List of plant species that complement and counteract each other in landscape design

　　After nearly five years of exploration and research, and through communication with a large number of students and plant experts, the Talent Training Center of the Architectural Design Institute has summarized the types of plants that are mutually beneficial and incompatible in the process of plant configuration. We hope that this will be helpful to everyone. We also hope that everyone can participate and list what you know to share and jointly improve the professional quality of landscape designers.

1. Plants that counteract each other

1. Black walnuts cannot be planted together with pine trees, apples, potatoes, tomatoes, alfalfa and many herbaceous plants. This is because the leaves and roots of black walnuts can secrete a substance that is extremely toxic after hydrolysis and oxidation in the soil, causing harm to other plants. Birch seedlings planted near black walnuts will grow worse and even die. However, black walnuts can coexist with Rubus.

2. In the forests of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, herbaceous and woody plants cannot grow. The terpene compounds it produces can inhibit the rooting of other plants.

3. Planting potatoes between apple trees will inhibit the growth of apple trees, because the secretions of potatoes can reduce the oxygen content of apple roots and branches, hindering their development. Planting celery, sesame, oats, wheatgrass, alfalfa and other plants in the middle of apple orchards is not conducive to the growth of apple trees. However, planting pumpkins in apple orchards can increase pumpkin production. The roots of apple trees secrete benzoic acid, and the phloridzin contained in the root bark of apple trees can also inhibit the growth of apples. Therefore, the old roots of apple trees must be removed during renewal.

4. Robinia, clove, mint, laurel, etc. can secrete a large amount of aromatic substances, which have an inhibitory effect on some neighboring plants. Robinia strongly inhibits the growth and development of weeds.

5. Elm trees cannot be interplanted with oak trees and birch trees.

6. Pine and spruce cannot be interplanted.

7. Onions and green beans, tomatoes and cucumbers cannot be intercropped.

8. Avoid planting tobacco near mulberry gardens, otherwise it will cause silkworm poisoning.

9. Ulmus pumila and cabbage cannot be planted in the vineyard. In Xinjiang Alahan Grape Valley, we learned that Ulmus pumila cannot be planted within a few miles of the grape orchard, otherwise it will cause a large number of grapes to die.

10. Bamboo cannot be interplanted with sesame.

11. Japanese red pine can change the composition of plant communities.

12. Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of alfalfa embryonic stem.

13. Siberian pine, Siberian larch and Siberian spruce each form a single pure forest of dominant tree species.

14. If the roots of silver birch seedlings come into contact with mature trees, the seedlings will die.

15. There is no grass growing under the American sycamore (Platanus tinctorialis) forest, but weeds flourish between the crowns of the trees.

16. Certain plants of the Solanaceae, Cruciferae and Rosaceae families cannot be planted together.

17. Hyacinthus and bird cherry inhibit the growth of certain plants.

18. Lilac and lily of the valley, daffodils and lily of the valley, and lilac and violets cannot be mixed.

19. Cabbage and celery cannot be mixed.

20. Chlorella inhibits the growth of Nitzschia; Dinoflagellate inhibits the growth of Algae; Scenedesmus inhibits the growth of Discoideum.

21. Sunflowers cannot be mixed with castor beans.

22. Cabbage and mustard, mustard and castor cannot be mixed.

23. Buckwheat and corn cannot be interplanted.

24. Sorghum and sesame cannot be mixed.

25. Canada built a sugar maple plantation on wasteland. Because goldenrod (Lidago ugosa) and Aster (Aster bellatus) made it difficult for sugar maple seeds to germinate, the young roots could not absorb nutrients (ION), inhibiting the growth of seedlings. Only by applying 100mg of nitrogen fertilizer can the damage be avoided.

26. In the forest area of ​​Lesser Khingan Range, on the felled sites of Korean pine broad-leaved forests, the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings of regeneration tree species were inhibited, and some even died, due to the influence of bracken (Pter'idiun aquilium), Japanese bracken (P. aquiliurn!啦r-廊panica) and Solidago glabra (S. 1eocarpa).

27. Soilli~',hens, a lichen that grows on the ground, is harmful to Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies. If the lichen is removed, the trees can resume growth.

28. If fruit trees are planted next to various flowers, the flowers will wither faster.

29. The leaves of sweet vetch are rich in selenium, which can kill surrounding plants.

30. Peach trees and tea trees cannot be interplanted, otherwise the leaves and branches of the tea tree will wither. According to a survey in Hunan, peach tree roots secrete a gelatinous substance that can cause tea tree roots to rot. Peach trees cannot be planted again because peach roots contain amygdalin, which produces benzaldehyde when decomposed, which seriously poisons the renewal of peach trees. Before the old peach trees are removed, the roots of new peach trees cannot grow. It is not suitable to plant fir trees around peach trees, otherwise they will not grow.

31. Potatoes cannot be planted together with tomatoes and pumpkins.

32. Citrus and eucalyptus cannot be interplanted. Chongqing Dongfeng Forest Farm planted a large number of citrus groves on the slopes where large-leaf eucalyptus trees originally existed. After 5-6 years, the citrus trees grew into forests, while the large-leaf eucalyptus trees died one after another.

33. Citrus and Sichuan pepper cannot be planted together, otherwise the growth of citrus will be inhibited. Citrus nurseries cannot be planted repeatedly, otherwise the citrus seedlings will grow poorly and are prone to diseases. Therefore, the soil in the land that has been used once must be renewed.

3 4. Chrysanthemums cannot be planted over and over again. According to the experience of the Guiyang Municipal Bureau of Landscape Architecture, after the chrysanthemums have bloomed, the buds are removed and the soil is changed and replanted. In the second year, they will flourish, with large and colorful flowers. If chrysanthemums are planted in the same field continuously, the plants will degenerate and the flowers will be small and dark in color.

35. If cockscombs are planted continuously in the same field, not only will the flowers become smaller, but their seeds will also find it difficult to germinate and the seedlings will become weak.

36. After planting tulips once, the soil must be changed. Otherwise, by the fourth year of growth, the diameter of the corolla will shrink to half of its original diameter, and it will lose its ornamental value.

37. If dahlias are planted in the same field, the flowers will become smaller, the double petals will become single petals, and they will obviously degenerate.

38. A hormone secreted by pine roots can inhibit the growth of birch trees, but the hormone from birch roots can promote the growth of birch trees.

39. Pine trees cannot grow together with elderberries, because elderberries have a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of pine trees, and even all the pine seeds that fall under the elderberry canopy will die.

40. The secretions of the elderberry roots have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Populus macrophylla.

41. The root secretions of wheatgrass have a significant inhibitory effect on oak and apple. Wheatgrass creeping and goose crown grass have an inhibitory effect on the seedlings of poplar and tamarisk.

42. The secretions of celandine are very harmful to pine trees.

43. The bark of Robinia pseudoacacia contains certain ingredients whose effect makes the Robinia pseudoacacia forest contain more than just a few herbs such as Chelidonium.

44. Achyranthes bidentata, Chenopodium album and Amaranthus chinensis grow poorly in red pine forests.

2. Plants that grow together

1. Black elderberry is beneficial to the distribution and expansion of spruce root system.

2. Putting soapberry, white ash maple and sweet olive together can promote interspecies integration.

3. Cotinus coggygria and Osmanthus fragrans have a mutually promoting effect.

4. The black-fruited red yew and the white ash maple have a promoting effect together.

5. Intercropping corn and peas benefits each other.

6. Planting violets in the vineyard will make the grapes more fragrant.

7. British scientists mixed the roots, stems and leaves of the radish with the seeds of the radish and found that they grew large

radish.

8. When interplanting beans between wheat and corn fields, the root nodules of beans can provide sufficient nutrition for wheat and corn. The related substances secreted by wheat and corn are also beneficial to the growth of legume crops.

9. Mixing barley and potatoes can stimulate the growth of barley.

10. Sassafras and fir trees can coexist.

11. Intercropping of walnuts and hawthorns can promote each other, and the yield of hawthorn is higher than that of single planting.

12. The Fruit Tree Research Institute of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences conducted an experiment to cultivate Pinus tabulaeformis in the same field where chestnuts and Pinus tabulaeformis were grown previously. As a result, the Pinus tabulaeformis grew particularly well.

13. Interplanting peonies with herbaceous peonies can significantly promote the growth of peonies, making them lush, large and colorful.

14. In red pine forests, Platycodon, Atractylodes, Reed and Zoysia grow well.

1) Pregnant women are afraid of living near cypress trees because the smell of the trees can induce vomiting.

2) “Banyan trees do not tolerate people.” The aura of the banyan tree’s aerial roots is not good for people and it is not suitable to be near home.

3) It is not advisable to sleep under a grape trellis as the aura there is bad for your health.

4) Peach and willow trees are planted in the east, elm trees are planted in the west, jujube trees are planted in the south, and apricot and plum trees are planted in the north.

5) If there is an elm tree behind the house, all the ghosts will migrate.

6) Plant white orchid in front of the house, and it will give you beautiful flowers and fragrance.

7) Pomegranates facing the sun are as red as fire, while plums facing the shade are so sour that they make your mouth water.

8) Elms and willows shade the back eaves, peach and plum trees stand in front of the platform.

3. Compatible flowers and plants:

● Planting calendula and roses together can effectively control soil nematodes and make roses thrive;

● Planting grapes and violets together will produce grapes with a stronger aroma;

● Interplanting peony and herbaceous peony can significantly promote the growth of peony, making it luxuriant, with large and colorful flowers;

●Redwood and maple, elderberry and spruce, walnut and hawthorn, chestnut and Chinese pine can promote each other.

●Growing lilies and roses together or placing them in a vase can extend their flowering period.

●Putting camellia, sasanqua, safflower oil tea together with camellia can significantly reduce mildew diseases.

● Planting amaryllis and tuberose, camellia and red onion orchid, pomegranate and sunflower, hydrangea and rose, saffron and pea flower together is beneficial to both sides. Pine, poplar and caragana all have good effects together.

●European spruce grows well with raspberry hazel and prickly ash, and their growth is further promoted when their roots are tightly intertwined.

● If nasturtium, which blooms for only one day, is placed together with cypress trees, its flowering period can be extended to three days;

● Placing camellia, sasanqua, safflower oil tea, etc. together with litsea cubeba can significantly reduce mildew diseases.

●Onions and carrots are good friends. The smell they emit can repel pests from each other.

●Soybeans like to live with castor beans. The smell of castor beans scares away beetles that harm soybeans.

●Corn and peas are intercropped, and both grow healthily and benefit each other;

●When lotus root, stem and leaves can emit chemical substances, are mixed with radish, large radishes will grow within half a month .

●Grass has many roots, which can secrete organic acids to promote the formation of granular structure, which is used by leguminous plants. The root system of leguminous plants can not only help the soil form granular structure, but also produce nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of grass.

4. Flowers and plants that are mutually exclusive:

●The secretions of Robinia and lilac inhibit the growth of nearby flowers and trees; lilac and violet cannot be interplanted;

●Cherry inhibits the growth of certain plants;

●The leaves and roots of walnut can secrete a substance that has an inhibitory effect on rose trees such as crabapple and various herbaceous flowers.

●It is not advisable to plant fir trees around peach trees;

● Grapes cannot be interplanted with Ulmus parviflora;

●Elm cannot be interplanted with oak or birch;

●Pine and spruce cannot be interplanted;

●The secretions of elderberry roots inhibit the growth of pine and poplar trees;

●Planting various flowers next to fruit trees will accelerate the withering of the flowers.

●Don’t even think of growing daffodils and lilies of the valley next to each other. If they grow together, they will both perish.

● If lilac is planted next to lily of the valley, it will wilt immediately. The scent of lilac will also endanger the life of daffodils.

● If you grow lilacs, violets, tulips and forget-me-nots together, they will all suffer.

●Flowers that can secrete aromatic substances, such as mint and rose, have a certain inhibitory effect on the ecology of nearby flowers.

● Do not plant juniper together with pear and crabapple trees to prevent the latter from getting rust, which will cause leaves and fruits to fall off.

●When roses and mignonette are together, the former will exclude the latter, causing them to wither together; and before and after withering, mignonette will release a chemical substance that will poison the roses and kill them.

●If ripe apples, bananas, etc. are placed together with blooming roses, roses, daffodils, etc., the ethylene released by the former will cause the potted flowers to wither early, thus shortening the viewing period.

●The leaves, bark and roots of oleander secrete oleandrin and juglone, which can harm other flowers.

● Planting hydrangea and jasmine, dahlia and rose, narcissus and lily of the valley, rose and lilac together will cause harm to both or one of them. Pine trees cannot coexist with elder trees. Not only can elder trees strongly inhibit their growth, but they can also prevent pine nuts from sprouting under the elder trees. They cannot exclude the growth of white-leaved poplar trees. Pine trees have antagonistic relationships with ash trees, spruce trees, oak trees and birch trees, resulting in pine trees withering. Cypress trees and orange trees are also not easy to grow together.

●For example, the roots of walnuts can secrete a substance called juglone. After being hydrolyzed and oxidized in the soil, it becomes extremely toxic and can cause damage or death to pine trees, apples, potatoes, tomatoes, birch trees and many herbaceous plants.

●In addition, cloves, mint, and laurel can secrete a large amount of aromatic substances, which have an inhibitory effect on the ecology of adjacent plants. It is best not to place them together with other potted flowers for a long time; the volatile oils of juniper contain ether and trichlorotetracarbonyl, which will slow down the respiration of other flowers and plants and stop their growth, resulting in poisoning.

● Cabbage and mustard are a pair of irreconcilable "enemies". If they get along with each other, both will suffer. If white flowers live with wheat, corn, and sunflowers, they will defeat crops such as wheat. There are also irreconcilable "enemies" such as sugarcane and mustard, cucumber and tomato, buckwheat and corn, sorghum and sesame.

As we all know, rice and barnyard grass are "enemies" that repel each other. Corn and mustard, sorghum and sesame, sweet osmanthus and wheat are all "enemies" of each other. If you force them to grow together, one plant will be completely killed by the other.

5. Self-toxicity:

1. In flower plants, the isomeric cinnamic acid excreted by the roots of guayule can inhibit its own growth. This is particularly evident in crops, and many crops should not be planted repeatedly. 2. In flower gardens, the same flower plants should be avoided from being planted continuously, and different varieties should be rotated.

And the following:

When two plants are planted together, some interesting phenomena often occur. Some of them show "love for each other" and help each other grow; while others are enemies and "incompatible", resulting in either one side being harmed or both being hurt. This phenomenon is the incompatible behavior between plants.

1. If castor oil plant and mustard are planted together, although the former is much stronger than the latter, the lower leaves of the former will turn yellow and gradually die.

2. If tomatoes and cucumbers live in the same "house", they will be angry with each other every day and not grow well, resulting in reduced yield.

3. If cabbage and celery are interplanted, neither will grow well or may even die.

4. Planting cabbage in the vineyard will inhibit the growth of grapes.

5. In the forest, if an oak tree and an elm tree meet, you will find that the branches of the oak tree will turn away from the elm.

Grow in a curve, trying to stay away from this "bad neighbor".

6. The types of plants placed in various parts of the house are as follows:

1. Choose cacti, prickly pear, spider plants, roses, tulips, evening fragrance king, lilies, and calla lilies in the bedroom to achieve a peaceful, tranquil, and gentle effect. Couples are harmonious under the fragrant flowers, children are quiet, and they fall asleep easily and have a good rest.

2. The living room should be more particular. The varieties you can choose are lucky bamboo, physalis, cactus, Podocarpus, seven-leaf lily, bamboo palm, money tree, Clivia, Hoya, orchid, cyclamen, citrus, nest fern, dragon blood tree, etc.

3. Study The study should be filled with the fragrance of books, and plants should be placed in the owner's Wenchang position. You can choose mangosteen flowers, asparagus fern, lucky bamboo, ivy, etc. These plants can enhance people's thinking power and are conducive to learning. You can also put a pot of calamus on the desk to calm the mind and prevent insomnia.

4. Dining room In addition to being healthy, the dining room should be clean and uniform. Plants can be yellow roses, yellow carnations, yellow jasmine, etc., mainly orange, which can increase appetite and promote health.

5. The balcony should be equipped with seasonal flowers and plants according to the sunlight conditions, such as jasmine, chrysanthemum, Dutch, crabapple, passion fruit, asparagus orchid, dianthus, begonia, sunflower, Milan, osmanthus, crab orchid, etc. When placing various flowers, the positive ones should be placed close to the sunlight and the negative ones should be placed behind them, so that the sunlight can be properly collected.

6. If the main door faces the stairs, you can use sword-leaf red, fishtail palm, and bamboo palm to ward off evil spirits. Place them in the conflicting place. For example, if there is evil spirits facing the balcony window, you can use cactus, rose, jade unicorn, or potted gourd to ward off evil spirits.