Therefore, the cultivation soil is required to be loose and fertile, highly permeable, and slightly acidic. There are three ways to prepare the cultivation soil: the first is to mix 20-30% of rice husk ash with paddy field soil or pond mud and pile it for two years before use; the second is burnt mud, which is piled with weeds, leaves, and soil and burned to ash and then placed for two years before use; the third is to use foreign soil and add 40% of rice husk ash.

(III) Reservoir: It is best if there is a pond or ditch near the flower-growing site, so there is no need to build a reservoir. Because the water temperature of the pond or ditch is similar to the soil temperature in the flower pot, it is suitable for watering flowers. In summer, well water, spring water, and stream water are used to water flowers. The water temperature is relatively low. After watering the flowers, the temperature of the potting soil will drop suddenly, causing the root cells of the jasmine to shrink, affecting the normal physiological activities of the roots and leading to death. Therefore, in flower-growing sites without ponds or ditches and insufficient water sources, a reservoir must be built to store water for watering flowers. The size of the reservoir depends on the number of potted flowers, but the pool is required to be leak-proof. The stored pool water can be tap water. After a period of exposure to the sun and dew, the chemical components in the tap water gradually transform and no longer make the potting soil harden, making it suitable for watering flowers.

(IV) Manure pond: When jasmine is cultivated to a certain period, it is necessary to apply fertilizer and build a manure pond. The manure pond should be covered to allow the feces and urine to rot and mature.

(V) Greenhouse: Jasmines grown in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui must be moved to greenhouses in winter to survive the winter safely. The greenhouses are also equipped with heating equipment. The form, structure, and size of the greenhouses can be determined according to needs. However, the greenhouses must face the sun and have good heat preservation performance.

(6) Flower pots: Choose ceramic pots. New pots are relatively brittle and dry. They should be soaked in water before use to allow them to fully absorb water to avoid competing with jasmine flowers for water and affecting their growth. The flower pots will also be durable.

2. Potted Plant Propagation

Jasmine only blooms but does not produce fruit, so it can only be cultivated by asexual (vegetative) propagation. Cutting, layering and root division are all possible. Since the stems of jasmine have good callus tissue and strong rooting ability, it is easy to operate, manage easily, have high yield, good quality and fast speed.

(1) Cutting time: Cuttings can be taken from Grain Rain to Beginning of Autumn. Cuttings can be taken before Beginning of Summer or before the Dog Days (it is too hot in mid-June). Jasmine flowers cut at this time can bloom and be divided into pots in the same year. Cuttings taken around Beginning of Autumn cannot bloom and be divided into pots in the same year. They can only grow some new shoots and bloom after being overwintered in the greenhouse and then divided into pots.

(II) Selection of seedlings: Good selection of seedlings can make the seedlings strong and produce excellent plants with beautiful shapes and good flower quality and quantity. Generally, 4-inch long strong young shoots with 3-4 bud nodes are cut from 1-2 year old branches as cuttings. It is required that the first cut is successful and no second cut is required, and the cut end is smooth and flat.

(III) Method of cuttings in pots: The pot for seedlings is 1.2 feet in diameter, 0.6 feet in height, and has a small hole at the bottom. Use some small tiles to pad the hole so that water can seep in but not leak a lot of water or soil directly. Then fill the pot with culture soil about 1 inch from the pot mouth. When filling the soil, vibrate it while filling to prevent the seedlings from floating after watering. When cutting, first use a bamboo stick to poke a hole vertically in the pot soil, about 1.4 inches in depth, then gently insert the pre-selected cuttings into the soil along the hole 2 bud nodes, about 1.4 inches. After inserting, do not press the soil with your hands. You can lift the flower pot and shake it a few times to make the soil and cutting branches close together. Generally, 60-75 seedlings can be planted in one pot.

3. Management

(I) Management of seedlings in pots: Jasmine must be watered immediately after cuttings to establish roots. The method is to water until water seeps from the bottom of the pot. You can also put the seedling pot into a wooden basin filled with water in advance and soak it in water. The mouth of the basin must be exposed to the water surface so that water can seep into the seed pot from the bottom of the pot. When the soil is moist, you can take it out and put it in the shade. The shade should be protected from wind and sun. Before dusk, open the reed curtain on the shade to allow the seedlings to get dew and air. If it rains, it must be covered tightly. Do not let rainwater accumulate in the pot to hinder rooting. Use a tut pot to water every day. Sprinkle less and frequently to keep the pot soil slightly moist. Be careful not to use fertilizer water to water, so as not to affect rooting. The seedlings will begin to take root after about 20 days of growth. You can apply thin manure water. After 25-30 days, the root system is basically formed. At this time, the seedlings have survived and can be gradually transplanted into small pots for cultivation. However, since the roots of the surviving seedlings are small and the branches and leaves are tender and crisp, they are still not suitable for exposure. They must be placed in a shade shed with half shade and half sun to gradually adapt to the environment. During the process of transplanting, first use a bamboo stick to gently loosen the soil in the seed pot, then gently pull out the seedlings and gently shake off the soil that can be shaken off the roots, leaving a small amount of soil, and transplant them in the pot (three plants are planted on the three-inch mouth surface, and five plants are planted bare on the four-inch mouth surface). The method is: put three pieces of broken tiles and a layer of nutrient soil on the hole at the bottom of the small flower pot, put the three seedlings vertically, add half of the soil, lift the seedlings slightly upwards, fill the soil to less than half an inch below the mouth of the pot, and water to fix the roots.

(II) Winter management of greenhouse:

1. Preparation before entering the greenhouse: Before and after the Cold Dew, the climate gradually becomes colder. The number and amount of watering should be gradually reduced every day, as long as the pot surface is not dry. Loosen the soil, remove weeds, and shovel the soil on the pot surface. Water once more before entering the greenhouse, until the bottom of the pot is soaked.

2. The time to move the plants into the greenhouse: around the time of the Descent of Frost (preferably before the frost), and all the plants must be moved into the greenhouse before the Beginning of Winter.

3. Placement of flower pots: There should be a flower stand in the greenhouse, divided into several layers. Spread a layer of yellow sand on the flower stand, and place the annual jasmine on it. The sand can play the role of water permeability and temperature conduction.

4. Management of the greenhouse: The doors and windows of the greenhouse should be closed tightly and not ventilated. When you first enter the greenhouse or when the weather warms up, you can open the south window as appropriate, open it when the sun comes out and close it when the sun goes down. In severe cold, the window must not be opened, and it must be covered tightly with straw curtains or reed curtains, opened after the sun comes out and covered before the sun goes down. Let the jasmine get light. The minimum temperature in the greenhouse must not be lower than 0℃ (jasmine grows very poorly at 0℃ but will not die), generally maintained at 3℃ to 4℃. You can also raise the temperature to 6 to 8℃ according to the conditions of the heating equipment, so that the jasmine will grow luxuriantly and bloom.

Jasmine flowers cannot be fertilized after entering the greenhouse, only watering is necessary, which is extremely important for winter management. When entering the greenhouse, you can water it every day, and then water it according to the situation. Generally, you can see if the leaves of the jasmine flowers are a little droopy? Touch the leaves with your hand, if they are soft, water them; if they are a little hard, do not water them. If the pot soil is slightly white, press the pot soil lightly with your hand and feel that it is a little hard, then water it, otherwise do not water it.

5. Remove jasmine from the greenhouse: As the temperature warms up, jasmine flowers should be removed from the greenhouse and stored in the flower garden between Qingming and Guyu. All flowers must be removed from the greenhouse before the beginning of summer at the latest. After the flowers are removed from the greenhouse, they should be watered once until the bottom of the pot leaks. This watering plays an important role in the revival of jasmine flowers.

(III) Pruning: After the jasmine flowers are out of the room, they need to be pruned. Cut off the dead and diseased branches and leaves. This is good for ventilation and light transmission, and helps prevent the spread of pests and diseases. At the same time, it concentrates nutrients and promotes germination and nurturing more buds.

(IV) Repotting: After the jasmine leaves the greenhouse, it needs to be repotted after pruning. Except for the annual jasmine, other jasmines need to be repotted every year. Because after a year of growth, there are few nutrients in the pot, and the soil is relatively hardened. In addition, because the jasmine grows day by day, the growth and plants are taller and more vigorous than before, and the root system is also well developed, so new soil and a large pot are needed. The method is: before repotting, water once, wait for the soil in the pot to dry slightly, turn the pot upside down, pull out the jasmine plant, and try to shake off the soil on the roots. Cut off the old, diseased and poorly growing roots. If the plant grows well and has a well-developed root system, it can also be cultivated by dividing the roots.

4. Flowering Season and Harvesting

(I) Flowering Season: Jasmine flowers have a very long flowering season, from Grain in Ear to Cold Dew, and they bloom continuously. Flowers can be divided into four flowering periods: "Mold flowers", "Fu flowers", "Autumn flowers" and "Flowers after the Mid-Autumn Festival". Only the flowers in the last flowering period cannot be used for tea cellaring, because the fragrance is not strong and the flower quality is poor. If you move them into the greenhouse at around 5 pm every day and move them out at 8 am the next morning, you can improve the quality and quantity of the flowers and still use them for tea cellaring. But this is not economical, and generally flowers in this period are not used.

 (2) Picking flowers: Picking flowers can be divided into three types: "today's flowers", "yesterday's flowers" and "tomorrow's flowers".

1. "Flowers of the day": flowers that can open at around 8 o'clock in the evening of the same day. The buds have matured, and the appearance is plump and white, about to bloom. They are picked in time between 1 and 4 o'clock in the afternoon of the same day and can be cellared to make tea.

2. "Yesterday's flowers": Because they are not picked in time, the flowers have opened and the petals are loose, and most of the fragrance has evaporated after the next day. They have no economic value and cannot be used for tea cellaring. But they must be picked, otherwise it will affect the next flowering.

3. "Tomorrow's Flower": The flower buds are hard, slightly bluish-white, and not yet mature. They must be picked after they mature.

When picking, pinch the flower stalk of the "day flower" with the tip of your index finger and thumb, and remove it together with the flower stalk. If the flower stalk is not removed, it will affect the next bud formation. When there are one or two flowers on the top of the branch and a single leaf below, remove the flower and the single leaf together. When there are one or two flowers on the top of the branch and opposite leaves below, pick the flowers from above the pair of leaves, and do not remove the pair of leaves. Doing so will allow two flower buds to form next time, increasing the yield of flowers.

 (III) Management during the flowering season: The flowering season is also a period of high temperature, strong light, and lush branches and leaves, which requires a lot of water and nutrients. Water 1 to 3 times a day. Water is especially important when the flowers are in full bloom. Water thoroughly and sufficiently at dawn to prevent the jasmine from dying due to evaporation and lack of water in the sun. Fertilize every other day during the dog days, and apply thin manure, urine, or urea. Be sure to water the next day after fertilizing. In case of severe drought, pay more attention to watering multiple times a day. In case of continuous rain or heavy rain, the flower pot can be tilted to one side, so that half of it is high and the other half is low, to prevent waterlogging and root rot. At the same time, turn the tilted pot frequently to prevent it from tilting to one side all the time, causing half of it to lack water and the other half to rot. ("Tea Industry Bulletin" Author: Zhou Jinyuan)

How to prune jasmine

Jasmine has a long flowering period, blooming from early summer to late autumn. It is pure, elegant, fragrant and deeply loved by people. However, many people currently use unreasonable methods to prune jasmine, which is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is that pruning is too heavy, resulting in late flowering and less flowering; the other is that pruning is too light or no pruning, resulting in a closed crown, small flowers, few flowers, and weak plants. These two extremes result in late flowering, low yield, and low economic benefits in large-scale planting. The following is an introduction to its reasonable pruning techniques:

(1) Principles of pruning jasmine.

Jasmine flowers grow in clusters on the top of new branches, and they bloom once each time a new branch is drawn. Therefore, pruning and pinching should be adopted to encourage more and stronger branches. Jasmine flowers like light and heat, good ventilation and light transmission, high temperature, and more and larger flowers. Therefore, pruning should be adopted to encourage more and stronger branches.

Improve the ventilation and light conditions inside the plant by pruning dense branches, weak branches, and overgrown branches.

(2) Pruning period and method.

① Pruning during the dormant period: It should be carried out before the buds sprout in spring to promote the growth of neat and strong branches and adjust the crown.

Pruning method: Cut off diseased and insect-infested branches, dead branches, and weak branches; shorten the tips of one-year-old branches, leaving a base length of 10-15 cm; remove all leaves from the tree.

② Pruning during the growing season: Pruning is carried out from the time of budding in spring to before wintering, so that the new branches are neat and strong. Pruning method: Blind branches (non-flowering branches), overgrown branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, etc. should be pruned as soon as they are seen to facilitate good ventilation and light transmission; after each flowering, the flower stalks and overcrowded branches should be pruned in time to promote the germination of axillary buds, so as to achieve more side branches and more flowers.

buds and more flowers. ("Farmer's Technology" author: Li Xiaoping Liu Xiaorong)

How to grow jasmine well

Jasmine is native to India and Arabia. It likes hot and humid environments, is not cold-resistant or drought-resistant, and requires fertile, loose sandy soil.

Jasmine is divided into southern jasmine and northern jasmine. Southern jasmine has double petals, while northern jasmine has single petals. Northern jasmine has a stronger fragrance than southern jasmine.

Jasmine is propagated by cuttings. Use the branches of the current year as cuttings, water them after inserting, cover them with plastic bags to prevent water evaporation, and they will take root in about 30 days.

After taking root, it can be transplanted in the second year. The culture soil should be loose and mixed with sand and wood ash. When the roots fill the pot, move it to a 4-inch pot. In the third year, plant it in a 5-6-inch pot. Change the pot every year. Jasmine needs sufficient fertilizer. It is advisable to use quick-acting fertilizer frequently during the growth period. Fertilizer should be diluted human feces or oil cake fertilizer (not fermented sesame oil residue). Leaves can be picked in late spring and early summer to promote the growth of new branches and the differentiation of flower buds. At the same time,

It is necessary to cut off dead branches and dense twigs to allow the flower branches to be ventilated and light-permeable, promote early flowering, and make the flowers bloom vigorously.

When repotting, the roots are usually not removed, and the size of the pot is determined by the root growth. The composition of the soil for repotting: humus soil and sandy loam each account for 40%, and sesame oil residue or human feces and oil cake fertilizer account for 20%. Water thoroughly after repotting.

Jasmine is susceptible to scale insects and red spiders. When you find them, you can wash them with water or spray them with pesticides.

Jasmine flowers are fragrant and can be used to soak in water or smoke tea. They bloom from spring to autumn, and a pot of flowers can fill the room with fragrance. ("Flower and Tree Bonsai (Flower Gardening)" by Han Suqin)

How to grow jasmine

Many people don't know how to grow jasmine, which can cause the branches to wither prematurely, the flowers to fall off, or even stop growing. So how do you grow jasmine?

Jasmine likes warm and humid environment, and grows best in a well-ventilated, semi-shady environment. The most suitable soil is slightly acidic sandy loam containing a lot of humus. It is afraid of cold and drought, and is not tolerant to waterlogging and alkaline soil. When the temperature is below 3℃ in winter, the branches and leaves are easily damaged by frost, and if it lasts for a long time, it will die.

The following points should be noted when growing jasmine:

1. Environment and light: Jasmine likes hot, humid, ventilated and breathable environment and needs sufficient light. Strong light will make the branches strong, the leaves dark green, and the flowers abundant and fragrant. Insufficient sunlight will make the nodes sparse and the flowers few and not fragrant. In winter, you can do a good job of cold protection according to the region.

2. Water: Jasmine is not drought-tolerant, but it also avoids waterlogging. In rainy seasons, the water in the pot should be dumped in time, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow. In hot and sunny summer days, water twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. If you find that the leaves are curling, spray water on the leaves to promote growth.

3. Soil: The soil for growing jasmine should be fertile sandy or semi-sandy soil, and it should be planted in slightly acidic soil with a pH value of 6~6.5. 

4. Fertilization: The high temperature season in midsummer is the peak growth period of jasmine. Apply more organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as peanut cake powder, bone meal, superphosphate and multi-element flower fertilizers, twice a month. If the branches and leaves are lush but not blooming, control the fertilizer and water, and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

5. Pruning: Jasmine grows very fast in summer, so it is necessary to prune it in time. When pruning potted jasmine, keep 10 cm to 15 cm at the base to promote the growth of many strong new shoots. After the flowers wither, the flower branches should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the growth of new shoots, making the branches dense, with more buds and more flowers.

6. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: Jasmine is often harmed by borer larvae, scale insects, and red spiders, which often eat the flower buds. You can spray it with all-purpose powder or cypermethrin with 200 times water, once every half a month. It can prevent pests and diseases. The best time to spray is 9 am and 4 pm on sunny days. It is not suitable to spray in the hot sun at noon.

★How to grow jasmine

Garden Selection 

Jasmine is native to the subtropical zone and is adapted to high temperatures and fertile soil. Its requirements for the ecological environment are: it likes light but fears shade, likes fertilizer but fears thinness, likes acid but fears alkali, likes air but fears stuffiness. Therefore, when choosing a garden, we try to get close to its ecological environment and choose land with sufficient sunlight, deep soil, fertile and slightly acidic soil, sufficient water, good drainage and irrigation, and convenient transportation to plant jasmine. After jasmine enters the flower picking season, the flowers must be picked every day and transported to the processing plant for sale. The number of days for picking flowers is more than 200 days a year, so the land for planting jasmine should be within 10 kilometers from the jasmine factory to facilitate the transportation and sale of flowers. 

Variety selection 

Jasmine belongs to the Osmanthus species, genus Jasmine, an evergreen climbing shrub. According to surveys, there are currently more than 60 varieties of jasmine, among which the cultivated varieties mainly include single-petal jasmine, double-petal jasmine and multi-petal jasmine. 

Single-petal jasmine: The plant is relatively short, 70-90 cm tall, with thin stems and branches, and a vine-like shape, so it is called climbing jasmine. The flower buds are slightly pointed and long, small and light. The yield is lower than that of double-petal jasmine, but higher than that of multi-petal jasmine. It is not cold-resistant, not waterlogged, and has weak disease and insect resistance. 

Double-petal jasmine is the main variety cultivated on a large scale for scented tea. The plant is 1-1.5 meters tall, upright, with many branches, thick stems and branches, dark green leaves, thick and shiny leaves, larger flowers than single-petal jasmine and multi-petal jasmine, white and oily buds, and obvious wax. The flower fragrance is strong, the growth is strong, and the adaptability is strong. The yield of fresh flowers (more than 3 years) can reach more than 500 kilograms per mu. 

Multi-petal jasmine: The branches have obvious protrusions, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are tight, round and small, and the top is slightly concave. Multi-petal jasmine flowers take too long to bloom, the fragrance is light, and the yield is low. They are generally not used as fresh flowers for scented tea. 

The following is the method of growing jasmine at home

1 Jasmine is one of the typical strong sun-loving flowers. It grows vigorously in the hot summer season and needs more sun exposure. There is a saying that "jasmine can't be killed by the sun". If there is insufficient light, the leaves will become larger and thinner, the leaf color will turn light green, and there will be fewer flowers and poor fragrance.

2 Fertilization: Jasmine needs plenty of water and fertilizer during its vigorous growth season to promote vigorous growth, more flowers and fragrant flowers. "Clear orchids, turbid jasmines" shows how much jasmine likes fertilizer. If there is a lack of fertilizer, it may not bloom or even drop buds.

3 Watering: Plenty of water is needed during the growing season, but water should be controlled appropriately during the rest of the seasons to prevent the soil from being too wet. Waterlogging in the soil can easily cause root rot.

4 Soil: Jasmine likes acidic soil for cultivation, which can be purchased directly from flower shops. Prepare your own soil, which can be 4 parts of garden soil, 4 parts of compost, 2 parts of mountain yellow sand, and 1 part of plant ash. The best time to plant in a pot is from April to May, not too early.

5. Insulation and windproof: Jasmine is afraid of cold, so bring it indoors and place it in a sunny place before the frost falls. The room temperature should not be lower than 8 degrees. When the temperature is too low, you can put it in a plastic bag to prevent wind and frost. In spring, it is advisable to prevent cold wind, especially northwest wind. It is not advisable to bring it out too early, and it should be around Qingming Festival after the frost stops.

6 Jasmine is prone to leaf color becoming lighter, yellowing, and falling off in large numbers, affecting flowering, and even causing death in severe cases. The main reasons are:

a. Placed indoors for a long time without seeing or getting little sunlight;

b. The potting soil is too wet for a long time, with poor permeability and lack of oxygen, which leads to root rot;

c. Failure to replace the potting soil in time, failure to apply fertilizer in time, and insufficient soil fertility;

d. The soil is alkaline. The solution is to change the soil frequently, apply fertilizer frequently, and fully receive sunlight. If the water quality for watering is alkaline, you can regularly apply about 0.2% ferrous sulfate water during the growing season to change the pH value of the soil and keep it in the slightly acidic range.

7 Other aspects that require attention:

a After each flower withers, the remaining flowers should be removed in time, and the overgrown branches should be trimmed appropriately. Fertilizer should also be applied once; if the quality of flowers is pursued, the first flowers of each year should be removed to ensure that the second flowers are more abundant, thicker and more fragrant.

b When buying jasmine, you should try to buy young plants, as jasmine flowers bloom on new branches. Be careful when buying old plants that have formed stumps, as old stumps often bloom less and are often the plants that flower growers discard after their prime years of flowering; c After taking the flowers out of the house in spring, change the soil in time, remove the old leaves from the previous year, prune the overly long branches (about 10 cm), prune the diseased and dead branches, and the overly dense and thin branches to promote the germination of strong new branches.

d Insect pests are caused by weak plants and poor ventilation, and rarely occur in strong plants.

e Fertilization should be stopped by early September to facilitate lignification of branches and facilitate wintering.

How to make jasmine bloom more? The jasmine flowering period is from early summer to late autumn. Its flowers are fragrant and can also be used to make tea, so it is deeply loved by people.

1. Environment and light: Jasmine likes hot, humid, ventilated and breathable environment. It is a long-day sun-loving plant and needs sufficient light, preferably more than 5 hours of light a day. Jasmine is afraid of cold. Jasmine in central and southern China can be cultivated outdoors to overwinter. In the north, it needs to be kept warm in autumn. When moved indoors, it should be placed in the south-facing sunniest place. Strong light will make the branches strong, the leaves dark green, the flowers more, the color is better, and the fragrance is strong. Therefore, if you want more jasmine flowers, you must have a good environment and sufficient light.

2. Water: Jasmine is not drought-tolerant, but it also avoids waterlogging. In rainy seasons, water should be removed from the pot or planting ground in time, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow, commonly known as water yellow. In hot and sunny summer days, water twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. If you find that the leaves are curling, spray water on the leaves. If there is enough water, there will be more and bigger flowers.

3. Soil: Jasmine should be cultivated in fertile sandy or semi-sandy soil. Planting in slightly acidic soil with a pH value of 6.0-6.5 will result in dense roots and strong growth, while heavy clay soil with low fertility will result in fewer roots, shorter plants, thin stems and leaves, and fewer and smaller flowers.

4. Fertilization: The high temperature season in midsummer is the peak growth period of jasmine, and heavy fertilizers are needed, such as organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as decomposed sesame paste residue, superphosphate, compound fertilizer, and multi-element flower fertilizer, which should be applied twice a week. In the summer growing season, lush branches and leaves but no flowers are common. The main reason is excessive nitrogen fertilizer. At this time, nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased. At the same time, attention should be paid to moving jasmine to a sunny and well-ventilated place.

5. Pruning: Jasmine grows very fast in summer, so it is necessary to prune it in time. After pruning potted jasmine, keep 10-15 cm of the base to promote strong new shoots. If the new shoots grow very vigorously, they should be pinched when they grow 10 cm. Promoting secondary shoots will result in more flowers and a compact plant shape. After the flowers fade, they should be cut off at the flower branches to reduce nutrient consumption.

6. Pest and disease control: Jasmine is often damaged by scale insects and red spiders, which often attack the flower buds, and the most serious damage is from July to September. You can spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at a concentration of 1000 times, once every half a month, and spray 2-3 times in a row.

7. Flowering period: Do not spray water on the jasmine flowers during the flowering period to prevent premature flower falling and loss of fragrance. In case of heavy rain, shelter from rain or move the jasmine indoors.

As long as you fully understand the cultivation principles of jasmine and practice them seriously, you will be able to make your jasmine strong and fragrant.

The following are the methods for breeding and breeding jasmine in large quantities.

Jasmine generally does not bear fruit after blooming (rarely bear fruit), so asexual cultivation is the only way to produce it. There are several methods, such as cuttings, layering, and division. Jasmine has strong regeneration ability, and the cutting method has the advantages of fast rooting and high seedling rate compared with layering and division, which is easy to operate and saves materials, so it is widely used. 

Layering is the use of the lower part of the jasmine plant sprouting branches or branches with a certain length, and the middle part is pressed into the soil, so that it grows new roots and becomes an independent new plant after being cut off from the mother branch. The premise is that there must be a mother tree of jasmine, and each mother tree can press a few branches, which cannot meet the supply of a large number of seedlings. Generally, potted plants and ponds are used to supplement seedlings. 

Plant division: Jasmine is a bushy shrub, and the rhizome can produce many adventitious roots. Plants over two years old often have several stems and branches, and these stems with roots can be used for plant division. The premise of this method is that there must be a jasmine mother tree over two years old. Moreover, the number of plants cultivated is lower than that of layering and cuttings, and cannot meet the needs of large-scale cultivation. 

The nursery bed for cuttings and propagation occupies a small area and has a high land utilization rate. About 100,000 seedlings can be cultivated per mu. Since the cuttings are concentrated in the nursery, it is easy to manage and there is ample room for selecting seedlings. Therefore, the seedlings are of high quality and grow in an orderly manner. At the same time, they are suitable for large-scale production of seedlings, so they are widely used in production. 

How to grow jasmine seedlings by cuttings: 

Select cuttings. The cuttings used for cultivation mainly come from the branches cut off during the annual pruning. Choose mature branches that are free of pests and diseases and have a certain thickness. The middle and lower parts of the same branch are the best. 

Selection of nursery: The soil must be loose and fertile, with sufficient water resources, convenient drainage and irrigation, and sandy soil or sandy loam with convenient transportation. 

Soil preparation: Before raising seedlings in the nursery, deep plow and sunbathe, harrow and level the ground, dig drainage ditches around the ground, and dig ditches with a width of 120 cm, a width of 25 cm, and a depth of 20 cm. The soil surface should be flat and the soil particles should be fine. After the seedbed is fully wetted, spray the seedbed with 150 ml/mu of pre-emergence herbicide-Du'a mixture mixed with water. Cover the bed with mulch for winter seedling raising. 

Jasmine cuttings cutting and processing 

Gather the branches cut during the annual overhaul in a shaded place, and organize manpower to cut cuttings. The operation method is: select branches with 2-3 nodes and a length of about 10 cm, cut off the leaves, cut the upper end flat about 1 cm away from the axillary buds, and cut the lower end into a 45-degree oblique mouth about 1 cm away from the axillary buds. Bundle them into bundles of 80-100 branches, and store the cut cuttings in a cool place to keep them moisturized. 

Before cutting, the cuttings should be treated with chemicals. First, soak them in 1000 times solution of Shibao Ke for 3-5 minutes, remove them and let them dry. Then soak them in 50PPM rooting powder solution for 20-30 minutes, remove them and cut them into the seedbed according to the plant spacing of 12cm×4cm. When cutting, the top of the cuttings should be about 3cm away from the soil surface. 150,000 cuttings can be cut per mu. 

Seedbed Management for Jasmine Cuttings 

The soil of the seedling bed for cuttings should be kept moist. Pay attention to frequent weeding on sunny days to keep the seedlings free of weeds. The seedlings in the seedling bed are small and have few roots, so water and fertilizer should be applied. It is best to use clear manure water for watering. Apply thinly and frequently, and fertilize once a month. If pests and diseases are found in the seedling bed, they should be prevented and controlled in time. You can spray once a month with 1000 times of Sclerotium Net + 1000 times of Insecticide. After the seedlings grow to 6-8 months, they have more than 2 branches, two layers of roots, and a height of more than 30 cm before they can be transplanted. 

Transplanting 

Transplanting period 

It can be done all year round in places with irrigation conditions. However, spring and autumn are the best seasons, which are suitable for the root growth of jasmine. At the same time, it can be harvested in the same year of planting. The temperature in autumn is also very suitable for the root growth of jasmine. The temperature in summer is too high, which is not suitable for the root growth of jasmine. When transplanting, the leaves are easy to dry and affect survival. The temperature in winter is also low and the wind is strong, which can easily dry the leaves, slow the growth of jasmine and affect survival. 

Cultivation specifications 

In order to facilitate arrangement, the soil should be planted in a wetland. The width of the wetland should be based on the principle of fertilization, soil cultivation and harvesting. Generally, the width of the wetland is 120 cm, the height of the wetland is 20 cm, and the width of the wetland ditch is 25 cm. A planting ditch 30 cm wide and 10 cm deep is dug on both sides of the wetland surface, with a plant spacing of 25 cm and a row spacing of 60 cm. 4,000 plants are planted per mu. 

Transplanting method 

Select seedlings with a height of more than 30 cm, more than two branches, two layers of roots, normal leaf color, strong plants, and no diseases and insect pests. Cut off branches and leaves over 25 cm, cut off excessively long roots, and treat the roots with 0.1% of Shibaoke + 0.3% of general calcium solution for 3-5 minutes before planting. Plant in the planting ditch with a spacing of 25 cm. Plant straight and straight, with the roots straight and connected to the soil without cavities, and do not expose the roots. Water the roots enough to settle. The surface can be covered with bagasse, straw, sugarcane leaves, etc.

How to Make Jasmine Bloom More 

Environment and light: Jasmine likes hot, humid, ventilated and breathable environment, and needs sufficient light. Jasmine is afraid of cold. In the south, potted jasmine can be cultivated outdoors for wintering. In the north, it needs to be kept warm in autumn and winter and moved indoors to face south. Strong light will make the branches strong, the leaves dark green, and the flowers numerous and fragrant. Insufficient sunlight will make the nodes sparse, the flowers few and not fragrant. 

Water: Jasmine is not drought-tolerant, but it also avoids waterlogging. In rainy seasons, the water in the pot should be dumped in time, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow. In hot and sunny summer days, water it twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. If you find that the leaves are curling, spray water on the leaves to promote growth. 

Soil: The best soil for growing jasmine is fertile sandy and semi-sandy soil. If planted in slightly acidic soil with a pH value of 6 to 6.5, the roots will be dense and the growth will be vigorous. If the soil is heavy and lacks a substrate, the fertility will be low and the aeration will be poor, then the root system will be small, the plant will be short, the stems and leaves will be thin, and the flowers will be few and small. 

Fertilization: The high temperature season in midsummer is the peak growth period for jasmine. Apply more organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as peanut cake powder, bone meal, superphosphate and multi-element flower fertilizer, twice a month. Jasmine often has lush branches and leaves but no flowers during the summer growth period. The main reason is that too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, causing the branches and leaves to grow too long. In this case, control the fertilizer and water, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, promote the formation of flower buds, and pay attention to moving the jasmine to a place with sufficient sunlight and good ventilation. 

Pruning: Jasmine grows very fast in summer, so it is necessary to prune it in time. When pruning potted jasmine, keep 10 cm to 15 cm from the base to promote the growth of many strong new shoots. If the new shoots grow very vigorously, they should be pinched when they grow 10 cm to promote the growth of secondary shoots, so that there will be more flowers and the plant will be compact. After the flowers wither, the flower branches should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the growth of new shoots, making the branches dense, with more buds and more flowers. 

Jasmine disease and pest control: Jasmine is often harmed by borer larvae, scale insects and red spiders, which are most serious from July to September. They often eat the flower buds. You can use all-purpose powder or cypermethrin mixed with 200 times water for spraying. Spray once every half a month. Even if no diseases or pests occur, you should still spray to prevent them first. The best time to spray is 9 am and 4 pm on sunny days. Do not spray under the scorching sun at noon to prevent pesticide damage. 

Jasmine care during flowering period: Do not spray water on the flowers during flowering period to prevent premature flower falling and disappearance of fragrance. When it rains, the potted jasmine should be moved to a sheltered place. 

Jasmine Fertilizer Water 

In summer, when jasmine enters the peak flowering period, you should pay attention to keeping the pot soil moist. Jasmine likes fertilizer, so you should apply a decomposed thin liquid fertilizer once every 3-5 days, or add a small amount of light liquid fertilizer when watering the flowers. If the pot soil becomes compacted, loosen the soil before fertilizing. In autumn, you should appropriately reduce the amount of watering and gradually stop fertilizing. Before the lowest outdoor temperature drops to 5 degrees, move the potted flowers into the sun indoors. When you first move them into the room, open the windows frequently for ventilation. And control watering. 

Jasmine pruning 

A flower proverb says: "If jasmine is not pruned, it will be obvious that the branches are weak and the flowers are few", "Pruning must be severe so that the flowers can bloom steadily", but when people grow jasmine, they often focus on fertilizer and water and neglect pruning. They are even reluctant to cut off the dead branches after winter, resulting in thin branches, withered leaves, unsightly plant shape, and few flowers. 

Jasmine pruning, in addition to cutting off the thin and weak branches after wintering in spring, leaving only the thick base for new buds to sprout, summer pruning is very important. After the flowers fade, the branches should be left with 3-5 nodes in time and the tops should be cut off to promote the sprouting of new buds and ensure the flowers are prosperous. 

Jasmine starts to bloom in early summer. If it is properly cultivated and managed, it can have three phases of flowering. 

In early June, jasmine flowers bloom one after another, but these flowers are generally small and few, so they should be picked in time, otherwise they will consume too much nutrients, which will affect the quality and quantity of future flowering, delay the flowering period, and affect the viewing experience. The method of picking flowers is to remove the tender branches with leaves and flowers, so as to promote the growth of new branches and lush branches and leaves. At this time, apply light fertilizer and water twice a week and keep the pot soil moist. 

The first flowering period is from late June to early July. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management, apply thin fertilizer frequently, apply fertilizer once every two days, and apply fully decomposed organic liquid fertilizer, with a fertilizer-water ratio of 1:4. Watering should be sufficient, generally once every two days. Usually, watering should be done in the morning, and fertilizing is best done in the evening. This continues until late July, and due to sufficient fertilizer and water, the flowers can bloom large and numerous. 

In early August, the second phase of flowers is formed. At this time, the fertilizer should be slightly more concentrated than before, and it is generally appropriate to use half fertilizer and half water. In order to promote better flowering of jasmine, you can also spray superphosphate solution on the leaves. By late August, gradually reduce the fertilizer, apply once every 6 to 7 days, and water more frequently, maintain once every 2 days. 

From early September to early October, the third phase of flowers is formed. At this time, fertilization should be stopped and the amount of watering should be gradually reduced. As the weather has gradually turned cooler, it will affect the formation of flower buds, so the number of this batch of flowers is relatively small. Flowering ends after mid-October, and you only need to keep the soil in the pot slightly moist. 

The above introduces the methods of jasmine cultivation at home and large-scale jasmine cultivation by farmers. For reference only