■American Countryside

After a busy day outside, I really want to dive into my own home, thoroughly enjoy the comfort of the recliner, enjoy the warm sunshine coming in through the window, enjoy the fragrance of the log furniture, and even have a fireplace, so that I can read a wonderful novel while warming myself by the fire in winter. And this expectation of "home" can be met by the American country-style home design, which gives you the same happiness as when you walk on the golden wheat field road and hum a leisurely tune when you go home. The American country style takes comfort as the design criterion, pursues the original feeling of the material more, and pays attention to the roughness of the material itself and the fine contrast of the workmanship. Strive to make the natural smell of sunshine, grass, and dew everywhere in the house, as if it is easy to pick up and not artificial.
The American pastoral style highlights the elegant and comfortable style, the elegant and casual appearance, the colors are mostly light slate and antique white, the random graffiti floral patterns are the mainstream features, the lines are random but focus on cleanliness and efficiency. Compared with other styles of furniture, its furniture categories are the most extensive.
American rural style focuses on the communication between family members, the distinction between private space and open space, and the practicality and firmness of furniture and daily necessities. American rural style furniture usually has simplified lines and rough volumes, and its materials are also very wide: solid wood, printed cloth, hand-woven nylon, linen fabrics and naturally cut stone...
In the selection of special decoration materials, this style often uses uncarved natural wood, stone, rattan, bamboo, red brick and other materials, simple texture, practical furniture, often decorated with pine, oak and other materials, showing a sense of old. Wallpapers are mostly based on patterns of leaves, golf balls, horse racing, etc. Rough fabric sofas, coffee-colored checkered curtains, and dark wood floors with clear textures are also decorative points.
American rural style, also known as American country style, belongs to a natural style, advocating "return to nature", and strives to express the leisurely, comfortable and natural pastoral life interest in the indoor environment. It can skillfully set up indoor greening to create a natural, simple and elegant atmosphere. The pastoral style has long occupied an important position in American furniture.
It should be said that the American pastoral style abandons too much cumbersomeness and luxury, and combines the beautiful shape of classicism with the functional equipment of neoclassicism. It is simple and bright, easy to maintain, and naturally more suitable for modern people's daily use.
The American pastoral style is pragmatic, standardized and mature. Take the middle class in the United States as an example. They have a fairly good income to support them, and the middle class generally has at least one large house. They can freely develop their own preferences in a large room, and the design cases also show the taste, hobbies and life values ​​of their residents to a considerable extent.
Generally speaking, when you enter the door, you can appreciate the public part of the home space. The living room and dining room are used to entertain guests and entertain friends.
In terms of material selection, they tend to prefer harder, brighter and more gorgeous materials. The dining room is basically connected to the kitchen, which has a large area, is easy to operate and has powerful functions. On the other side of the kitchen opposite the dining room, there is usually a small snack area. The multifunctionality of the kitchen is also reflected in the fact that most of the interpersonal communication within the family takes place here. These two areas are connected with the living room to form a large area, becoming the focus of family life.
The living room is generally lower and calmer than the living room. The materials used are also more comfortable, flexible and warm, which can effectively establish a warm and cozy family atmosphere. Televisions and other entertainment items are also placed in this space. You can imagine the joy of this "three-in-one area" under the sound and color of TV commercials, the harmony of pots and pans, and the noise of children playing.

■Chinese Pastoral

The tone can be the golden color of harvest or the calm and simple mud color. Combined with the blue bricks on the wall, natural materials such as wood, stone, rattan, bamboo, and fabric are used as much as possible for decoration. Soft decoration often has rattan products, green potted plants, porcelain, pottery, and even ancient items such as straw raincoats and hats. Because of the profound culture and strong macroscopicity! Therefore, the Chinese pastoral style is often tacitly regarded as a part of Chinese style design in people's consciousness without being specifically mentioned separately. Therefore, this part can be understood as one of the manifestations of Chinese style. Due to the limitations of the article, and the Chinese style can be self-contained and can be explained in a special article, this article will not go into details.

■French Pastoral

France is the largest country in Western Europe and one of the most important countries in the history of the European continent. French cuisine, the lavender fields in Provence, the wines of Bordeaux, and the "Left Bank" area of ​​Paris are all the world-famous pride of France. The humor and romance of the French, the pleasant climate and superior natural conditions of France, as well as the social and humanistic atmosphere and long-standing agricultural life that have been filled with artistic atmosphere since the Renaissance, have made the French pastoral style, like French food and art, have the most gorgeous colors and distinct artistic characteristics. It occupies an extremely important position in various pastoral style branches in the world. Its most obvious feature is the whitewashing treatment on the furniture and the bold and bright color matching. The whitewashing treatment makes the furniture reveal a classical and timeless texture, and the color matching of yellow, red, blue and purple reflects the fertile and rich earth scene (the color matching of the furniture in the country hotel in the classic comedy "The Great Escape" boldly uses the matching of green and purple). The simplified curling curves and exquisite patterns of the chair legs are also the embodiment of elegant life.

In addition, due to the French people's self-confidence in their own culture and their respect and active tolerance for other cultures, the French interior also presents the characteristics of the fusion of multiple national cultural expressions. In the homes of the French, in addition to silverware and furniture from their own country. Not only can you find glassware from nearby Italy, but you can also find porcelain from the East, wood carvings from North Africa, carpets and other decorations.

■South Asian Pastoral

South Asia mainly includes India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and other countries. Located in the subtropical and tropical regions, there have been many ethnic groups since ancient times, and religious beliefs are diverse and complicated. Except for a few large cities with relatively high industrialization, most other areas are still traditional agricultural areas. The influence of various factors makes the furniture style of South Asia appear rough, but peaceful and approachable. The material is mostly teak, which has a strong sense of brightness. There are also furniture made of coconut shells, rattan and other materials. There are many aging techniques, and they like to make carvings. The color tone is mainly coffee color. In addition, earth yellow, pink, dark green and other bright colors are also often used.

In addition, Indian saris, brass handmade candlesticks, walls and gauze curtains with bright colors (earth yellow, vermilion, peacock blue), hand-forged ironwork, statues with religious characteristics, hand-carved copper and tinware, and walnut fruit plates, jewelry boxes and other wooden items are also indispensable decorations with strong national characteristics.

■Korean Pastoral

Korean pastoral should be a pure oriental pastoral style, which is obviously influenced by Japan, and it is not bright in the pastoral style system. But modern Korean pastoral is already another brand-new style mode. It is a combination of European and American pastoral elements and modern lifestyle. It can be said to be the most popular, fastest-growing and most representative pastoral decoration style in China today. Many people almost equate it with "pastoral style", but its history can even be described as "brand new". Its popularity is closely related to the popularity of Korean popular culture, especially in various modern fashion fields in China. It belongs to a diversified modern pastoral style spawned by a modern lifestyle. Its characteristics are: the main color is mainly soft and romantic pink. Romantic lace, green plants, white mixed water furniture with a little classic European and American elements, cartoon dolls everywhere, plush carpets and other decorations. She combines a certain degree of classic European and American popular elements with modern Asian fashion lifestyle. And its style of furniture is cheaper and easier to obtain than traditional European and American furniture. Therefore, it is highly respected and favored by today's fashion people, especially fashionable white-collar women.

Korean style and American style have similarities. They are both styles that combine modern aesthetic elements, modern lifestyles and classical elements, especially European elements. However, there are some obvious differences between the two in some details: Korean furniture is less atmospheric and more delicate than American furniture. There is no relatively delicate carving pattern and atmosphere of American style. But it is more delicate and small. It depends more on decoration to express the natural, lovely and romantic atmosphere. Therefore, Korean pastoral style furniture is like the popular Korean modern pop culture, there is always an indescribable cartoon atmosphere and fairy tale atmosphere.

4. A brief summary of modern pastoral style design details:

Although there are many branches of pastoral style, they are very different from each other. But there are also some common design details to pay attention to. Especially in modern pastoral style interior design, color is undoubtedly one of the most important links that can show whether the overall effect is good or bad.

The most important feature of pastoral style in terms of color is warm tones: light orange, tender pink, grass green, sky blue, light purple... light, water-like colors can make the interior exude an absolutely natural and relaxing atmosphere. In terms of furniture selection, you can choose light wood or ivory furniture, and partially embellish it with light-colored (light green and light blue are especially good) and natural color accessories. For example, photo frames, vases, decorative paintings, etc. can highlight the theme of pastoral style. When decorating the bedroom, you can also choose wallpaper with floral or vine patterns. When arranging pastoral home furnishings, be sure to avoid the colors of adjacent items being too close. For example, light wood color and tender green both have yellow components, so it is easy to create a feeling of no color difference, and the spatial hierarchy is therefore unclear. At this time, you can consider choosing a green with a higher concentration. In addition, white porcelain utensils and transparent green glass are very useful "refreshing" tools.

In addition, the current pastoral style is mainly decorated by mixing water. White doors, white plaster lines and skirtings, white door and window frames are all very common decorative methods. The reason for choosing such decorative methods is that this can better highlight the freshness or richness of the pastoral style.

5. Common misunderstandings about pastoral style decoration and some solutions:

Misunderstanding 1: Turning European and American pastoral style into a court style.

The main feeling of the pastoral style is warmth, comfort, and most importantly, simplicity and nature. European and American pastoral styles have more European and American style elements. However, it seems that many people on the fence network only have a European concept, thinking that as long as things with European style are piled together, they become the so-called pastoral style. This is definitely a serious misunderstanding. Gorgeous iron crystal chandeliers, arches, Roman columns, plaster reliefs, etc. are all court styles, and they are not suitable for the pastoral style at all. Of course, it does not mean that these must be ugly. You can match them at will if you like, but this type of thing mostly appears in the decoration of European aristocratic courts. Generally, it requires a large area and a high floor height to have momentum and feeling. A family residence with an area of ​​100 to 200 square meters below 3 meters looks bloated and a bit tacky. Most of these things are produced by some merchants who copy some foreign elements in order to seize consumer psychology. For example, some homes have arches in a pastoral style, but the floor height is only between 2700-3000. The arch is not in place and is too close to the top, which is not beautiful. The same is true for large iron chandeliers. First, they are hung too low and look too unimpressive visually. Friends who like this kind of palace style recommend you to visit the "Louvre Palace" on the top floor of Shanghai Yuexing Furniture City. Although I always think that Roman columns, relief lines, large chandeliers, and arches are relatively vulgar, they are so shocking when combined in such a grand scale. Of course, if you actually go to Europe to visit those ancient European buildings, they will be more imposing. Arches are generally slender in proportion, and even exceed a ratio of 1:4.

Misunderstanding of pastoral style is too simple, and it becomes a stereotyped pattern.

When talking about European and American pastoral style, everyone must think of floral fabrics, especially those with small red flowers on a white background. Many people even cover the entire wall with such floral wallpaper, making it feel like a hotel. Some people use small floral patterns on sofas and bed sheets, and then add plaster lines. This seems to have become a routine. In fact, floral patterns are just a characteristic representative of European pastoral style. In fact, if you visit the pastoral rooms in the authentic European and American villages, you will find that small floral patterns are not as popular as you think. You may not meet one family with small floral patterns in 10 households. In fact, plaid fabrics, some simple floral patterns, striped fabrics, and even some monochrome fabrics are all very beautiful if the colors are well matched. They are very pastoral. Pastoral is originally something simple and casual.

Misunderstanding 3: Selection of wall and floor tiles

Many people use antique tiles with relief patterns and waistlines, which look like the gorgeous medieval style. Some tiles are printed with patterns or decorative paintings with European and American pastoral styles. In fact, these are not real pastoral styles, and merchants can create some concepts to meet the consumer psychology of those who pursue European culture, and add those European elements inappropriately and rigidly into building materials. In fact, it is recommended to use the monochrome 10*10 small tiles of Changgu ceramic tiles, which are more tasteful. Remember to add 3-5MM gaps, and try retro diagonal paving. Monochrome and simple oriental The things look more attractive and more tasteful. Those retro carvings and reliefs are a bit too accidental. Of course, I am not advertising Changgu Tiles, because I know very few tile brands. Now the mainstream tiles are those fancy large seamless tiles. I just think that the monochrome matte Changgu Tiles are more simple. Of course, the quality of Changgu Tiles is not cheap, and the size and curvature of the tiles are still flawed. The pastoral style does not need to be too perfect, it can be more casual. Of course, I only recommend using this type of tiles. As for what brand, I don’t know much, so you can go shopping.

Misunderstanding 4: Furniture

Speaking of pastoral style, there are more young people who like it, and young people who choose furniture in pastoral style mostly choose white. Especially some white furniture of French pastoral style. In fact, this white series of furniture is also a misunderstanding. White is more commonly used in palace style, of course, there are also many pastoral styles. Personally, I think buying a whole set of white furniture is a bit too rigid. I suggest mixing and matching. French pastoral furniture on the market is generally too complicated and gorgeous. It has lost the simple and natural characteristics of pastoral style. Of course, some so-called "pastoral" furniture signature sets of photos do look fatally attractive to people who like pastoral style, including me who can't resist it. But if you analyze it calmly, for better expression, photos usually have a larger space for placement, and many things are placed diagonally for the composition of the photo, which looks very natural, but you have to pour some cold water. There is a gap between ideal and reality. Usually, a master bedroom of about 15 square meters has a 6-foot bed in the middle, a bedside table on the left and right, a 4-door wardrobe, and a TV cabinet and dressing table in front of the bed. This is the most basic, practical and most rogue arrangement. However, the visual effect of this is that the furniture is straight and square, and no matter how beautiful it is, the effect is greatly reduced. In the photos, many pieces of furniture, such as beds, cabinets, and sofas, are placed diagonally, which looks very natural and not rigid, but in reality, this kind of placement is often not allowed. Of course, friends who live in large villas don’t have this concern. It is recommended to place the furniture as unevenly as possible, such as a thin and short bedroom TV cabinet with a thin and tall single-row 7-drawer cabinet. It will look better if the high and low levels are separated into steps, which can be orderly. It is better to place furniture diagonally, such as the cabinet placed at a 45-degree angle at the corner. You can also consider a variety of furniture colors, white furniture with some wooden furniture. It is recommended that wooden furniture should not be matched with orange-yellow and coffee-colored furniture with too high saturation. It is difficult to match them, and it will look ugly if they are not matched well. Choose some grayish wood colors with a little old look. Koala furniture has many good ones, but most of them are too complicated, and the price of furniture there is not low, and the quality of things is also average, but you can find some special things.

Misunderstanding 5: The pursuit of pastoral effect is too pure

Many people are too pure and deliberately pursuing pastoral effects, and even make the European pastoral effects more European than Europeans. The table lamps are too pure European style, and most people choose very classical and luxurious ones. They almost hope that every part of the house is full of classical European style. That is not very practical. In this era, there are so many electrical and digital products, and it is impossible to achieve a perfect classical feeling, so some modern and simple pastoral styles can be used. Some things can even be mixed in a postmodern way, such as a rustic and rough dining table, covered with a plain tablecloth, and the lamps on it are a set of 3 modern stainless steel lampshade chandeliers. Of course, modern ones with a touch of retro are best. It doesn't mean that you have to match them like this, it's just an idea. In fact, IKEA has many series of furniture that are very typical modern pastoral styles, and the design feels It is very good, and can be said to be excellent. You will know it if you go shopping and study it carefully. For example, the sofas of the Ektor series, the cabinets of Macor, and some partitions and woven boxes are all natural and simple, but they do not affect the beauty at all. Of course, as for myself, I don’t even want to see any IKEA items in my home, mainly because the repetition rate is too high. The price of the items is much cheaper than the items in the large furniture market outside, but the quality and workmanship are very average, and can even be said to be relatively poor. Moreover, the service is completely saved, and installation and transportation are not included, so the price is relatively low. But the style of IKEA items is really good, simple and modern, and retains some of the main features of the classical European pastoral style. The style of IKEA can be said to be a model of modern pastoral style. You don’t have to buy IKEA items, but the matching is very worth learning from.

Misconception 6: Choice of lamps

I have mentioned it above, and I will bring it up again here. Whether you really want to go for classical, European, or pastoral style, it is best not to choose European iron art lamps for chandeliers, which are not suitable for small-sized, high-rise and low-rise family residences. Moreover, many styles are too vulgar and too complicated. Moreover, the asking price is ridiculously expensive, and you can even cut a zero by bargaining. In fact, IKEA has several good iron art chandeliers, which are simple and classic, suitable for the simple pastoral style. However, you must bear the high repetition rate, which can be seen in many places and families, because IKEA only has a few models, and the workmanship is very ordinary.

In general, it can be seen that the misunderstandings of modern people decorating in pastoral style can be attributed to: understanding simplicity as complexity, understanding farms as palaces, and understanding plainness as carving. The reason is: one is that people who choose this style are still far away from the real pastoral life in their daily lives, but they hope to enjoy the leisure and individuality of the pastoral. Another is the unfamiliarity with foreign, especially European and American lifestyles. The understanding is too one-sided, and the pursuit of complexity and purity in form is too much (it seems that the Chinese people's understanding of Chinese interior design is also somewhat similar to the "purity" characteristics). Therefore, according to everyone's actual situation, there are 10 suggestions for modern pastoral style and pastoral style:

1. Get more carpets, for example, in the most trampled places, such as the front door, under the dining table, under the coffee table in front of the sofa, and around the bed. It is best to have some

2. Use some plain colors and floor depth to create a layered look. Don't choose too flowery or classical patterns.

3. Get fewer closets and more beautiful partitions and shelves.

4. Choose a medium-light floor, a little antique, not too bright, and a little gray is best

5. Light-colored walls, with some color, not too bright, beige, light yellow Light grey-green or even light grey is good, with a white edge on it, and it is better to have no lines.

6 Choose a retro 3-person long sofa, and try to keep the color away from the wall. It can be a jumping color

7 Furniture is mixed with white and wood, and chairs are also better to mix, or even a dining table with 6 chairs of different colors and styles, but the styles are not too conflicting

8 More lattice window grilles and doors, the grid can be thicker to feel more.

9 Match some iron art elements

10 Remember that European and American pastoral style is basically equivalent to European and American country style. Simplicity and nature are the most important. Don't pretend to be a European hodgepodge of classical, complex, luxurious, and simple.

2. Technical article:

With the basic theoretical guidance of pastoral style. How can it be realized in the material environment? In fact, the decoration of pastoral style is no different from the basic decoration of other styles in terms of basic decoration, and it is even relatively simpler than other styles in general. Because the principle of pastoral style decoration is to "return to nature, not to be meticulous". It does not require partial, special shapes, and even avoids any deliberate, artificial traces.

But it cannot be said that pastoral decoration has no "meaning". The means of realizing pastoral style actually require more elements to interact with each other. "Both soft and hard decorations must be grasped, and both hands must be hard"! Without the paving and foil of hard decoration, then the soft decoration is scattered even if it is rich and colorful. If the soft decoration is not in place or ignored, no matter how reasonable, practical and exquisite the hard decoration is. It is like a walking corpse without soul.

The following can provide some details of hard and soft decoration that are worth noting in pastoral style decoration:

1. Details of the treatment of arched door openings.

Arched door openings are an important decorative form in pastoral style decoration. They can also be seen everywhere in most pastoral style interiors. In the specific construction, several details that need to be paid attention to are:

A. Pay attention to the construction of arched doorways

Avoid using wooden materials such as plywood to achieve the shape by bending. Because in the actual use in the future, the plywood will crack and deform as time goes by and the external environment changes. Therefore, in the specific construction, it should be considered to use gypsum board with less deformation. So how to achieve the bending of gypsum board? You can cut the gypsum board into thin strips according to the actual situation and piece it into an arch shape. As for the gaps between the gypsum strips, although they are a bit larger, they can be filled by burning gypsum. In this way, it will not be so easy to deform and crack, and it is highly repairable.

The pastoral style wall treatment can be very flexible and diverse. Not only can you use the most commonly used latex paint, but you can also enjoy a large number of wallpapers in a specific style. In addition, the use of texture paint with a sense of vicissitudes and roughness and slightly exaggerated mosaics in some parts can produce unexpected special effects under the background of local lighting.

B About the craft of furniture aging

No matter what kind of pastoral style, old furniture is undoubtedly indispensable and a unique landscape.

Nostalgia is a kind of sentiment. When people's lives tend to be more stable, they miss the past more. People are often moved by the scene. Some marks on the furniture can reflect the precipitation of various cultures and record various humanistic information. Furniture in European and American countries particularly advocates retro and nostalgic style. With the development of the furniture industry, furniture exported to Europe and the United States accounts for a large part of the total furniture. Antique craftsmanship that meets the needs of Europe and the United States has become the mainstream craft of furniture surface treatment and maintenance. With the strengthening of international exchanges, this antique aging craft has also been accepted by some domestic consumer groups. At the same time, in the style of and traditional furniture finishing, antique aging craftsmanship is also partially used.

Furniture antique aging craftsmanship uses a series of craftsmanship techniques to imitate new products into products from a long time ago, giving new products a long historical imprint. The imitation of wind erosion, insect pests, damage, and stains on new products, although these imitations are deliberate and artificial, the surface effects they produce can not only conceal the surface defects of the product itself, but also add added value to the product, so it should not be underestimated.

The antique aging process is currently the most commonly used in the production of American furniture, followed by European-style furniture with Renaissance characteristics and exquisite materials. In order to achieve the effect of imitating the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, some antique aging processes are also used.

Imitation of aging and painting are not counterfeiting or fakes. It is mainly different from the requirements for producing ordinary products in the treatment of the substrate and painting of the furniture surface. At present, furniture manufacturers implement antique aging and painting as surface coating processes. Compared with ordinary painting, the antique aging process on the surface of furniture can awaken some beautiful memories and release the feelings of yearning for and returning to nature.

Furniture is most closely related to people's daily life. The shape of furniture, the color of furniture, and even the surface of furniture need to be damaged and marked before painting. Secondly, the color, uniformity, glossiness and clarity of the coating need to be specially treated. The following are some treatment methods.

1 Treatment of substrate

1.1 Insect infestation is the most likely to occur when furniture is stored for a long time. Insect infestation generally occurs in softer parts of the material, the edges of the product, the rotten railings, and the damaged parts. Insect infestation is not easy to occur in hard parts of the material (such as knots), and the surface of the product is also not easy to be infested. The shape of insect infestation can be scattered and isolated individually, or it can be densely clustered. The size and depth of insect infestation can be the same or different.

1.2 Tear marks

When furniture is hit and invaded by sharp objects during use, a piece is torn off, leaving a tear mark. Tear marks are a treatment method with the largest volume of surface damage in the antique aging process. The tear marks generally have a rough structure, creating a shabby feeling. Since tear marks are large in size and highly destructive, the depth, size, and number of tear marks should be strictly controlled. Avoid the structural part of the product when making them, and try to make them at the defective part of the product.

Tools for making tear marks are usually sharp woodworking tools such as chisels and axes.

1.3 Hammer and knock marks

It is common for the surface of furniture products to be knocked and hit. Hammer and knock marks are imitations of the marks left after the product is hit by such physical objects. Depending on the size of the impact object, such marks can be large or small, and the shapes are also varied. Generally, they are made at the defective part of the product.

Tools for making small knock marks can be angular iron tools. For example, tire knives, nut strings, etc. There are various hammers for making large hammer marks. The shape of the hammer head, the angle of knocking, and the strength of knocking are used to determine the shape, depth, and size of the marks.

1.4 Chamfering and chamfering

After long-term use, the edges and corners of furniture will wear out, which is a very common phenomenon. The corners of furniture are rounded in areas where it is frequently used, and the edges and raised parts are ground to a smooth transition. Therefore, the selection of the parts for chamfering and beveling is very important. Only the correct selection can achieve a realistic effect.

The commonly used tools for making chamfers and beveling are sandpaper, and portable sanders can also be used, which is more efficient.

1.5 File marks

The marks left by the sawtooth-shaped objects when furniture is used are called file marks. There are usually multiple scratches at the same time. The spacing between the scratches is equal and has a certain angle. The length is within 10mm. The tool for making file marks is a wood file. Wood files of different specifications produce different file mark effects.

1.6 Thread marks

The traces left by the threaded metal objects pressed into the surface of the furniture.

To make thread marks, the threaded part can be knocked on the surface of the furniture, or the threaded hardware can be used to pressurize the surface of the product to form a threaded mark. The thread marks should not be too large or too long. Generally, there are less than 5 threads, and the pitch should not exceed 1.5mm. 1.7 Horsetail marks, earthworm marks

Horsetail marks are arc-shaped scratches, which can be thick or thin. Horsetail marks can be slightly blunted with the sharp head of a hard object, or wide horsetail marks can be scraped with a hard object.

Earthworm marks imitate the curved grooves left after insect infestation. It is best to make several tools to imitate the irregular, naturally changing depth of earthworms, like dragonflies crawling.

1.8 Exposed tendons

Exposed tendons are to expose the wood tendons. After long-term use of furniture made of coniferous wood such as pine, the surface of the wood shows deep annual ring marks. This is determined by the growth law of coniferous wood. The early wood of coniferous wood is relatively soft, and the late wood tissue is relatively dense, and it is not easy to wear during use. The exposed tendon treatment is to use tools such as wire brushes to remove the soft parts of the early wood, retain the dense late wood, and simulate the effect of long-term use.

2 Color and layer treatment

The color treatment of antique and distressed paint is not completely the same as the requirements of general furniture products. Antique paint gives the furniture a deep feeling of experience. Therefore, for the color treatment of the surface of antique (distressed) furniture, it is not required to have consistent color but to allow color changes to increase the layering of the product.

Antique and distressed paint coloring does not need to be very bright. By increasing the contrast of the entire product color, the long time span of the product is expressed by deep, medium and light colors. Another feature of coloring is that translucent colorants are often used to reduce the clarity of the product surface and create a hazy sense of mystery. For the coloring of traditional Chinese furniture antique paint, some white colorants are often used to simulate the effects of damp whitening and mildew.

2.1 Cloth printing

Cloth printing is essentially a color shape. Using colorants, by brushing and wiping manually, the surface color of the product has various levels of deep, medium and light, forming an effect of color degradation of the product after long-term use.

In the process of cloth printing, the material can be colored and wiped in the bottom coloring process. In the surface coloring process, it can be brushed and wiped during the coloring operation after the primer to adjust the level of the product.

2.2 Levels

Levels are an important process of antique painting, commonly known as Grace. Grace is also called antique wiping colorant. It is rubbed on the part of the product that needs to be colored. Wiping Grace is an extremely important process. In antique painting, in order to prevent the end face of the wood from absorbing too much colorant, first use a cloth or brush to apply the non-color Grace main agent to the outside of the wood end once, blocking some wood holes on the end face, so as to adjust the color. After wiping, the Grace can be wiped out with steel wool according to a certain pattern to remove some lighter parts of the color, reflecting the level of light and dark contrast. Grace colorant dries slowly, and various translucent and fully transparent colorants can be added. The use of insoluble pigments can achieve a translucent effect, making the product surface soft, forming a contrast and creating a classical interest.

2.3 Spraying

Spraying is also called pine fly black spots. It mainly imitates the traces left by flies on the surface of furniture during long-term use, when the excrement and colored objects splashed on the surface of furniture without being wiped clean.

Spraying is generally arranged after the first layer and before the second layer of topcoat. The color of the spray is generally consistent with the color of the product. Black and dark brown are commonly used. Opaque paint is generally used for spraying, and translucent coloring paint and Grace colorant can also be used. The size and distribution density of the spray point are often based on customer requirements.

There are special spraying operations, and the spray gun can be smashed to adjust the size and density of the spray point. After spraying, the antique effect can be particularly obvious.

3 Choice of topcoat

The topcoat treatment of antique and old painting generally uses matte topcoat with relatively low gloss, and nitro lacquer is often used for finishing. PU paint is more difficult to apply. Crack paint is also often used in antique-style aging, and the cracks in the paint film can also create a good antique effect. However, the fullness and feel of the topcoat must meet the design requirements.

The antique-style aging process can conceal the surface defects of some furniture products through a series of treatments such as destruction, making imprints, and coloring spray points. In design, material selection, and wood processing, we should make full use of the characteristics of antique-style aging, and choose the method of antique-style aging according to the characteristics of the product. Different products have different requirements for aging. Taking imprints as an example, the type, size, number, and distribution of imprints must be appropriate. Too few imprints will not achieve the effect, and too many will appear unnatural and harmonious.

The antique-style aging process is just a form of coating for a product. Both producers and customers know that this is an imitation. Everyone is working hard to make the antique-style aging process more in line with market needs. The substrate processing methods and print shapes are developing, and the coloring process methods are also constantly innovating... How to make furniture, a product that has both practical value and ornamental value, perfectly combine the antique-like finish of the furniture surface with the product shape and style, to make it ancient yet not vulgar, and old yet new, still requires continuous exploration.

3. Market:

        Pastoral style design has been popular this year, which has created a large number of diversified markets and has also generated a huge driving force for the development of interior design. So who is the main body leading the domestic pastoral style? Why can it lead to such a situation? How will the pastoral style perform in the market in the future? This can be analyzed and prospected.
From the actual market performance, in recent years, the role of women in home decoration has become more and more important, and feminine decoration elements are therefore highly respected. Women are born to love romance, and people who pursue romance should have a kind of bond with pastoral style rooms. Those romantic feelings that come from the bones are the dream of every woman. The important

　　thing in the pastoral style is the choice of overall color, and the key to determining the overall color lies in the positioning of the wall, fabric and furniture. Lace, gauze curtains, sheets, and tablecloths are the elements of the style. The carefully matched colors of the bedside table and tiger chair, the lace table lamp cover and chair cover are more charming. The pink wallpaper and fabric are harmonious and unified, creating a sweet space for two people like a rose. The bedding and wallpaper with floral checkered or floral patterns in the bedroom, plus the hand-painted pots and jars scattered in various spaces, can easily immerse people in the fresh, comfortable, elegant and leisure atmosphere of the American pastoral style, and give rise to a sense of ease and leisure.

　　The popularity of the pastoral style and its own special requirements allow women to have more space to display their natural talents. And the strong promotion of women has promoted the greater development of the pastoral style. At the same time, the natural economic nature of women also makes the market of the pastoral style very potential and active. In every big city, the stores selling pastoral style decorations account for almost half of all similar stores or the total amount of goods. This is very convincing evidence.
      In addition, the natural inclusiveness of the pastoral style and its compatibility with most styles of decoration also determine that it has flexible means of survival. It can occupy the entire living environment as the main body. It can also give other design styles (such as modern mix and match) a more vivid vitality in the form of foil.
Therefore, in the foreseeable stage. The performance of the pastoral style in China should be more diversified and more professional. At the same time, it is also more and more integrated with other styles.