The beautiful needle palm, also known as the soft-leaf thorn palm, is a foliage plant of the genus Jujube in the palm family.
　　The beautiful needle palm is an evergreen shrub with short and thick stems. It is usually solitary, but also clumps. The plant height is 1-3 meters. The leaves are pinnate, upright when they are first born, slightly bent and drooping after a little longer, with long thorns on both sides of the petiole base and triangular protrusions, which is one of its characteristics; the leaflets are lanceolate, about 20-30 cm long and about 1 cm wide, relatively soft, and drooping into an arc. The spadix is ​​axillary, 20-50 cm long, and dioecious. The fruit is about 1.5 cm long, light green at first, and reddish red when ripe.
　　The beautiful needle palm is native to Indochina and is cultivated in many provinces and regions in the south. There are about 17 species of plants in the same genus, mainly produced in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. It has a tropical climate with high temperature and high humidity. It likes light and is also shade-tolerant, drought-tolerant, and barren-tolerant. It likes well-drained and fertile sandy loam. It has strong cold resistance and can safely overwinter at around 0℃ in winter.
　　Beautiful needle sunflower is mostly propagated by sowing. Pollination after flowering is easy to bear fruit. The fruit matures in October-November. It is sown immediately after harvesting or in the spring of the following year. Sow the seeds in river sand and keep the substrate moist. Seedlings can emerge at 20-30℃ for 2-3 months or longer. Apply thin liquid fertilizer when the cotyledons of the seedlings are 5-10 cm long, then transplant them into different pots, and strengthen water and fertilizer management.
　　Beautiful needle sunflower potted plants can use 2 parts of leaf mold, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of river mix as the substrate, and add a small amount of base fertilizer when planting. It has strong adaptability and is simple to cultivate and maintain. Apply liquid fertilizer 1-2 times a month during the vigorous growth period from April to September, keep the pot soil moist, and spray water on the plants once a day when the air is dry to increase the air humidity of the environment, which is conducive to plant growth; less or no fertilizer can be applied in other seasons, and the pot soil should be kept alternately dry and wet. When the sunlight is strong from June to September, shade should be provided (50% shade is appropriate) to prevent the leaves from turning yellow; in other seasons, sufficient sunlight should be provided to facilitate the healthy growth of the plant. Scale insects are prone to occur in the beautiful needle palm when the air is dry and the ventilation is poor. If scale insects are found, they should be controlled, and they can generally be killed by spraying 800 times of omethoate; at the same time, ventilation and air permeability conditions should be improved. The
　　branches and leaves of the beautiful needle palm are arched and drooping like umbrellas, and the leaves are evenly distributed and green and shiny. It is an excellent potted foliage plant. Use it to decorate the interior, which can be filled with tropical atmosphere. Generally, small and medium-sized pots are suitable for living rooms, study rooms, etc., which look elegant and generous; large potted plants are often used to decorate venues, halls, etc., which look solemn and majestic.

    Aglaonema

 

    Scientific name: Aspidistra elatior 
    English name: Common Aspidistra 
    Other name: Aspidistra. Family
    name: Liliaceae
    Morphological characteristics:
    Evergreen herb with rhizomes. Leaves are elliptical, needle-shaped, dark green, with wavy edges. Flowers are bell-shaped. Flowering period is April. Capsules are spherical. It likes shade and cannot tolerate strong light. It likes warmth and is more cold-resistant. It likes moisture and is suitable for well-drained and fertile sandy loam.

    Silver Queen

 

    Latin name: Aglaonema commulatum cv.Silvcr QueenOther 
    names: Silver Queen Dieffenbachia, Silver Queen Coarse Rib Grass, Silver Queen Bright Silk 
    GrassBotanical characteristics: > It is a perennial herb. The plant is 30-40 cm tall, with an upright, unbranched stem and distinct internodes. The leaves are alternate, with long petioles and expanded sheath-like bases. The leaves are narrow and light green, with gray-green stripes on the leaf surface, covering a large area. 
    Silver Queen is known for its unique air purification ability: the higher the concentration of pollutants in the air, the more it can exert its purification ability! Therefore, it is very suitable for dark rooms with poor ventilation.
　　This plant with grayish-white leaves likes to live in a constant temperature environment. If it is watered with warm water, it can survive for a long time.
    It can remove: formaldehyde, nicotine
    "Silver Queen can absorb radiation from printers."

    Tiger tail orchid

 

    Tiger tail orchid, also known as tiger skin orchid and thousand-year-old orchid, is a perennial herbaceous foliage plant of the tiger tail orchid class of the lily family.
　　The underground part of tiger tail orchid has a tough rhizome and no stem. The leaves are clustered, fleshy, linear-lanceolate, hard and leathery, upright, and slightly grooved at the base; dark green, with light green and dark green horizontal stripes on both sides, slightly covered with white powder. Racemes, flowers are white to light green, with a sweet and elegant fragrance; flowering period is spring and summer. Commonly cultivated varieties are:
　　Golden-edged tiger tail orchid: The shape is similar to tiger tail orchid, but the leaf margin is inlaid with golden broad stripes.
　　Short-spiked tiger tail orchid: It is a dwarf species with a plant height of about 10-20 cm. It is a mutant of golden-edged tiger tail orchid. The leaves are short and wide, growing in circles and overlapping.
　　Onion-leaf tiger tail orchid: also known as columnar tiger tail orchid. The leaves are cylindrical, the whole leaf is about the same thickness from top to bottom, the end is slightly pointed, and the leaf surface has shallow grooves running vertically, and each leaf grows independently.
　　Tiger tail orchid is native to the extremely arid Africa and southern Asia, and is cultivated everywhere. It has strong adaptability, likes warm and humid conditions, is drought-resistant, and is both light-loving and shade-tolerant. It is not very demanding on soil, and sandy loam with good drainage is better. The optimum temperature for its growth is 20-30℃, and the wintering temperature is 10℃.
　　Tiger tail orchid can be propagated by division and cuttings. Every spring when the temperature rises, division is carried out in conjunction with repotting, that is, the whole plant is removed from the pot, the old culture soil is removed, the rhizome is exposed, and it is cut into several plants along its direction, so that each plant contains at least 3-4 mature leaves, and then they are potted and planted in new culture soil. The cutting propagation material is leaves (i.e. leaf cuttings), which can be carried out at temperatures above 15℃. Cut the mature leaves into 7-8 cm long fragments as a cutting, and insert them into the river sand after drying them slightly. Be careful not to insert the cuttings upside down; maintain a certain humidity, but it should not be too wet to avoid rot. In about a month, adventitious buds and adventitious roots will grow from the incision and grow into new plants. The seedlings of golden-edged and variegated leaf varieties propagated by leaf cuttings are green seedlings, and the golden edges and small spots disappear, which reduces the ornamental value. Therefore, these varieties should not be propagated by leaf cuttings and can only be propagated by division.
　　The potted tiger tail orchid can be mixed with equal amounts of leaf humus and garden soil and a small amount of decomposed base fertilizer as the substrate. It grows well under conditions of sufficient light. Except for avoiding direct sunlight in midsummer, it should receive more sunlight in other seasons; if it is placed in a dark place indoors for too long, the leaves will darken and lack vitality. In addition, if it is placed indoors for a long time, it should not be moved directly to the sun suddenly. It should be moved to a place with better light first, so that it can adapt to the sun before seeing the sun to avoid burning the leaves. Watering should be appropriate, and the principle of preferring dryness to wetness should be mastered. Usually, use clean water to wipe the dust on the leaves to keep the leaves clean and bright. When new plants sprout from the root neck in spring, water more appropriately to keep the soil moist; the soil should also be kept moist during the hot summer season; the amount of watering should be controlled after the end of autumn, and the soil should be kept relatively dry to enhance cold resistance. It does not require much fertilizer, and thin liquid fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times a month during the growing season to ensure that the leaves are green and thick.
　　The leaves of the tiger tail orchid are firm and upright, with tiger tail-shaped horizontal stripes of gray and dark green on the leaves. The posture is resolute, strange and interesting; it has many varieties, and the plant shape and leaf color vary greatly, which are exquisite and unique; it has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, is a tenacious plant, widely cultivated and used, and is a common potted foliage plant for home. It is suitable for decorating study rooms, living rooms, and office spaces, and can be appreciated for a long time.

    Lucky Bamboo

 

    Lucky bamboo, also known as the Xianda dragon blood tree, is a foliage plant of the genus Dracaena in the Liliaceae family. Lucky bamboo is an evergreen small tree with no rhizomes underground and a yellow-brown root. The pattern color of the leaves varies with different varieties. Common cultivated varieties include: Golden-edged lucky bamboo: the leaf edges are golden yellow and the center is green. It likes high temperature and high humidity environment, and is not strict on light requirements. It likes light and can tolerate shade. It is suitable for well-drained sandy loam. The suitable growth temperature is 20~30℃, and the wintering temperature is 10℃.
    Lucky bamboo is propagated by cuttings. Cuttings are mostly carried out in combination with shaping and pruning. As the lucky bamboo that has grown for many years grows taller, the leaves at the base of the stem often fall off, and the plant shape becomes worse; the stems can be cut into 5~10 cm long as cuttings during the growing season, and they can be cut into vermiculite or river sand. Generally, it can take root and sprout in 1~2 weeks.
    Lucky bamboo potted plants can be planted with a mixture of leaf mold, garden soil and river sand in equal amounts, or coconut bran and leaf mold plus a small amount of base fertilizer as culture soil. The key to management is to control humidity and temperature. The potting soil should be kept moist during the growing season, and water should be sprayed on the leaves frequently to maintain a high environmental humidity. Too dry will cause the leaf tips to dry out; the potting soil should not be too moist in winter, but water should be sprayed on the leaves frequently, and attention should be paid to cold prevention to prevent the leaves from yellowing, shrinking and even falling off. Apply liquid fertilizer or granular compound fertilizer 2 to 3 times a month from May to September when the growth is vigorous to keep the leaves green and shiny. It is not strict with light requirements and is suitable for growing under bright scattered light. Avoid direct sunlight; if exposed to the sun or dry, the leaves will become rough, scorched, lack luster, and reduce the ornamental value.

    Anthurium

 

    Anthurium scientific name: Anthurium andraeanum. 
    Anthurium alias: Anthurium, Anthurium, Anthurium, Anthurium.
    Anthurium genus: Araceae Anthurium.
    Origin and distribution of Anthurium:
　　Anthurium is native to tropical areas of America and prefers warm and humid climates. It prefers warm, humid and semi-shady environments, but is not shade-tolerant. It prefers sunlight but avoids direct sunlight. It is not cold-tolerant and prefers fertilizer but avoids salinity. It is currently cultivated in greenhouses with light, temperature and water regulation systems. In the frost-free hot areas of Yunnan, simple shade sheds are also used to cultivate good cut flowers and potted flowers. With the improvement of economic level, the application prospect of Anthurium as a high-end flower is good. Anthurium has unique flowers, bright and gorgeous spathes, rich colors, and great changes. It has a long flowering period and blooms continuously in all seasons. It has a long life in the vase, and the water culture period can reach 1 month, and the single flower period of potted plants can reach 4 to 6 months. The suitable temperature for growth is 25-28℃, and the wintering temperature should be kept above 15℃. It requires loose, breathable, well-drained, humus-rich, acidic soil with a pH value of 5.5-6.5.
Anthurium morphological characteristics:
　　It is a perennial herb of the Araceae family, with a plant height of 30-70cm. The leaves grow from short stems, are leathery, long heart-shaped, and all green. The petioles are hard and slender, 30-40 cm long and about 10 cm wide. The flowers are terminal, about 50 cm long, the spathe is heart-shaped, 10-20 cm long, 8-10 cm wide, and the surface is wrinkled. The spathe has a bright waxy luster. The spadix is ​​cylindrical, upright, about 6 cm long, and yellow. At first glance, it looks like an artificial flower. The flower posture is strange and beautiful. The life of the cut flower is more than 30 days. It is a high-quality flower material for flower arrangement. There are many similar varieties, and the flower colors include red, pink, vermilion, white, red with green stripes, green, orange, etc. The flowering period is long and it can bloom all year round. It is a perennial epiphytic evergreen herb. The plant height can reach 1 meter, and the internodes are short. The leaves are drawn from the rhizome, with long petioles, solitary, oblong heart-shaped or oval, dark bright green, and shiny. The flower buds are drawn from the leaf axils, and the spathes are upright and open, leathery, round-shaped and oval, orange-red or scarlet. Its variants include spathes with milky white, inlaid white-green, colorful, and delicate red edges, which are very varied. The spadix is ​​sessile, cylindrical, upright, and slightly inclined outward. The flowers are bisexual, with four lobes in the perianth, 4 stamens, and 2 chambers in the ovary, each with 1 to 2 ovules. The small berries contain 2 to 4 seeds, pink, and densely distributed on the spadix. It is one of the most valuable cut flower varieties today. Because of its bright and eye-catching flowers, waxy outer layer, and long shelf life, it has become an important flower arrangement for high-end occasions.
The ecological habits of Anthurium:
　　It likes an environment with high air humidity and smooth drainage, and likes shade and warmth. In an environment where the temperature is not higher than 28℃ during the day and not lower than 20℃ at night, it can bloom and bear fruit all year round. If it is higher than 35℃, it will produce sunburn, and if it is lower than 14℃, its growth will be affected. If it is lower than 0℃, the plant will be frozen to death. The air humidity is required to reach 80%, the soil pH value is 5.5, and the Ec value is preferably 1.2. The soil should be loose and fertile, and it is best to carry out soilless cultivation.
Anthurium propagation and cultivation
　　The most suitable growth temperature for Anthurium is 20-30℃, the highest temperature should not exceed 35℃, the lowest temperature is 14℃, and there is a possibility of frost damage at any time if it is lower than 10℃. The most suitable relative air humidity is 70%-80%, and it should not be lower than 50%, because maintaining a high air humidity in the cultivation environment is the key to the success of Anthurium cultivation. Therefore, foliar spraying should be carried out many times throughout the year. Anthurium is not resistant to strong light, and it is suitable to be cultivated in an environment with appropriate shade throughout the year, that is, a greenhouse with protective facilities should be selected for cultivation. Shading should be appropriate in spring, summer and autumn, especially in summer, shading of 70%. Direct sunlight will make its leaf temperature higher than the air temperature. If the leaf temperature is too high, it will cause burns, scorched leaves, fading of flower buds and slow leaf growth.
　　1. Anthurium propagation: Usually, it is propagated by division. At present, tissue culture is mostly used for mass propagation, and seeds are used for breeding. Division can be done by dividing the tiller buds of the rhizome of the adult mother plant in spring and then planting separately; tissue culture mostly uses young leaves as explants, and callus tissue is induced to differentiate clustered buds, and then induced to root into seedlings. It takes about 4 months from inoculation to seedling transplantation, and it blooms 2-3 years after planting.
　　2. Anthurium cultivation: Anthurium is mostly cultivated in greenhouses for cut flowers, and can also be potted for viewing. A greenhouse with heating, ventilation and cooling, and shading conditions is required. Soilless cultivation is mostly carried out, and the cultivation medium is preferably a mixture of 1/3 vermiculite, 1/3 perlite and 1/3 peat. Usually, it is planted from January to May. When the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves and are about 30 cm high, ridges are made of 30 cm and planted on the ridges. The row spacing is 30×40 cm. Drip irrigation is used and nutrient solution is applied twice a week. Pay attention to the regulation of temperature, humidity and light during the growth period. The suitable temperature is 27-28℃. Spray water and ventilate to cool down during the high temperature period in summer. Keep the night temperature at 15℃ in winter. Adjust the light to 20000-25000 lux. Shade it when it is too strong. Strong light and high temperature in summer can easily cause leaf burns. Excessive watering or poor drainage can easily cause root rot. The appropriate period for cutting flowers is when the yellow part of the spadix accounts for 1/4-1/3, and it is cut from the base of the pedicel. Insert it into water immediately after picking. When it needs to be transported, fix it according to the single branch and lay it flat in the box in layers. Anthurium can be kept in water for a long time. When it is kept in water, change the water every 2-3 days, and cut off 1 cm of the base of the pedicel to keep the incision fresh to facilitate water absorption. It can be stored in an environment of 13℃ for 3-4 weeks and still remain fresh. Chilling damage occurs below 7℃. When potted, the potting soil is peat or leaf humus plus decomposed horse manure and an appropriate amount of perlite. It can also be combined with 2/3 leaf humus and 1/3 river sand. When it has 5-6 leaves, it is potted. The seedlings are potted in small pots. As they grow, they are gradually replaced with large pots. The bottom of the pot is padded with broken tiles to facilitate ventilation and exhaust. Change the pot every 1-2 years. It is better to spray the leaves with water and keep the leaves moist. Apply thin alum fertilizer once a week during the growing season. Disease
and insect control of Anthurium 
　　The main pests of Anthurium are red spider mites and scale insects; the main diseases are anthracnose and leaf spot, which can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of omethoate and methyl thiophanate.
　　Anthurium is very popular because of its unique flower shape, bright color, and year-round flowering. It can be cultivated as a cut flower or as a potted flower for viewing. The flame of Anthurium used as a cut flower is unusually bright red and waxy, and has a long life in a vase. When it blooms in spring, the green leaves are matched with the bright red flame of Anthurium, which is very beautiful. It is an excellent indoor small potted flower for viewing. It is often used for beautification of family rooms, living rooms and conference rooms. In the global tropical flower trade, the sales volume of Anthurium ranks second only to orchids. Anthurium is mainly used as a cut flower. In recent years, new multi-flower varieties have been continuously cultivated.

    Emerald Philodendron

 

    Emerald Philodendron, also known as Long Heart-leaf Philodendron and Emerald, is a perennial evergreen vine foliage plant of the genus Philodendron in the family Araceae.
　　Emerald Philodendron is a climbing species with thick stems and aerial roots on the nodes. The leaves are long heart-shaped, 25-35 cm long and 12-18 cm wide, without a sharp tip, deeply heart-shaped at the base, green, entire, and shiny. Both the young shoots and leaf sheaths are green. The excellent varieties of the same genus are:
　　Ruby Philodendron: also known as Ruby, the leaves and stems are dark red.
　　Red-stalked Philodendron: the petiole, the back of the leaf and the young new part are often dark red.
　　Fiddle-leaf Philodendron: It means split-leaf Philodendron, the leaves are violin-shaped, 5-lobed, the base lobes are wide and ear-shaped, thin in the middle, and the tip is oblong, dark green and shiny.
　　Heart-leaf Philodendron: also known as sharp-heart climbing Philodendron and round-leaf Philodendron, the stems and leaves are green, and the leaves are heart-shaped.
　　Emerald philodendron and other plants are mostly native to tropical and subtropical regions of America, climbing and growing on tree trunks and rocks. They like warm, humid and semi-shady environments. The optimum growth temperature is 20-28℃, and the wintering temperature is 5℃.
　　 Emerald philodendron is mostly propagated by cuttings, and it is easy to take root in the hot season. Generally, 3-4 sections of the stem are cut from April to August, the lower leaves are removed, and the cuttings are inserted into a substrate mixed with half leaf humus and half river sand, keeping the substrate and air moist. After 2-3 weeks, the roots can be potted.
　　 The potting substrate of Emerald philodendron is preferably loam rich in humus and well-drained. It can generally be prepared with 1 part leaf humus, 1 part garden soil, 1 part peat soil, a small amount of river sand and base fertilizer. When planting, you can set up a column in the pot, plant 3-5 seedlings around it, and let them climb and grow. It likes high temperature and high humidity environment, and the soil in the pot must be kept moist, especially in summer. It should not be short of water, and water should be sprayed on the leaves frequently; but water should be avoided in the pot soil, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow easily. Generally, water once a day in spring and summer, and once every 3-5 days in autumn; in winter, the amount of watering should be reduced, but the soil in the pot should not be completely dry. Pay attention to topdressing during the growing season, generally 1-2 times a month; stop fertilizing when the growth is slow or stops in late autumn and winter. It likes bright light and avoids strong sunlight. Generally, 50% to 60% of light should be shaded during the growing season; but it can also tolerate dark indoor environments, but long-term weak light can easily cause leggy growth, elongated nodes, and thin growth, which is not conducive to viewing.
　　Emerald Philodendron has broad and dark green leaves, and climbing cultivation can form a green round school. The plant shape is regular and strong, full of tropical style. It is shade-tolerant and very suitable for indoor decorative cultivation. It is often cultivated in large and medium-sized plants and displayed in halls, conference rooms, offices, etc., which is very spectacular.

    Chlorophytum

 

    Golden Amber
        

    Golden Bark, also known as Yellow Thorn Bark, is the most attractive cactus species in the Cactaceae family and Golden Bark. There are several main variants in the palm, such as White Thorn Bark, Wild Thorn Bark, Short Thorn Bark, Golden Bark, Golden Bark, Golden Bark Crown, etc.
　　Origin and habits: Golden Bark is native to the desert area of ​​Mexico, and is now introduced and cultivated in the south and north. Golden Bark likes plenty of sunshine and fertile, permeable sandy loam. During the hot summer, proper shade should be provided to prevent the ball from being burned by strong light.
　　Morphological characteristics: Golden Bark has a spherical stem, a dark green ball, densely covered with yellow hard thorns, and a dense golden yellow wool on the top of the ball; the flowers are yellow, growing on the top of the wool, of equal size, very beautiful and spectacular; the fruit is covered with scales and wool, and the seeds are black and smooth.
　　Breeding technology: Golden Bark is propagated by sowing and grafting. 1. Sowing method: The emergence rate of seeds harvested in the same year is high. Sowing is done from May to September. 30 to 40 days after germination, the seedling ball is the size of rice grains or mung beans, and can be transplanted or grafted on the rootstock to accelerate growth. 2. The ball grafting method: the seedlings that have been cultivated for more than 3 months are grafted on the tender scion to accelerate growth. When the scion grows to a certain size or the rootstock cannot support it, it can be cut off, and the wound can be dried before cutting and potting. In a good environment with fertile soil and good air circulation, ungrafted seedlings grow very fast. The seedlings or grafted ball after potting should be placed in a semi-shaded place, avoid direct sunlight, and survive if the ball does not shrink after 7 to 10 days.
　　Management technology: Golden Bark likes sandy loam containing lime, which can be mixed with equal amounts of coarse sand, loam, leaf mold and a small amount of old wall ash. The pot should be repotted and the soil should be changed and the old roots should be cut off once a year. Take the ball out of the pot in mid-March, cut off the old roots, and do not hurt the taproot. After cutting, place the rotten in a ventilated place for 4-5 days to let the cut end air dry; the new culture soil used for repotting should be made of fermented livestock and poultry manure as base fertilizer, and coal ash, plant ash and a small amount of animal bone meal should be added and mixed well; the pot should be disinfected by sun exposure, steaming and spraying to prevent the ball from rotting.
　　Golden Amber likes plenty of sunlight, but it is suitable for semi-shading in summer. When the temperature reaches above 35℃, it should be shaded around noon to avoid strong sunlight burning the ball. Before 10 am or after 5 pm, it can be placed in the sun to promote the growth of more flower buds, and excessive shading can be avoided, which will make the ball longer and reduce the ornamental value. The wintering temperature is kept at 8-10℃, and the pot soil is kept dry. When the temperature is too low, yellow spots will appear on the ball. Protect it from rain in summer.
　　Summer is the peak growth season of Golden Amber, and the water demand increases. In case of drought, water frequently, preferably in the early morning and evening. Avoid pouring too cold water at hot noon, which can easily cause "cold" and illness. If the pot soil is too dry at noon, you can spray a little water to moisten the pot surface. Do not spray water on the top of the ball and the grafted part to avoid water accumulation and rot. During the growth period, apply 1 to 2 times of thin fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other ingredients for about half a month, and use it for watering. Organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed and the concentration should be appropriate.
　　The golden barrel cactus is strong and disease-resistant, but in summer, due to factors such as humidity, heat, and poor ventilation, it is susceptible to pests and diseases such as red spider mites, scale insects, and whiteflies, and prevention and control should be strengthened. Prevention and control should be strengthened for pests and diseases such as red spider mites, scale insects, and whiteflies. For red spider mites, spray with 40% dimethoate or 90% trichlorfon 1000-1500 times liquid. When scale insects and whiteflies are found to be harmful, they can be wiped out manually.
　　Ornamental value: Golden Bark has a long life span and is easy to cultivate. The flowers of mature golden bark are dense and strong, magnificent and golden, and have high ornamental value. Moreover, it is small in size and occupies little space, making it an ideal ornamental plant for urban family greening.

    Peace tree (Cinnamon)

 

    Peace tree is the elegant name of cinnamon plants in Lauraceae and Cinnamomum. It is an evergreen small tree with green twigs, smooth and hairless. The leaves are opposite or nearly opposite, ovate and oblong, with pointed tips and thick leathery. The leaves are about 10 cm to 22 cm long and 5 cm to 8 cm wide. The front is bright green with metallic luster, and the back of the leaves is gray-green to yellow-green. The three veins are obvious. It is a popular foliage plant.
    It likes warm and humid environment with plenty of sunshine. It is relatively shade-tolerant. It likes warm, hot, frost-free, foggy and humid environment. It is not resistant to drought, severe cold and salinity. It is suitable for cultivation with loose, fertile, well-drained, and organic-rich acidic sandy loam. Its suitable growth temperature is 22℃ to 30℃. It cannot tolerate low temperatures below 5℃. It should be brought into the room before the frost and taken out after the Qingming Festival. Its light requirement is 40% to 50% shading from mid-May to mid-October. Excessive light can easily cause leaf burns, but it can also grow well if placed in a well-lit place indoors for a long time. During the growing season, the pot soil should always be kept moist, and the leaves and the environment should be sprayed with water frequently to maintain the relative air humidity in the environment at around 80%. In the northern region, 0.1% ferrous sulfate powder should be added to the water for irrigation, and a small amount of edible vinegar can also be dripped to increase the acidity of the water quality to meet its needs for an acidic soil environment. Potted plants should be loosened once a month during the growing season to keep their roots in a well-permeable state. After the plant sprouts new leaves, a thin cake fertilizer can be applied once a month. After autumn, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied twice in a row to increase the plant's cold resistance. When applying fertilizer, avoid using raw fertilizer, concentrated fertilizer, and large fertilizer, especially high-concentration chemical fertilizer liquid, otherwise it is very easy to cause fertilizer damage and burn the roots, causing the leaves to turn yellow and scorch, and the plant to die.
    Under the conditions of poor indoor ventilation, high temperature and humidity, and poor light, the leaves are prone to brown spot disease, but usually the disease occurs from April to May. Its symptoms are as follows: it mostly occurs on new leaves, and elliptical yellow-brown spots begin to appear on the leaf surface, and then continue to expand, and more black dots appear in the spots on the front of the leaves. The back of the spots is purple, and the whole leaf turns yellow and withers and falls off. Prevention and control methods: If a small number of diseased leaves are found, pick them off and burn them in time. Spray 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder at the early stage of the disease, once every 10 days, for 3 to 4 times in a row. A small number of spots on potted plants at home can be applied with Daknin Frost to inhibit the expansion of the spots.
    There may be several reasons for the leaves to turn yellow and fall off: First, the roots of the newly potted plants bought from the south are severely damaged, coupled with long-distance transportation and cold weather. Second, the indoor temperature in winter is lower than 5℃, and the yellowing and falling leaves are caused by cold damage. Third, excessive watering causes root rot and causes the plants to turn yellow and fall leaves. Fourth, the water quality is alkaline, causing the leaves to turn yellow slowly. Fifth, improper fertilization, excessive or too concentrated fertilization, causes the nutrient fibrous roots to lose water, shrink and die. For plants with yellowing and falling leaves, check their roots. If the roots are partially rotten, cut off the rotten parts and replant them with clean and fresh culture soil. A circle of moist fine sand should be placed near the cut ends of the roots to promote wound healing and the germination of new roots. For dead branches and leaves, all of them can be cut off. After repotting, spray more water and water less to keep the potting soil moist. After mid-April, when the outdoor temperature is no lower than 15℃, it can be moved outdoors, and normal fertilization can be resumed only after new leaves grow.

    Zebra Dieffenbachia

 

    Zebra Dieffenbachia, also known as the King Dai Fanye and Dumb Sugarcane, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Araceae family. It has a cylindrical, fleshy stem and often has white rings on it, which are traces of leaves falling off. The leaves of Zebra Dieffenbachia are oblong, with irregular white or goose yellow spots and stripes on both sides of the green main veins, which looks particularly beautiful and elegant, like the stripes on a zebra, so it is called Zebra Dieffenbachia. 
　　Zebra Dieffenbachia is native to Colombia and likes warm and humid climates. The optimum growth temperature is 25℃ to 30℃. The indoor temperature in winter should also be maintained at around 15℃, with a minimum of 10℃. The potting soil can be mixed with 7 parts of leaf humus, 3 parts of loam and 1 part of sand. Zebra Dieffenbachia likes a semi-shaded environment and avoids direct sunlight. It can be cultivated indoors all year round. It is resistant to water and humidity. A water tray can be placed at the bottom of the pot, and water can be placed in the tray to allow the water to continuously infiltrate the potting soil from the small holes at the bottom of the pot. In winter, watering should be limited. The lower the temperature, the less watering should be done. Some leaves may turn yellow and fall off in winter, but as long as they are not frozen, they can grow again in the next spring. If they are placed indoors for the winter, they will grow weakly and tend to grow too long. They can be placed outdoors in a semi-shaded place for a period of time during the growing season, and then moved back indoors after vitality is restored. Fertilization can be carried out during the growing season, depending on the growth potential, once or twice a month, with more decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer to promote green leaves, but nitrogen fertilizer should not be used too much. 
　　Its "flower" is a typical spathe spadix of the Araceae family. It rarely or does not produce seeds, so it is difficult to propagate by seeds. Propagation is basically asexual, and the main methods are tissue culture and cuttings. Tissue culture has a high success rate and low cost, but it requires certain equipment and conditions. The cutting method is to cut the old stems into 10 to 15 cm small segments in spring, insert them obliquely into the sand, keep them moist, and transplant them into pots after they take root and grow leaves. You can also cut the stems into small segments with one or two nodes in the growing season, about five or six centimeters long, dry them for a few days until the cut is dry, and then plant them directly in the pot. Keep them moist, and they will soon take root and grow leaves. You can also cut the stem segments with leaves and insert them in a transparent glass water bottle, fix them with white rice stone used for architectural decoration, and you can see the white jade-like fibrous roots growing in about half a month, which can be used to appreciate both the leaves and the roots. Because its juice is poisonous, be careful not to let it touch the skin, mouth, and eyes during the operation. There are more than 30 varieties of the same genus as the zebra leaf dieffenbachia, which also have certain ornamental value, but this species is the largest one, with thick and hard leaves, elegant and beautiful stripes and luster, tall plants, and thick stems, which are ideal indoor ornamental products.

    Maidenhair fern

 

    Maidenhair fern: Also known as wire grass and wire grass, it is a perennial herbaceous foliage plant of the genus Adiantum in the family Adiantum. 
　　Maidenhair fern is a small to medium-sized terrestrial fern with a plant height of 10-40 cm. The rhizome grows horizontally, densely covered with brown scales, and the petiole is slender and hard, like iron wire, hence the name Maidenhair fern. Its ecological habit is to like warm, humid and semi-shady environment.
　　Maidenhair fern mainly reproduces by division. Division should be combined with repotting before the new buds sprout in spring. Take the plant that has grown full of pots out of the pot, remove most of the old culture soil, cut off its rhizomes, divide it into two to several clumps, and pot it separately. In addition, the spores of the maidenhair fern mature and scatter in a warm and humid environment to reproduce and grow on their own, and can also be potted when it grows to a certain length.
　　Maidenhair fern likes loose, permeable, fertile calcareous sandy loam. When potted, the culture soil can be made of equal amounts of loam, leaf humus and river sand. Apply liquid fertilizer once a week during the growing season, and keep the pot soil moist and the air humidity high. In dry seasons, you can often sprinkle water on the ground around the plant to increase the air humidity. The maidenhair fern likes bright scattered light and avoids direct sunlight. If the light is too strong, the leaves will turn yellow or even die. It likes warmth and is cold-resistant. The suitable temperature for growth is 13-22℃, and the winter temperature for wintering is 5℃.

    Dracaena dracaena

 

    Dracaena draco is a species of Dracaena, belonging to the genus Dracaena of the Agavaceae family.
    Dracaena draco was originally a wild plant in the tropical forests of Hainan Island. After artificial domestication and cultivation, it has now become a shade-loving plant suitable for indoor decoration.
    Morphological characteristics: Evergreen tree. The plant can reach a height of 10m and is slightly branched. The leaves are densely grown on the flat top, sword-shaped, 45cm to 60cm long, 3cm to 4cm wide, hard and straight, bright green. Panicle inflorescence, white flowers with green. The most common foliage-viewing young trees in cultivation are stemless or short-stemmed young trees.
    Key points for cultivation: It can be propagated by cuttings, layering, and sowing. Cuttings can be taken in early spring with mature thick branches and trunks, leaves removed, cut into 5cm to 10cm long sections, and placed flat in a hotbed with a bottom temperature of 25 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius and relatively humid air. It will take about 1 month to take root. In summer, when cuttings are taken outdoors, a shade shed should be built to block the light. Seeds can be collected from older plants and sown in spring. The cultivation soil should be a mixture of leaf humus, clay loam and sand.
    Application value: Dracaena is both a foliage and a flower viewing flower. It is suitable as a background material for arranging the main stage of a large venue, which is extremely spectacular. The leaf base, stems and branches can be used to extract Chinese medicine, which has the effect of stopping bleeding.

    Bamboo

 

    [Other Names] Guanyin Bamboo, Palm Bamboo
    [Family] Palm Bamboo, Palm Family
    [Origin] Southeast, South and Southwest China, Japan
    [Growth Habits] It likes warm, humid, semi-shaded, well-ventilated environment, drought-resistant, afraid of scorching sun, the most suitable growth temperature is 25-30 degrees, the night temperature in winter should not be lower than 5 degrees, but it can tolerate short-term low temperature of about 0 degrees, avoid long-term cold wind, frost and snow, and generally potted in the room can safely overwinter
    [Soil] It likes fertile and well-drained sandy loam, and grows well in slightly acidic sandy loam rich in humus
    [Temperature and Environment] It likes warm, humid, semi-shaded, ventilated environment. It grows well in a semi-shaded environment. Avoid direct sunlight in summer and autumn, and it is best to shade about 70%. In summer, it is especially forbidden to be exposed to the sun, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow and the plant will grow slowly. In winter and spring, it is better to receive more light
    [Water and Fertilizer] Water more during the growth period from May to September to keep the soil moist, and it is better to keep it wet than dry, but it cannot accumulate water, otherwise it will easily rot. During high temperature periods, you should also frequently spray the leaves and the ground with water to increase air humidity. In autumn and winter, reduce watering appropriately. Apply liquid fertilizer 1-2 times a month during the growth period to make the leaves dark green and lush. Stop fertilizing in winter.
    [Pest and disease control] A well-ventilated environment has fewer pests and diseases. If ventilation is poor, scale insects and aphids are prone to occur. If a small amount occurs, they should be manually scraped off in time, and attention should be paid to ventilation and air permeability. Dead branches and leaves should be trimmed in time
    . [Economic value] This species is a traditional excellent foliage plant with a compact and beautiful plant shape, elegant leaves, rich tropical charm, and the elegance of bamboo. Suitable for potted plants for display and viewing in home interiors, offices, conference rooms, foyers, etc.

    Haruha

 

    English name: Lacy tree philodendron
    Family: Araceae Philodendron Scientific
    name: Philodenron selloum Koch
    Spring Feathers, formerly known as Feather-cracked Philodendron (Feather-cracked Philodendron), is native to Brazil, Paraguay and other places, and is a perennial herb. The plant can reach 1 meter in height, with a thick and upright stem and a diameter of up to 10 cm. There are obvious leaf scars and wire-like aerial roots on the stem. The leaves extend in all directions from the top of the stem, with a petiole about 40 to 50 cm long. The leaf body is bright, thick and shiny, ovate and heart-shaped, up to 60 cm long and 40 cm wide, but the general potted ones are only about half the size, with the whole leaf deeply pinnate and leathery. The leaves of the seedlings are thinner and triangular in shape. As they grow, the leaves gradually become larger, and the pinnate notches become more and deeper. Spring fern likes high temperature and humid environment, has no strict requirements on light, is not cold-resistant, and tolerates darkness. It can be potted in places where the light is not too weak indoors. It likes fertile, loose, well-drained slightly acidic soil, and the temperature in winter is not lower than 5℃. It is often propagated by cuttings. It is best to cut 2-3 sections of strong stems and insert them directly into sphagnum moss or coarse sand. Keep it moist and it will take about 20 days to take root. Keep the pot soil moist during the growing season, especially in summer. Spray water on the leaves frequently and fertilize once a month. The plant grows rapidly and needs to be repotted every spring. It grows slowly in winter, so fertilization should be stopped and water should be reduced. It should be renewed after 3-4 years of home cultivation. Common leaf spot and scale insect damage. Spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution to prevent and control leaf spot, and spray 50% 1000 times solution to kill scale insects. The leaves of spring feathers are peculiar and very shade-tolerant, suitable for indoor hall furnishings, especially for decorating music teahouses and hotel lounges. Its same genus species include red-handled philodendron.