Flower cultivation Flower classification and cultivation knowledge

　　Generally speaking, "flower" refers to the reproductive organ of a plant, which refers to an ornamental plant with graceful posture, bright colors and fragrant smell, and "Hui" is a general term for grass. It is customary to include shrubs with ornamental value and small trees that can be potted, collectively referred to as "flowers".

　　Strictly speaking, flowers have two meanings, broad and narrow. Flowers in the narrow sense refer to herbaceous plants with ornamental value. Such as Impatiens, Chrysanthemum, Salvia, Cockscomb, etc.; Flowers in the broad sense include herbaceous or woody ground cover plants, flowering shrubs, flowering trees and bonsai, in addition to herbaceous plants with ornamental value, such as ground cover plants such as Ophiopogon japonicus, Sedum, and Phlox, and trees and flowering shrubs such as plum blossoms, peach blossoms, roses, and camellias. In addition, tall trees and shrubs distributed in the southern region can only be grown in greenhouse potted plants when moved to the cold northern regions, such as white orchids, Indian rubber trees, and palm plants are also included in the broad sense of flowers.

　　There are many types of flowers, covering a wide range, including not only flowering plants, but also mosses and ferns. There are also many ways to cultivate and apply them. Therefore, there are many different classification methods for flowers. Here are some commonly used classification methods.

　　Classification based on ecological habits

　　This classification method is based on the life form and ecological habits of flower plants and is the most widely used.

　　Field Flowers

　　That is, the entire growth process is completed under natural conditions, without the need for protected cultivation. Outdoor flowers can be divided into three categories according to their life history.

　　⒈ Annual flower.

　　Plants that complete their life cycle in one growing season. That is, from sowing to flowering, fruiting, and dying, all are completed in one growing season. Generally, they are sown in spring, grow in summer and autumn, bloom and bear fruit, and then die. Therefore, annual flowers are also called spring-sown flowers. Such as angelica, cockscomb, zinnia, half-flower, marigold, etc.

　　⒉ Biennial flowers.

　　Flowers that complete their life cycle within two growing seasons. They only grow vegetative organs in the first year, and bloom, bear fruit, and die the following year. These flowers are usually sown in autumn and bloom in the following spring. Therefore, these flowers are often called autumn-sown flowers. Examples include dianthus, violets, kale, cineraria, etc.

　　⒊ Perennial flowers.

　　Individuals with a lifespan of more than two years can bloom and bear fruit many times. Based on the changes in the underground part, they can be divided into two categories:

　　⑴ Perennial flowers: The underground parts have normal shapes and no abnormalities, such as peony, hosta, daylily, etc.

　　⑵ Bulbous flowers: those with abnormally enlarged underground parts. They are divided into the following five categories according to their abnormal shapes.

　　①: Bulbs, underground stems are scale-like. Those with papery outer skin are called cortical bulbs, such as daffodils, tulips, and amaryllis. Those without outer skin on the scales are called skinless bulbs, such as lilies.

　　②: Bulbs. The underground stems are spherical or oblate, with a leathery outer skin. Such as gladiolus, freesia, etc.

　　③: Rhizomes. The underground stems are enlarged and root-like, with obvious nodes on them, and new buds grow at the tops of the branches, such as canna, lotus, water lily, hosta, etc.

　　④: Tubers. The underground stems are irregular in shape, such as calla lily, cyclamen, gloxinia, tuberose, etc.

　　⑤: Tuberous roots. The underground taproot is enlarged and tuberous, and the root system grows from the end of the tuber, such as dahlia.

　　4. Aquatic flowers

　　Flowers that grow in water or swamps, such as water lilies and lotus.

　　5. Rock flowers

　　Refers to flowers that are drought-resistant and suitable for rock gardens. They are often used in gardens. They are usually perennial or woody subshrubs, as well as ferns and other flowers that prefer shade and moisture.

　　Greenhouse Flowers

　　Refers to flowers that originate from tropical, subtropical and southern warm regions. They must be cultivated in greenhouses in cold northern regions or need to be protected in greenhouses during the winter. They can be divided into the following categories:

　　⒈ One or two-year-old flowers, such as cineraria, cattail flower, sweet pea, etc.

　　⒉ Perennial flowers, such as gerbera, Clivia, etc.

　　⒊ Bulbous flowers, such as cyclamen, amaryllis, gloxinia, calla lily, calamus, etc.

　　4. Orchidaceae plants are divided into the following according to their ecological habits:

　　⑴ Terrestrial orchids: such as spring orchid, onion orchid, Jian orchid, etc.

　　⑵Epiphytic orchids: such as Dendrobium, Vanda, Paphiopedilum, etc.

　　⒌ Succulent plants: refers to plants with well-developed water storage tissues in their stems and leaves, which are thick and juicy. They include plants from the Cactaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae, Agaveaceae, etc.

　　⒍ Ferns. According to different ways of viewing, they can be divided into the following four categories:

　　⑴ Garden greening ferns. Such as green cloud grass and Alsophila spinulosa. Alsophila spinulosa, also known as tree fern, is the largest fern plant, which can reach more than 10 meters in height. It is an ancient group, an endangered species in the genus, and a first-class protected plant. In addition, Sophora japonica and Azolla chinensis are good materials for water surface greening.

　　(2) Potted foliage ferns, such as Lycopodium, Black Fern, Centipede Grass, Maidenhair Fern, etc. Among them, Lycopodium, Nephrolepis, and Iron Fern are important leaf materials for cut flowers.

　　⑶ Hanging ferns, such as kidney fern and nest fern.

　　⑷ Rock bonsai ferns. Such as Selaginella and Pteris fasciata. Among them, Pteris fasciata is the smallest among ferns, only a few centimeters in size.

　　⒎ Carnivorous plants. Such as pitcher plants and pitcher plants. In some cut flower arts, they are often used as artistic flower arrangement materials.

　　⒏ Plants of the family Campephagaceae, such as water tower flower and pineapple.

　　⒐ Plants of the palm family, such as fan palm, bamboo palm, miniature coconut palm and other foliage flowers.

　　⒒ Flowers and trees include poinsettia, croton, etc.

　　⒓ Aquatic flowers such as Victoria amazonica, tropical water lilies, etc.

　　Classification by garden use

　　1. Flowerbed Flowers

　　Refers to one- or two-year-old outdoor flowers that can be used to decorate flower beds. For example, pansies and dianthus bloom in spring; daffodils and daisies are often planted in flower beds in summer; salvias, marigolds, and September daisies are used in autumn; and kale can be appropriately arranged in flower beds in winter.

　　2. Potted flowers

　　It is a potted flower used to decorate indoor and garden areas, such as hibiscus, asparagus fern, poinsettia, kumquat, etc.

　　3. Indoor flowers

　　Refers to a type of flowers that carry out the dark reaction process of photosynthesis through the C4 pathway. Generally, foliage plants can be used as indoor ornamental flowers, such as the fortune tree, Brazilian wood, green giant, green basket, colorful corn, etc.

　　4. Cut flowers

　　⑴ Perennials: such as gerbera, baby's breath, and strelitzia.

　　⑵ Bulbs: lily, tulip, marigold, freesia, etc.

　　⑶ Woody cut flowers: such as peach blossoms, plum blossoms, and peonies.

　　5. Foliage flowers

　　It is mainly determined by the ornamental part, such as the green giant, the iron tree, the fern, etc.

　　6. Shade Flowers

　　In garden design, flowers that grow under the shade of pavilions and trees, such as Ophiopogon japonicus, safflower and ferns, can all be used as shade flowers.

　　7. Positive flowers

　　Sun-loving flowers

　　Flowers that need plenty of sunlight to bloom are called sun-loving flowers. Sun-loving flowers are suitable for growing under full light or strong light. If there is insufficient light, they will grow poorly, bloom late or not at all, and the flowers will not be bright in color or have a strong fragrance. Sun-loving flowers, such as:

　　(1) Spring flowers: plum blossom, daffodil, winter jasmine, peach blossom, white orchid, purple magnolia, viburnum, crabapple, quince crabapple, weeping crabapple, peony, peony, lilac, rose, rose, bauhinia, weigela, forsythia, Yunnan yellow jasmine, euphorbia, cyclamen, hyacinth, tulip, calla lily, vinca, geranium, primrose, cineraria, petunia, poppy, snapdragon, and vernum.

　　(2) Flowers in summer and autumn: white jade flower, jasmine, Milan, Murraya, woody tuberose, osmanthus, sweet-scented osmanthus, magnolia, hibiscus, hibiscus, crape myrtle, oleander, triangle flower, pineapple flower, June snow, dahlia, five-color plum, canna, sunflower, hollyhock, gerbera, frangipani, red flower allium, aster, salvia, cockscomb, impatiens, barbata, wild hibiscus, daisy, marigold, chrysanthemum, lotus, water lily, etc.

　　(3) Winter flowers: wintersweet, poinsettia, silver willow, camellia, freesia, etc.

　　(4) Fruit trees: ginkgo, pomegranate, kumquat, orange, grape, loquat, jujube, persimmon, kiwi, fig, coleus, pyracantha, winter coral, etc.

　　(5) Vines: wisteria, trumpet creeper, rose, osmanthus, honeysuckle, creeper, morning glory, morning glory, etc.

　　(6) Foliage ornamental plants: five-needle pine, black pine, golden pine, cedar, arborvitae, yew, willow, tamarisk, red maple, palm tree, boxwood, rubber tree, cycad, dracaena, banana, croton, false leaf tree, coleus, etc.

　　(7) Succulent plants: cactus, triangular shrub, prickly pear, mountain cactus, jewelweed, hairy palm, etc.

　　Classification by economic use

　　1. Medicinal flowers

　　For example, peony, peony, platycodon, morning glory, ophiopogon, cockscomb, iris, lily, fritillaria and dendrobium are important medicinal plants. In addition, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, lotus, etc. are all common Chinese medicinal materials.

　　2. Spice Flowers

　　Fragrant flowers are widely used in food and light industry. For example, osmanthus can be used as food spices and wine, jasmine and white orchid can be used to smoke tea, chrysanthemum can be used to make high-end food and dishes, white orchid, rose, daffodil, wintersweet can be used to extract essence, and rose oil extracted from roses is known as "liquid gold" in the international market. Its value is more expensive than gold. In the market, a rose bud alone is worth 6 cents.

　　3. Edible Flowers

　　The leaves or flowers of flowers can be eaten directly. For example, lilies can be used as cut flowers and eaten; chrysanthemums and daylilies can be used as greening seedlings and can also be eaten.

　　Classification of flowers by their origin

　　Climate type

　　A climate type

　　It is also called the continental east coast climate type. This climate type is divided into warm type and cool type due to the different winter temperatures:

　　1. Warm type (low latitude areas) For example: daffodils, carnations, camellias, azaleas, lilies, etc.

　　2. Cool type (high latitudes) For example: chrysanthemum, peony, peonies, and crabapples.

　　2 European climate type

　　It is also called the continental west coast climate type, such as pansies, daisies, kale, violets, etc. This type of flowers is generally cultivated as a biennial in our area, that is, sown in summer and autumn, and blooms in the following spring.

　　Three Mediterranean climate types

　　Because the climate in these areas is dry in summer, perennial flowers often grow in bulbous form, such as hyacinth, freesia, tulip, cyclamen, and sorrel.

　　The Mexican climate type is also called the tropical plateau climate type, which is found in tropical and subtropical mountainous areas. Yunnan Province also belongs to this type. Its native flowers include: dahlia, poinsettia, marigold, Yunnan camellia, rose, etc.

　　Tropical climate type: Flowers native to tropical areas need to be grown in greenhouses in temperate zones, while annual herbaceous flowers can be grown in the open field during the frost-free period:

　　1. Famous tropical flowers native to Asia, Africa and Oceania include: Cockscomb, Tiger Tail Orchid, Coleus, Croton, etc.

　　2. Famous tropical flowers native to Central and South America include anthurium, periwinkle, canna, morning glory, etc.

　　Six desert climate types

　　These areas are mostly barren deserts, dominated by succulent plants.

　　1. Aloe. The varieties planted in Shuyang Agriculture and Forestry Bureau Science and Technology Park mainly include Curacao, zebra, arborvitae, Yuanjiang, and saponin.

　　2. Cacti. There are two types: common ornamental cacti and edible cacti.

　　3. Bachelor tree. Also known as green jade tree. Native to tropical South Africa, it can be cultivated in the open field in Southwest China and South China.

　　4. Agave. Sisal, a common greening tree species, is a plant of the same genus.

　　Seven cold climate types

　　It is mainly distributed in Alaska and Siberia. The climate in these areas is long and cold in winter, and short and cool in summer. The plant growth period is only 2-3 months. Due to the long days and strong winds in summer, the plants are short and grow slowly, often in a cushion shape. The main flowers are: fine-leaved lily, gentian, and snow lotus.

　　Classification by natural distribution

　　They are divided into tropical flowers, temperate flowers, frigid flowers, alpine flowers, aquatic flowers, rock flowers and desert flowers.

　　"Flowers" can be interpreted in a narrow sense and a broad sense. In a narrow sense, "flowers" refer to herbaceous plants with ornamental value, such as chrysanthemums and impatiens. In a broad sense, "flowers" refer to plants whose flowers, stems, leaves, fruits or roots have ornamental value in form or color. Therefore, flowers in a broad sense include not only herbaceous plants, but also trees, shrubs, vines and ground cover plants.

　　Note:

　　1. Advantages of hydroponic flowers

　　1. Plants grown without soil grow fast, have well-developed root systems, strong growth and good quality.

　　Soilless flowers break the limitations of traditional flower cultivation. You can choose craft vessels of various materials and shapes as flower pots. Not only are they clean and hygienic, and easy to manage, but they also greatly improve the ornamental effect and artistic value of potted flowers, achieving a perfect combination of plants, containers, and the environment. "Zhaowang" soilless flowers eliminate the bottom holes of the flower pots, and potted flowers will no longer drip muddy water, and can be placed anywhere in the home. Since the bottom of the pot can accumulate nutrient solution, there is no need to water it every day, which is suitable for the fast-paced modern life. The nutrient solution is not dry, so it is not added. If it is dry, it can be added. It is simple and convenient, and does not require cumbersome management techniques. It is a popular craft potted flower.

　　2. Since the soil is completely abandoned, the flowers are freed from muddy water, which not only reduces the diseases and pests of the flowers, but also makes them clean, pollution-free and easy to manage.

　　Clean: Get rid of soil and manure, and eliminate holes at the bottom of flower pots.

　　Save trouble: No need to water frequently, loosen the soil, weed, change the soil, or apply fertilizer.

　　Simple: Don’t add nutrient solution unless it’s dry; add it if it’s dry.

　　Beautiful: The containers are technologically advanced, with various materials and shapes. Soilless flower maintenance methods

　　3. Fertilization can be applied flexibly according to the different types of flowers to artificially balance nutrition. It is not restricted by regional water quality and soil quality, and the nutrient solution can be recycled.

　　Since the container has no bottom hole, water can accumulate at the bottom and it does not need to be watered frequently. In order to prevent excessive water accumulation in the container and affect growth, a side hole is often drilled at one-third of the distance from the bottom to limit the water level in the container. In other words, the water level in the container should not exceed one-third of the height of the container. If there is no side hole, you can tilt the container at a certain angle and check the water level to determine how much water is inside.

　　4. Changed the traditional cultivation method, avoiding the disadvantage of water accumulation and root rot in soil cultivation. The new bottomless hole cultivation container is used to facilitate the use of indoor cultivation space, light weight and easy to carry. The entire container is divided into two areas, upper and lower, with the liquid surface as the boundary. The liquid storage area below the liquid surface accumulates nutrient solution and continuously supplies it upward; the root growth area above the liquid surface is used to grow roots.

　　2. Home hydroponic terrestrial flowers are prone to root rot

　　The static hydroponic flowers commonly introduced in the market have two ways of supplying oxygen to the roots: one is to use the dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution; the other is to receive oxygen directly from the air. The former is that the tip of the root system is immersed in the nutrient solution, and oxygen is naturally dissolved through the contact between the liquid surface and the air; the latter is the upper end of the root system, that is, the partial root system is exposed to the air and directly absorbs oxygen.

　　The part of the flower root system exposed to the air is directly in an environment with an oxygen concentration of 2.3×100000ppm (the volume percentage of oxygen in the air is about 21%); when the tip of the flower root system is planted in water, the oxygen concentration in the rhizosphere drops sharply and is limited by the saturated dissolved amount of oxygen in the water (<15ppm). The difference in oxygen concentration between the two is 10,000 times. Under a certain temperature and pressure, the oxygen dissolved in water has reached the maximum amount, which is called the saturated dissolved amount of oxygen. The saturated dissolved amount of oxygen (O2) dissolved in water is different at different air pressures and temperatures.

　　For home hydroponic flowers, since the root tips are in the nutrient solution, the oxygen concentration naturally dissolved in the water surface is about 4%-8% of the saturated dissolved oxygen on average. For example, when the liquid temperature is 20℃, the dissolved oxygen in the hydroponic solution is only about 0.37ppm-0.74ppm.

　　When the dissolved oxygen content in the rhizosphere of most terrestrial plants is below 2.8ppm, the upper leaves begin to wilt; when the dissolved oxygen content in the rhizosphere is below 1.5ppm, the root respiration rapidly deteriorates and growth becomes difficult; when the dissolved oxygen content in the rhizosphere is below 0.5ppm, the root system almost stops growing or dies (rots). The dissolved oxygen in the water of hydroponics is extremely low, and the root system is extremely difficult to breathe oxygen, which has been reduced to the critical standard (0.5ppm) for the cessation of life or death of general terrestrial plants. It is emphasized here that even if part of the roots of flowers are directly exposed to the air, it cannot change the dangerous state of oxygen respiration failure of the tip of the root system that has been immersed in the nutrient solution for a long time, that is, it is difficult to get rid of the bad consequences of "dead water must rot"; if the roots are fortunately not rotten, it is at most a prolongation to maintain the life of the plant. "Roots in water" means no root hair roots, which are bound to be far worse than the growth situation in soil potted plants.

　　Some static hydroponic flowers have their roots planted in transparent glass containers. Under direct sunlight, the nutrient solution can also cause a photosynthesis reaction with carbon dioxide. The presence of trace amounts of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the water will promote the synthesis reaction and increase the number of green plants, especially algae. When the rate of increase exceeds the rate of degradation, eutrophication will occur. The continuous death of algae will produce a musty odor and accelerate the corruption of the roots. (However, the light intensity indoors is low and the above phenomenon will not occur. Therefore, when using glass containers to plant hydroponic flowers, do not expose them to direct sunlight.)

　　Home hydroponic terrestrial flowers are prone to root rot. The temporary countermeasures are: 1. Do not place flowers on the balcony to avoid direct sunlight and reduce the root oxygen respiration level to prevent the dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution from dropping sharply due to the increase in the root oxygen consumption rate; 2. Reduce the total concentration of the nutrient solution to make the conductivity lower than 0.6 millisiemens/cm (ms/cm); 3. Do not use ammonium nitrogen in the nutrient solution, and use chelated iron, manganese, zinc, and copper; 4. Increase the contact surface area between the nutrient solution and the air as much as possible to increase the dissolved oxygen rate; 5. Increase the frequency of changing the nutrient solution, especially in the hot summer, change the nutrient solution once a day (reduce the concentration of the nutrient solution), which is beneficial to increase the dissolved oxygen.

　　The ultimate solution to root rot in hydroponics: 1. Thoroughly remove the rotten roots, use a micro submersible pump (all standard products for aquariums) to aerate the nutrient solution to increase the dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution; thoroughly remove the rotten roots, and immediately transfer the flowers to soilless pots (with holes in the bottom of the pot) with inorganic minerals and mineral wool such as vermiculite or agricultural rock wool as the matrix. The oxygen concentration in the root zone can reach 1×100000ppm-2×100000ppm. At this time, all roots obtain sufficient oxygen and have vigorous respiration.

　　3. Common technical issues

　　1. How do hydroponic flowers survive the winter? Can ordinary flowers survive the winter safely?

　　Generally, it is required to be above 5 degrees. In the north, if it is indoors, there is no problem; but if it is a greenhouse, you can consider using a hot air blower in the greenhouse. An ordinary hot air blower costs about 300-800 yuan. Use a timer to set the time. The heating time is not long every day, so this is also done in some places in Guangdong with a temperature of 0 degrees. In the north, you can consider using coal or steam for heating.

　　2. Is your flower production environment a greenhouse?

　　It is a greenhouse. Since the cost of a greenhouse is not high, the annual rent of a 200 square meter greenhouse is only about 2,000-2,500 yuan. Since the production cycle of hydroponic flowers is short, it is generally sufficient. For larger ones, they usually have their own flower farm base, several acres, and build their own greenhouses. The cost is very low, and they start from small seedlings, so the cost is even lower.

　　3. How do I use streptomycin? Should I soak the roots or just dip them?

　　It is agricultural streptomycin, which is prepared into corresponding concentration according to the pesticide instructions. Generally, it is soaked for 3-5 minutes, only soaking the root and rhizome.

　　4. How long can ecological farming last?

　　Fish can be purchased locally. The nutrient solution does not have a big impact on the fish, and the nutrient solution itself also provides some mineral nutrients. Generally speaking, depending on the species, the length of time for feeding can meet the needs of viewing.

　　5. Can the nutrient solution be used when switching from soil culture to hydroponics?

　　The nutrient solution can be used when switching from soil culture to hydroponics. If you are inexperienced, it is recommended to use half a dose of nutrient solution first, that is, dilute the original 200-fold concentrated solution 400 times before use (or dilute the original 400-fold concentrated solution 800 times before use), and use a dose of nutrient solution after about a month. Of course, soil-cultured flowers can also use nutrient solution.

　　

　　6. Does it take 1-2 months for plants to adapt from soil culture to hydroponics?

　　It doesn't necessarily take 1-2 months, and it can be completed in 7 days. Generally speaking, it is faster when the temperature is high and slower in winter. Generally, when white roots appear, it indicates that the plant has basically adapted to hydroponics and can be sold, so there is less potential after-sales service.

　　7. What should I pay attention to when growing bromeliads hydroponically?

　　 When hydroponically growing bromeliads, the water level should be raised to ensure that there is moisture at the bottom of the planted orchid. 8. How to manage Euphorbia and Golden Bark?

　　 is a fleshy plant, so the water level should not be too high and must not reach the rhizome, but it is necessary to ensure that the water vapor reaches the root base, which is generally the bottom of the planted orchid.

　　9. How to care for ornamental tomatoes. What should be the temperature and light control during the maintenance period?

　　This ornamental tomato is very shade-tolerant and can last for 1-2 months indoors, but it is better to have sunlight and the temperature should be above 0 degrees, preferably above 5 degrees. Generally, ignore its light.

　　10. What is hydroponic flower technology? Can flowers and fish be raised together?

　　It mainly provides the domestication techniques and precautions for converting soil-grown flowers to hydroponics (provided to customers in the form of a CD, free of charge). It can also achieve co-cultivation of flowers and fish.

　　11. Can it only cultivate certain specific flower species or is it applicable to all common flowers?

　　Both specific flower species and popular flowers are acceptable.

　　12. After the seedlings leave the soil and are cultivated in the nutrient solution, do all the seedlings require the same amount of nutrient solution?

　　Strictly speaking, they are different, but in order to simplify the production steps, they are generally regarded as the same. Not much nutrient solution will be wasted, and the cost of nutrient solution is not high, so it does not matter how much nutrient solution is used. The main thing is to save labor costs.

　　13. Doesn’t the addition of flowers and nutrient solution conflict with fish farming?

　　There is no conflict, and the three can coexist peacefully. This is also one of the keys to the nutrient solution formula.

　　14. When cultivating seedlings, do they need to be grown in soil for a period of time before being grown in water?

　　No. Just place it in the nutrient solution and grow it hydroponically.

　　15. If flowers are supported by planting baskets, can their roots fully absorb water?

　　Yes. Just make sure there is water vapor at the bottom of the planting basket.

　　16. What should I pay attention to when and how often to change the water?

　　Replace it every 20-40 days. We provide technical support to customers. For small goldfish, such as "Ten-line fish" or "Parrot", the life in nutrient solution is similar to that in tap water. But in the case of goldfish, generally use 1/2 dose of nutrient solution. Especially at the beginning. After the goldfish adapt, such as after 15-30 days, change to 1 dose of nutrient solution. You can also use 1/2 dose of nutrient solution, but in order to ensure that the plants have enough nutrients, you need to change (add) nutrient solution more frequently, such as once every 10-20 days. If you use 1 dose of nutrient solution, you can change the nutrient solution every 20-30 days.

　　17. If expanded clay, colored stones, glass balls, etc. are used for cultivation, can nutrient solution be used?

　　It can be used and will not affect the growth of flowers, but you cannot appreciate the roots or watch the fish.

　　18. Should different seedlings use the same nutrient solution? How to control the concentration?

　　You can use the same nutrient solution (universal) or a special one. Strictly speaking, you need to use an instrument to determine when to add or replace the nutrient solution, but you can also use experience. Generally, the nutrient solution is replaced every 20-40 days.

　　19. How long does it take for a seedling to become a finished product?

　　The growth rate of hydroponics is generally 10-30% faster than that of soil cultivation. Therefore, if the foliage plant tissue culture seedlings below 5 cm grow to 30 cm, it will take about 6-8 months. Of course, it will be faster if the temperature is high and the humidity is high. However, you can directly purchase finished seedlings to acclimate to hydroponics. Generally, they can be sold within 7 days to 1 month, and even within 7 days (in summer), but they may be more unstable. Therefore, when switching from soil cultivation to hydroponics, it is recommended to wait for 30 days of hydroponics and wait for new roots to grow before selling. Such hydroponic flowers are more stable, more responsible to the end customers, and have less after-sales service.

　　20. There are two types of nutrient solutions, A solution and B solution. Can they be mixed and used for any plant?

　　 Universal nutrient solution, suitable for all kinds of plants. This nutrient solution is composed of two bottles (buckets) of A solution and B solution to form a complete nutrient solution. When using, first fill the hydroponic pot with enough tap water, then take a bottle cap of each of A and B solution and pour them into the pot.

　　21. Do hydroponic flowers need to change the liquid regularly?

　　The roots of hydroponic flowers are soaked in nutrient solution, and the buffering capacity of the nutrient solution is relatively poorer than that of the substrate. Due to the metabolism of the plants, new roots are constantly growing, and the roots may also secrete some toxic substances, which have an adverse effect on the growth and development of the roots.

　　Furthermore, since different flowers absorb nutrients differently and are selective, it often causes nutrient imbalance in the nutrient solution. Sometimes it will cause nutrient deficiency and physiological diseases. In addition, the impact of temperature on pH will also cause imbalance, which is especially obvious in hydroponics. Therefore, hydroponics requires regular changes of solution. Change the solution once a month in winter, spring, and autumn, and once every 20 days in summer.

　　Therefore, a good nutrient solution must have strong buffering capacity to stabilize the growth environment of plants and ensure nutrient balance, which is also a major advantage of our nutrient solution.

　　22. What is the nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of flowers?

　　The original solution of nutrient solution is the most basic nutrient solution for cultivating flowers. The concentrated solution is the nutrient solution that is concentrated several times for the convenience of storage and carrying, such as 100 times, 200 times, 250 times, 400 times and 1000 times. The concentration multiple is prepared according to the storage needs. The diluted solution is the nutrient solution after the concentrated solution is diluted with water according to the growth needs of flowers. Generally, the diluted solution refers to the concentration of the working solution, such as a 100-fold concentrated solution, which becomes the working solution after being diluted 100 times. Sometimes the diluted solution needs to be diluted according to the concentration required by the type of flower and the growth period, so the diluted solution cannot be considered as the original solution. It can be said that the diluted solution is the cultivation solution, and some are called culture solution. Because the purpose of dilution is for cultivation.

　　23. How to hydroponically cultivate bromeliads

　　Cryptonthus acaulis, also known as purple brocade pineapple, starfish flower, velvet-leaved pineapple, and bromeliaceae, is native to Brazil and Guyana and prefers a warm, humid, and semi-shady environment. The optimum growth temperature is 20°C to 30°C in summer and not less than 10°C in winter; the relative humidity should be between 60% and 70%. At the same time, attention must be paid to the "increase in revenue and reduce expenditure" of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution, which is the key to the success of static hydroponics of terrestrial plants. To this end, a series of principles of pollution-free and sterile (few bacteria) cultivation must be fully followed during hydroponics.

　　Bromeliads are usually propagated by division. The lateral buds (root buds) can be cut from the old plants for hydroponics. Potted plants can also be hydroponically washed. Using planting baskets and combining our hydroponic domestication technology can effectively solve the problem of dissolved oxygen.

　　24. Can hydroponic technology or flower nutrient solution ensure that plants can survive the winter?

　　The main function of flower nutrient solution is to provide nutrition for hydroponic flowers and ensure their normal growth, but it will not change the genetic structure of the plants. It can only be said that due to sufficient and effective nutrition, the plants grow strong and their cold resistance is enhanced, but this enhancement is insignificant compared to the original cold resistance of the plants, and the extent of the increase in cold resistance is extremely limited (this is the same as the reason why strong people are more cold-resistant). So far, except for genetic modification technology, no hydroponic technology or nutrient can significantly improve the cold resistance of the plants themselves. Therefore, hydroponic domestication technology cannot fundamentally change the cold resistance of the plants themselves, and at most it can slightly improve the cold resistance of hydroponic plants. Generally speaking, hydroponic plants are placed indoors or in greenhouses, which are relatively warm, so even in the north, hydroponic flowers can be raised in winter, but remember that it is not the hydroponic technology or flower nutrient solution that changes the cold resistance of hydroponic flowers, but the indoor and greenhouse insulation that plays a role.