The peak periods for most pests and diseases to invade and cause damage to fruit trees are before and after bud break, during the young fruit stage after flowering, and during the rainy season. Especially after flowering, pests and diseases such as spider mites, aphids, scale insects, thrips, anthracnose, and leaf fall disease begin their peak activity. This is a critical period for pest and disease control, but it is also the time when young fruit is most sensitive to pesticides. Improper pesticide selection and application can not only affect the control effect but also cause black spots or pesticide damage on the fruit surface. Therefore, strengthening integrated pest management after flowering is particularly important.

      After the fruit trees finish flowering, new leaves begin to sprout in large quantities, and various diseases and pests begin to appear and cause damage. Integrated pest management measures should be implemented targeting the main disease and pest species to comprehensively control their occurrence and damage.

Grapes are mainly susceptible to: downy mildew and black rot;

Pomegranates are mainly susceptible to: dry rot and sooty mold.

The main diseases affecting peaches include: peach leaf spot;

Citrus fruits are mainly affected by: anthracnose, canker, and scab.

The main diseases affecting pears are: anthracnose, black spot, and sooty mold.

The main pests affecting grapes include: green stink bugs and scarab beetles;

Pomegranates are mainly infested with: aphids and thrips;

The main pests affecting peaches are aphids and pear fruit moths.

Citrus fruits are mainly affected by: aphids and spider mites;

The main pests affecting pears include: pear psyllids, aphids, and Comstock mealybugs.

1. After fruit trees bloom, spray with 2500-3000 times diluted cypermethrin or methomyl to control spider mites and kill the eggs of leaf-eating insects and fruit-eating moths. To control scale insects: prune infested branches and brush off scale to reduce the source of infestation. Use abamectin or pyrethroid insecticides to control pear psyllids; mixing with thiamethoxam can provide sustained control of spider mite infestations.

2. Within 10-15 days after the fruit trees bloom, spray with Bordeaux mixture (1:4:20, copper sulfate: lime: water) or 50% carbendazim wettable powder at a dilution of 1000 times to effectively prevent leaf drop, anthracnose and brown spot.

3. Choose highly effective, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides, as well as biological pesticides, plant-derived pesticides, and mineral-derived formulations. Do not use organophosphate pesticides such as methamidophos and dichlorvos after fruit trees have flowered. The use of highly toxic pesticides such as 1605, methyl 1605, methamidophos, and arsenic trioxide is strictly prohibited.

4. Employ green pest control measures: agricultural measures such as cleaning orchards, scraping tree bark, summer pruning, and rational fertilization; promote the application of pheromone traps, color boards, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, and sugar-wine-vinegar solutions to attract and kill pests.

5. Choose appropriate timing and dosage for prevention and control: Different pests require different targeted pesticides. For chewing pests, choose insecticides with stomach poison action. For piercing-sucking pests, choose insecticides with strong systemic action. For bacterial diseases, agricultural streptomycin or neomycin are suitable. Pests and diseases exhibit significant differences in pesticide resistance at different growth stages. After onset, multiple treatments with systemic fungicides are necessary to reduce reinfection and prevent excessive leaf drop. Determine the dosage based on temperature and humidity conditions. Use the maximum dosage during periods of low temperature. Do not spray or use Bordeaux mixture or synthetic copper preparations in high humidity, fog, dew, or prolonged overcast conditions. For resistant pests with waxy coatings, pesticide adjuvants can be added to increase penetration and spread.

6. Select spraying equipment with high pressure and good atomization: For dwarf and sparsely planted orchards, use low-volume sprayers as much as possible, use multiple nozzles with small orifice diameters, and avoid using spray guns as much as possible to ensure high atomization and uniform application of pesticides to the leaves and fruit surfaces to improve the control effect.

7. Choose pesticide varieties that will not affect pollination or damage the fruit surface: Young fruit trees are more sensitive to pesticides, so it is essential to choose pesticides with suitable ingredients and excellent formulations. Avoid using copper-based pesticides, sulfur-based pesticides, manganese-zinc-based pesticides, and organophosphate pesticides, as these may kill natural enemies and beneficial pollinating insects such as bees, moths, and butterflies. For aphid control, use imidacloprid or acetamiprid.

To control spider mites, use pyridaben; avoid using sulfur-containing, copper-containing, compound, and non-complexed mancozeb fungicides, as well as ineffective and poor-quality fungicides, to prevent fruit rust and rough fruit surface.

Avoid using fungicides such as thiram, which can easily cause phytotoxicity to young buds and fruits. Prioritize formulations with higher safety profiles, such as microemulsions, suspensions, emulsions, aqueous solutions, and water-dispersible granules. Exercise caution when choosing emulsifiable concentrates and wettable powders from well-known manufacturers. Even among water-dispersible granules, formulation quality varies greatly. High-quality water-dispersible granules have uniform particle size, disperse evenly in water, and exhibit good stability, while low-quality granules have inconsistent particle size, often containing a lot of powder, and disperse poorly in water.

The formulation of pesticides has a great influence on their efficacy. We should use as few wettable powders and emulsifiable concentrates as possible, and use more water-based pesticides such as water suspensions, dry suspensions, water emulsions, and microemulsions. These pesticides kill insects and fungi thoroughly and have a long-lasting effect, and can also prevent fruit rust.

      When spraying pesticides, it is best not to mix too many types; 3-4 types are preferable. When preparing the pesticides, first use a small bucket to prepare them one by one, adding each pesticide in turn and stirring before adding the next, and finally pouring the remaining pesticide into the spray tank. Spraying is most suitable when the weather is sunny with a light breeze and a temperature of 20-30℃. When bagging the fruit, spray and bag simultaneously, but ensure the pesticide on the fruit surface is completely dry before bagging. If the fruit tree area is large and bagging cannot be completed within 5 days of spraying, strive for good atomization. First spray the inner canopy and lower branches and leaves, then spray the outer and upper parts. Keep the nozzle at least 100 cm away from the branches and leaves, and move the nozzle to allow the mist to "drift" onto the branches and leaves from different angles. Avoid applying high pressure and close-range, forceful spray to the branches, leaves, and young fruit.