Plastic arts are also known as spatial arts, which include painting, sculpture and architecture. Plastic arts refer to the basic elements that constitute the form. It mainly includes three parts: form, texture (texture) and color. Among them, form is the basis of plastic elements, and there are two types of abstract form and concrete form (i.e. natural form). Texture refers to the organizational texture structure of the surface of an object, including various crisscross, uneven, rough and smooth texture changes, which express people's feelings about the texture characteristics of the surface of the object. Texture is also called texture. Due to the different materials of the object, the organization, arrangement and structure of the surface are different, thus producing a sense of roughness, smoothness, softness and hardness. Texture is the characteristic of the surface of an object. People's perception of texture is generally based on touch, but due to people's long-term experience with tactile objects, they can visually feel the difference in texture without touching it. We call it visual texture.

1. Point

Modeling flowers are a type of flower arrangement that creates a new and pure beauty based on aesthetic principles or beautiful forms. The points, lines, surfaces, blocks, and bodies of the materials are combined and transformed through the following principles to form a living organism. In application, attention should be paid to "unity in diversity". Diversity means change, and change can remove dullness and loneliness and generate interest. But if the change is infinite, it will become fragmented and scattered, with no direction to follow, forming a loose and messy situation. The principle of unity in diversity is to show simplicity in "change" and maintain "unity" in complexity.

1. Symmetry

An object is shaped like a circle with an invisible line as the central axis, up, down, left and right. It is called a symmetrical shape when the colors and textures are exactly the same, that is, the arrangement is equal on both sides of the axis. Symmetrical shapes usually have a simple and concise beauty and a sense of static stability. They are solemn, dignified, calm, eternally neat and magnificent, such as the symmetry of leaves, the symmetry of the human body, and the couplets in the hall.

2. Changes

Seek unity in change, and change in unity. Too much unity will create a monotonous feeling, and change is necessary to make it interesting. In the creation of flower arrangement, various components are carefully arranged using continuous change, interval change, alternating change, gradual change and other techniques, so that the work is uneven and well-arranged, with appropriate density, gathering and dispersion, and a balance of virtuality and reality, light and dark.

3. Proportion

A shape is a perfect ratio when its length, height, width, height, width, and width are in perfect relationship with each other and with the whole. For example, geometric progressions, square roots, and rectangles in mathematics are all beautiful ratios. The most beautiful ratio is called the "golden ratio", which is 1:1.618.

4. Gradient

It is a technique of expression that gradually increases, decreases, and becomes larger and smaller. The amount of shapes, colors, dots, lines, etc. used changes in an orderly manner, gradually increasing or decreasing, such as from large to small, from thick to thin, from dark to light (like gradient paper). In the changes of these levels, a soft and flowing beauty can be achieved.

straight line

Flowers: snakewood, sunflower, fennel, golden pothos, sedge, lace flower

Flower pot: Creative pottery

5. Rhythm

Rhythm is also called rhythm or movement. It refers to the orderly movement of shapes, colors, dots and lines. The changes arranged by repetition, gradient, overlap and intricate lines will form a sense of rhythm visually and psychologically, making the work full of vitality, such as lines changing from thin to thick, and colors changing from light to dark.

6. Repeat

The same shapes, colors, etc. are repeated or appear continuously to achieve a rhythmic, harmonious, and unified aesthetic, such as sea waves and rice waves.

7. Contrast

Contrast refers to the difference that appears when two things are compared. Common forms of contrast include strength, lightness, density, size of shape, color intensity, reality and illusion, squareness and roundness, convexity and concaveness, length and shortness, width and narrowness, coldness and warmth of color, contrast between surfaces and lines, light and dark, clear and turbid, roughness and smoothness, softness and hardness, etc.

8. Complete

It is divided into static beauty of complete space and dynamic beauty of complete time. No matter which principle of beauty is used in any work of art, the artist pursues the "completeness" of the work at the moment of completion.

9. Emphasis

Emphasize a certain part or theme of the work. The emphasized part should occupy a larger proportion to strengthen the viewer's impression.

10. Harmony

Harmony is the common order of similar elements and small contrast, which makes the two reach a harmonious state. For example, black and white are a strong contrast, and the gray in between is the harmony of the two. In addition to color and shape, texture is also a very important factor in harmony. Shapes and colors, when combined together, give people a static, pleasant, gentle, harmonious and smooth feeling, which can relax our tense mood and achieve a calm and happy purpose.

11. Unification

Unity is to combine common elements, organize and sort out the same or similar forms, colors, textures and other elements in an orderly or unified manner. Among many complex factors such as shape, color, quality and quantity, the overall configuration must be selected, processed, carefully combined and inserted to achieve harmony and unity, so that the components are coordinated, complemented and reflected with each other, forming an organized, responsive and rhythmic organism, and finding a common point will prevent it from being loose.

12. Balance

In floral art, the word "balance" refers to visual balance. "Balance" means placing things of equal quality on both sides of the imaginary axis in the picture. In this way, although the things in the picture are not equal, they have the same weight in visual perception, which creates a sense of stability. There are three forms of balance: color balance, quantity balance, texture balance, and spatial balance.

The illustrator chooses vases and flowers according to the theme he wants to express and combines them to create flower shapes. He also makes appropriate arrangements of the materials' quantity, texture, color, space and time. When making arrangements, he can use natural expression, design expression, abstract expression, symbolic expression and surreal expression techniques.

Natural expression is also called realistic expression. It combines the shapes, colors and postures of the material to flexibly present the individual and vivid beauty of the material. The expression of craftsmanship is more artificial. It decomposes the material, takes all or part of it, and forms a flower pattern, which is purely composed of shape and color. Abstract expression does not consider the natural order and nature of the material, but takes its shape, color and texture into consideration to create a work with rich sensuality. Symbolic expression is the subjective expression of the author, the author's association or other expression of ideas or emotions.

Whether a work resonates with people or not depends on the use of materials, so you must first cultivate your thinking ability, observe the materials again with your own eyes and senses, not stick to the sun-loving nature of plants and explore the composition of branches and leaves, extract the beauty of plants, namely the characteristics of points, lines, surfaces, blocks, bodies, quality, quantity, colors, etc., or take smaller unit parts from the unit parts of the plants (materials), or decompose and deform the materials and then recombine them.

The conception before creation is the biggest factor that determines the success or failure of the work. The conception can be started from the following aspects. In terms of materials, the materials are divided into natural, dry, and artificial. Plant materials can be inserted according to their natural postures. When dealing with points, lines, surfaces, blocks, and bodies, they can also be deformed, disintegrated, deteriorated, and colored before being inserted. Heterogeneous processed materials, such as iron wire, stone, dried flowers, artificial flowers, glass beads, etc. are also good materials for arranging shaped flowers. In terms of flower vases, flower vases are part of the flower shape and are integrated with the flower shape. The shapes are roughly divided into square, round, deformable, etc. Consider the shape, color, volume, texture, and taste of the utensil first, and then choose the flower material. In terms of the environment, the space where the work is placed is a flower exhibition venue, home decoration or window display, and the work must be in harmony with the environment. In terms of content, consider whether the work is decorative or interesting.

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