January Flower Guide

Weather characteristics of January: This month is the coldest and the lowest in the year. On January 5, it is the Minor Cold, which is around the time of the "Three Nines" and most areas enter a severe cold period. On January 20, it is the Major Cold, when cold air from the north frequently moves southward, with heavy frost and thick snow, and the lowest temperature of the year. The most important thing for flower maintenance this month is to keep the greenhouses, greenhouses and indoor flowers and bonsai warm and cold-proof, followed by tree pruning, cleaning up dead branches and fallen leaves, turning the land, and preparing the culture soil.

Flower propagation

1. Sowing. The types of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse in January include: Gloxinia, Asparagus, Clivia, Begonia, Cyclamen, Coral, Gerbera, etc. The types of ornamental plants that can be sown outdoors include: Rose (Elizabeth), Nandina domestica, Fortune Seed, Holly, Pyracantha, Palm, Photinia, Alnus, Sapindus, Ligustrum, Wisteria, Tung, Koelreuteria, etc.

2. Cuttings. The ornamental plants suitable for cutting propagation in the open field or with mulch film in January include: plum blossoms (green calyx, palace pink and other varieties), red leaf plum, rose (Elizabeth, Fenghua, miniature and other varieties), cherry blossoms, wintersweets (with heels), spirea, boxwood, pomegranate, silver bud willow, Mahonia, Podocarpus, June snow, three-branched, Hypericum, Admiralty, spray snowflakes, winter jasmine, etc. The species that can be propagated by cuttings in the greenhouse include: jasmine, pearl orchid, geranium, fuchsia, African violet (leaf cuttings), Belgian azalea, triangle flower, carnation, umbrella grass, gem flower, jade leaf, jade tree, stone lotus, epiphyllum, euphorbia, Pilea, mirror grass, shrimp grass, golden bud flower, ground root, Rieger begonia, Clerodendrum thomsoniae, Schefflera arborvitae, rubber tree, Daphne koreana, red back laurel, Guangdong Dieffenbachia, green radish, cordyline, etc. In addition, you can also cut branches of lilac, trumpet creeper, tamarisk, grape, sea daffodil, deutzia, hydrangea, sycamore, fig, etc. and store them in the sand, and then wait until March for cuttings.

3. Grafting. For high-quality plum varieties, one-year-old seedlings of apricot, plum, mountain peach, and hairy peach can be used as rootstocks for rootstock grafting and propagation. After grafting, they are buried in the seedbed and covered with mulch to keep moisture and prevent cold. In Guangdong, bud grafting of four-season oranges and kumquats is often carried out between the Lesser Cold and the Greater Cold. Excellent varieties of roses are bud-grafted with excavated wild roses, and excellent varieties of roses are cut or cleft-grafted with Elizabeth rose varieties as rootstocks. Grafting and cutting are carried out simultaneously, and mulch is covered to keep moisture and prevent cold.

4. Layering. The ornamental plants that can be propagated by layering in January include: purple magnolia, camellia, plum blossom, weigela, gardenia, begonia, podocarpus, snowball, viburnum, winter jasmine, admiralty, hydrangea, hemp leaf hydrangea, spray snowflake, pomegranate, red maple, etc.

5. Division. The types of herbaceous ornamental plants that can be propagated by division in January include: Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogon japonicus, Lucky grass, Allium orchid, Allium orchid, Hosta, Purple calyx, Purple back Dieffenbachia, Jianlan, Chunlan, Cymbidium orchid, Nephrolepis, Belamcanda, Iris, Chlorophytum, Dieffenbachia, Guangdong Dieffenbachia, Bromeliad, Small Talan, Alpinia officinalis, Monstera, Aloe, etc. The types of woody ornamental plants that can be propagated by division in January include: Nandina domestica, Hypericum, Mahonia, Begonia, Palm bamboo, Spraying snowflake, Red Spiraea, Goldfinch, Admiralty, Winter Jasmine, Jasmine, Pearl orchid, Tiger thorn, Gardenia, Tripterygium, Boxwood, Purple Magnolia, etc.

6. Collect seeds. In January, if there are mature asparagus fern and Clivia seeds in the greenhouse, they can be sown immediately after being collected. The seeds of mature winter coral can also be sown indoors at this time. In January, you can pick Nandina domestica, Pyracantha, Holly, and Pluvialis seeds. After processing, store them in sand for germination. Sow them only after the cracks of the seeds are white.

In January, the seeds stored in the sand, including magnolia, Michelia, Photinia, holly, etc., should be checked frequently to see if the seeds are moldy. If moldy, the seeds must be poured out and re-washed, and replaced with clean fine sand for storage again; if the seeds are found to be dry, they must be sprayed with water in time; if the seeds are found to have cracked and whitened or the radicle has extended, they must be sown immediately and covered with plastic film or straw, pine needles, etc. to keep warm and moist.

Transplanting and planting

In January, in areas that are not too cold, the flowers that can be transplanted and planted include: dianthus, kale, marigold, daisy, etc.; in relatively cold areas, dianthus, kale, snapdragon, pansy, primrose, etc. seedlings can be potted and placed in simple plastic greenhouses first, and then used for display in street flower beds, green spaces and flower borders after the spring returns and the weather warms up.

In January, most deciduous shrubs and greening trees can be transplanted and planted, such as hibiscus, pomegranate, bauhinia, crabapple, ginkgo, liquidambar, maple, wintersweet, plum, white magnolia, purple magnolia, soapberry, Koelreuteria, Albizzia, horse chestnut, red-leaf plum, cherry, papaya, two-sister magnolia, crape myrtle, wisteria, trumpet creeper, linden, Ligusticum chuanxiong, peach, Chinese tallow tree, red-flowered spirea, three-leafed clover, rose, Sophora japonica, Sophora japonica, etc. Evergreen species, especially camphor and French blue, should generally be transplanted in advance to December or delayed to February this month except for special circumstances. Of course, it is also acceptable to carry out intensive pruning after transplanting in a sheltered place, and strengthen cold protection and watering management after transplanting.

In January, despite the cold weather, the area south of the Yangtze River did not affect the collection of wild tree stumps during the forestry afforestation and land preparation process. The main types of tree stumps were deciduous, such as elm, photinia, maple, azalea, crape myrtle, maple, wisteria, wintersweet, wild plum, elaeagnus, euonymus, etc. For evergreen tree stumps, such as nandina domestica, cat's thorn, holly, holly, oak, etc., they must be strongly pruned and most of the leaves must be deleted. Whether it is a deciduous tree stump or an evergreen tree stump, it should be cultivated by shallow burial and high cultivation, and covered with straw curtains to prevent frost.

Watering

In January, the most important thing to pay attention to when watering potted flowers is the temperature of the water used for watering and spraying, that is, to keep the water temperature roughly consistent with the soil temperature. If the difference between the two is too large, it is very easy to cause adverse reactions in potted plants, and even cause the plants to shed leaves, rot roots or die. The best time for watering is 2 to 3 hours around noon. Secondly, according to different plant species, determine the amount, frequency and method of watering. For most potted flowers and bonsai placed in greenhouses, greenhouses and living rooms, it is advisable to keep the pot soil moist. When the temperature is low, watering should be reduced accordingly. When the temperature rises, the amount of watering can be increased and the leaves can be sprayed. For most foliage plants, it is necessary to keep the pot soil moist and pay attention to spraying water on the leaves to keep the leaves of the plants clean at all times. For foliage plants that are not very cold-resistant, such as pink daisy leaves, syngonium, arrowroot, croton, etc., when the temperature is close to the lowest limit temperature that the plant can tolerate, the amount of watering should be especially controlled. For those potted flowers that will bloom around the Spring Festival, such as camellia, sasanqua, Belgian azalea, poinsettia, cineraria, wintersweet, plum blossom, primrose, hyacinth, kalanchoe, marigold, etc., and fruit-viewing plants such as pyracantha, aster, bergamot, lemon, palinurus, kumquat, golden bean, and winter coral, not only must the soil in the pot be kept moist, but the plants must also be sprayed with water to facilitate the expansion of the flower buds and increase the bright color of the fruit.

Although potted flowers do not require much water in January, regular inspections should be carried out to prevent potted flowers placed in remote areas from lacking water. Timely watering of plants with dry soil can reduce the death of overwintering plants.

Newly planted green trees and flowering shrubs should be checked regularly and given timely additional watering. Especially for those evergreen ornamental plants that have been transplanted, the leaves should be sprayed with water around noon to prevent the leaves from shrinking and falling off due to excessively dry air.

Cold protection

Cold protection and heat preservation work this month is the top priority in management work. Any negligence will cause serious losses to potted flowers and bonsai during the winter. According to the lower limit of the lowest temperature that different flower species can tolerate, a special environment for safe wintering should be created for them, either in a greenhouse, in a shed, at home, or buried in the open soil. In a simple plastic greenhouse not lower than 0℃, ornamental plants that can tolerate low temperatures around 0℃ can be placed, such as dactylorhizon, asparagus, asparagus, golden plate, palm, kidney fern, bamboo palm, Nandina domestica, peach leaf coral, Michelia, spring orchid, stump orchid, rich seeds, Daphne koreana, cycad, calamus, phoenix tail bamboo, white bamboo, etc. In a double-layer plastic greenhouse with a temperature not lower than 5℃, ornamental plants that can tolerate low temperatures of around 5℃ can be placed, such as Araucaria, rubber tree, jasmine, pearl orchid, white orchid, miniature coconut palm, bottle orchid, calla lily, spring feather, monstera, kumquat, dahlia, lemon, areca palm, camellia, sasanqua, cymbidium, cymbidium, epiphyllum, Euphorbia, giant Buddha belly bamboo, Belgian azalea, bougainvillea, and five-color plum. In a double-layer plastic greenhouse or greenhouse with auxiliary heating equipment, you can put flowers that can tolerate low temperatures of about 10°C, such as Croton, Caladium, Syngonium, Arrowroot, Bromeliad, Peperomia, Coleus, Lucky Bamboo, Fishtail Palm, Brazilian Iron, Fortune Tree, Net-grass, Red (Green) Gem, Hulk, Green Emperor, Silver Queen, Milan, Cymbidium, Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Oncidium, Vanda, Money Tree, Cymbidium, Desert Rose, Pink Daisy, Poinsettia, Golden Bud Flower, Coral Flower, etc. In particularly cold periods, from 4 pm to 9 am the next day, it is advisable to cover the top of the greenhouse with straw curtains, and stop covering the straw curtains after the temperature warms up. On very cold days, it is necessary to strengthen the inspection of heating facilities and on-duty personnel, especially from 5 to 6 o'clock in the morning, and never turn off the fire or power, otherwise it is easy to cause frost damage to the plants. For those more cold-resistant potted flowers and bonsai plants, such as wintersweet, plum blossom, crabapple, azalea, pomegranate, elm, photinia, oak, crape myrtle, wisteria, boxwood, podocarpus, maple, cypress, juniper, summer cypress, cypress, bayberry, holly, holly, and fraxinus chinensis, they can be buried in the soil together with the flower pots. As long as the temperature is not lower than -10℃, frost damage generally will not occur. In particularly cold weather, cover with plastic film or soft grass to keep warm.

It is worth noting that whether it is placed in a greenhouse, a greenhouse, or a potted flower or bonsai at home, including fruit and foliage plants, in addition to maintaining a suitable temperature, ventilation should also be done well. The doors and windows can be opened around noon when the temperature is highest to prevent the flowers, leaves, and fruits from falling. When providing ventilation, it is also necessary to try to avoid cold wind blowing directly on the plants.

In January, we should pay special attention to the inspection of greenhouses and sheds every time the cold air moves south. If we find broken glass or torn film, we should promptly stop the leaks to prevent the potted flowers from freezing. When providing coal, gas or oil for heating in the greenhouse, we should also carefully check to make sure there are no air or smoke leaks into the greenhouse or shed to prevent the flowers, leaves and fruits from falling due to smoke damage.

In order to promote the flowering of peonies during the Spring Festival, potted peonies can be placed in a greenhouse, heated to 18℃ to 25℃ during the day and kept at around 10℃ at night, and 4 to 5 hours of light (incandescent lamp) can be added every day, and they are expected to bloom around the Spring Festival. Potted plum blossoms, wintersweets, camellias, camellia sasanquas, malus malus, malus sibiricus, and winter jasmine can also be placed in a greenhouse at around 15℃ to promote flowering, and the light exposure time can be appropriately increased to meet the needs of indoor display of potted flowers and trees during the Spring Festival. For potted hyacinths, tulips, red-mouthed daffodils, freesias, etc. that have been placed in the greenhouse in December, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened, and they can also be used for decoration and display during the Spring Festival.

Fertilization

For most of the green trees and flowering shrubs planted in the ground, such as crabapple, white magnolia, magnolia, purple magnolia, two-sister magnolia, magnolia, Michelia, maple, gardenia, horse chestnut, camphor, linden, crape myrtle, trumpet creeper, osmanthus, wintersweet, plum blossom, Podocarpus, cherry blossom, soapberry, albizzia, Koelreuteria, palm, Schima superba, Phoebe nanmu, purple tree, camphor tree, peony, bell, boxwood, grape, coral tree, rose, hydrangea, red leaf plum, Prunus mume, elm For trees such as the leaf plum, magnolia vine, deutzia ovata, mountain plum, costusroot, eupatorium, golden willow, weeping elm, cryptomeria fortunei, Taiwan fir, cedar, Sophora japonica, Sophora japonica, white silk plum, hibiscus, lilac, crape myrtle, photinia, bamboo shoots, purple bamboo, pomegranate, and loquat, if the fertilization task is not completed in December, you can bury cake fertilizer, stable manure, pond mud, and septic tank cleaning materials around the roots of the trees while turning the soil to lay a good material foundation for their growth and flowering in spring.

For potted flowers placed in a greenhouse at around 10℃ to 15℃, such as Belgian azalea, shrimp flower, golden bud flower, Daphne, cineraria, primrose, cyclamen, red-lipped daffodil, begonia, hyacinth, tulip, pineapple, Clivia, strelitzia, and Christmas cactus, you can continue to apply low concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to facilitate the growth of the plants and bud formation and flowering.

For most potted flowers, foliage plants, bonsai, etc. placed in greenhouses, fertilization should be stopped because the plants are in a dormant state in winter, otherwise it is easy to cause the roots of the plants to rot and die.

prune

Continue to prune hedges, green walls and balls that have not been pruned in December; continue to prune flowering shrubs that have not been pruned in December, such as roses, crape myrtles, costus roots, trumpet creepers, wisteria, floribunda roses, camphor trees, plane trees, Chinese tallow trees, pomegranates, red-leaf plums, papayas, wintersweets, plum blossoms, palm trees, grapes, etc.; after pruning is completed, apply basal fertilizer around the root system to meet their spring growth needs.

For bonsai plants that are mainly cut and supplemented by tying, such as Elm, Photinia, Bougainvillea, Camellia sinensis, Oak, Fraxinus chinensis, Bayberry, Elaeagnus, Pyracantha, Serissa juncea, Juniperus chinensis, etc., you can continue to adjust and prune according to the original composition requirements, the development and change trends of the plant trunks and branches, and your personal aesthetic taste, to lay a good foundation for growth and formation in spring. While pruning, you can repot plants that have not been repotted for many years.

Pest and disease control

For the main trunks or large branches of crabapple, plum, elm, papaya, loquat, peach, cherry, red-leaf plum, etc., those that are hollowed out by peach-necked longhorn beetles can be sawed off and the sawed-off trunks and branches can be burned.

Cleaning up the leaves under trees such as roses, grapes, and crape myrtles, collecting them and burning them together can reduce the occurrence of leaf diseases in the next year.

For the horned wax scale, turtle wax scale, red wax scale, cottony scale, shield scale, arrow-pointed scale, mealybug, and thread scale that appear on the trunks and branches of Pittosporum, Plantain Glyptra, Ligustrum lucidum, Pyracantha, persimmon, gardenia, plum, wintersweet, and heather, spraying with high concentrations of swift kill, quinalphos, cypermethrin, and lime sulfur mixture can effectively suppress the large-scale occurrence of scale insects in that year.

For powdery mildew on cineraria in the greenhouse and gray mold on the leaves of primrose, methyl thiophanate can be used to prevent them from spreading to other plants.

Comprehensive prevention and control is carried out for scale insects and sooty mold disease that appear simultaneously on plants such as citron, bergamot, and kumquat in the greenhouse. First, use a damp cloth to wipe off the sooty spots on the leaves and the insects attached to the branches, and then spray pesticides such as dimethoate for prevention and control.

For gray mold on cyclamen plants in the greenhouse, you can use 50% chlorpyrifos (the main ingredient is chlorpyrifos) wettable powder to spray 1000 to 1500 times for prevention and control.

Plowing frozen fields

For the nursery land that has not been plowed in December, you can hurry up to plow it in early January. While plowing the land, apply cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer, soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, etc. After the land has been frozen over the winter, dig trenches in early spring to make beds for sowing and planting seedlings.

Because January is particularly cold, the plants suitable for shaping must be those with soft and tough branches that are easy to shape, such as Podocarpus, cypress, ginkgo, boxwood, velvet cypress, juniper, snow lily, ground cypress, cypress, five-needle pine, Huangshan pine, black pine, bayberry, golden spurge, wax flower, weeping euonymus, banyan, wisteria, etc. After shaping, it is best to place the plants indoors or in a simple plastic greenhouse, and move them outdoors after the spring warms up, which is conducive to the healing of the parts that may be damaged during shaping.

For plants that were shaped with brown ropes or metal wires 1 to 2 years ago, if obvious concave shrinkage marks are found at the binding sites, the original binding materials should be removed and the plants should be re-binded and pulled.

In January, some shallow-pot tree stump bonsai, shallow-pot landscape bonsai, and small and miniature bonsai should be strictly managed. Small and miniature bonsai should be buried in the sand bed indoors; tree stump bonsai should prevent the soil from freezing, which will damage the hairy roots of the plants and cause the artificially cemented rocks to disintegrate. It is also necessary to prevent the plants planted on the small rocks from freezing and dying. They should be placed in a non-freezing place and watered and sprayed regularly to ensure that they can safely overwinter.

Composting

Pour rapeseed cake, bean cake, tea seed cake, etc. into a pool or water tank, soak and ferment them, so that they can be used for watering potted flowers during the growing season; stack dead grass, branches, fallen leaves, etc. in layers with garden soil, set them on fire to make homemade burnt soil, which can be used as covering soil for sowing and seedling raising in spring; mix stable manure, pond fertilizer, tobacco powder, chicken manure and pigeon manure with garden soil and ferment them, which can be used as fertilizer for preparing culture soil.

Complete Handbook of February Flowers

Weather characteristics in February: This month is the last month of winter and the coldest time of the year after January. At the end of February, the weather began to gradually warm up and transition to spring, and quite a number of flowers began to enter the recovery stage from winter dormancy. The main aspects of flower affairs this month are as follows: First, continue to do a good job in cold-proofing and heat preservation of potted flowers in protective facilities; second, do a good job in pruning and repotting some woody flowers after flowering; third, do a good job in the preliminary preparations for cutting, grafting and seeding of some flower species.
1. Sowing. The types of flowers that can be sown in greenhouses or sheds in February include: marigolds, cyclamen, dwarf sunflowers, asparagus, gloxinia, bulbous begonias, red and blue flowers, cornflowers, cosmos, straw daisy, red safflower, marigold, peacock daisy, petunia, calico, phlox, cattail flower, moth and butterfly flower, snapdragon, nasturtium, pansy, etc. At the end of February, the following seeds can be sown outdoors: magnolia, Michelia, Photinia, maple, and crabapple (Rosaceae) seeds that have been treated with sand and have cracked and turned white, as well as camphor, Ligustrum lucidum, purslane, pyracantha, palm, Koelreuteria paniculata, Sapindus mukorossi, horse chestnut, and lilac. Seeds of wintersweet, wintersweet, and wisteria should be soaked for 24 to 48 hours and then sown after the seeds have absorbed enough water. Tuberose bulbs and amaryllis bulbs can also be potted in a greenhouse or shed in February.
2. Cuttings. In February, woody ornamental plants that can be propagated by cuttings in the open field or by cuttings covered with mulch to keep moisture are: plum blossoms (cut one-year branches of varieties such as Gongfen and Lucalyx after flowering), Nandina domestica, Hibiscus mutabilis (in the south), Crape myrtle, Daphne koreana (in the south), Insect of the osmanthus, Pomegranate, Admiralty, Winter jasmine, Jasmine, Snow in June, Hibiscus, Hypericum (plum), Spiraea, Mahonia, Boxwood, Oilseed stalks, etc. Lilac and trumpet creeper branches that have been stored in sand can also be used for cuttings at this time. In early February, you can continue to cut branches of Sea Narcissus, Deutzia odorata, Hydrangea, Tamarix, Plume, Grape, Fig, etc. for storage so that they can be used for cuttings at the end of March.
The ornamental plants that can be cut and propagated indoors in February include: hibiscus, triangular flower, African violet (leaf cutting), bamboo begonia, red back laurel, saffron, geranium, jasmine, pearl orchid, bergamot, jade tree, jade leaf, stone lotus, gem flower, epiphyllum, euphorbia, cold water flower, ground root, longevity flower, liger begonia, clovers, Schefflera, Guangdong Dieffenbachia, cordyline, etc.
3. Grafting. Indoors, use the one-year-old thick seedlings of black pine as the rootstock, graft Japanese five-needle pine, brocade pine, white pine, etc., and then plant them in the ground and cover them with film for heat preservation and moisture retention. Use one-year seedlings of apricot, hairy peach, etc. as the rootstock, and cut and graft to propagate red leaf plum, plum blossom, peach, longevity peach, purple leaf peach, etc. In the area south of the Yangtze River, when the leaf buds on the branches of wintersweet grow to the size of wheat grains, the wintersweet seedlings with a diameter of about 0.8 to 1.2 cm are used as rootstocks, and the fine varieties of wintersweet such as "Suxin", "Xinkou" and "Huti" are propagated by cutting. The survival rate is relatively high by adopting measures such as bagging, aeration and moisture retention. The thick branches of the rose variety "Elizabeth" are used as rootstocks and scions, and the scions of fine varieties of roses are cut or cleft grafted. The measures of grafting first, cutting, and then covering with mulch to keep moisture and prevent cold can greatly improve the grafting survival rate.
4. Layering. The ornamental plants that can be propagated by layering in February include: plum blossoms, wintersweet, crabapple, osmanthus, purple magnolia, gardenia, weigela, podocarpus, cypress, snowball, viburnum, winter jasmine, golden bell, hypericum, hydrangea, hemp leaf hydrangea, spray snowflake, red maple, and Michelia.
5. Division. The herbaceous flower species that can be propagated by division in February include: iris, sunflower, lily, lily, lily, silver-edged lily, auspicious grass, evergreen, peony, hosta, purple calyx, small tower orchid, bromeliad, purple-backed evergreen, Jianlan, spring orchid, cymbidium, kidney fern, spider plant, ground root, canna, arrowroot, monstera, syngonium, strelitzia, Clivia, aloe, etc. The woody flower species that can be propagated by division in February include: Nandina domestica, hibiscus, hypericum, Mahonia, hydrangea, begonia, knot fragrance, winter jasmine, golden bell, goldfinch, spray snowflake, red spirea, jasmine, pearl orchid, tiger thorn, purple magnolia, four seasons osmanthus, phoenix tail bamboo, white bamboo, etc.

1. Harvest seeds. In February, you can pick seeds of Nandina domestica, holly, rich seeds, winter coral, etc., and after processing, store them in sand for germination. They can be sown only after the cracks of the seeds are exposed to white. For the Clivia plants blooming in the greenhouse, artificial assisted pollination can be given in order to obtain Clivia seeds with better genetic quality.
In February, pay attention to check the various flower and tree seeds stored in the sand to see if there is any mildew in the seeds. If mildew occurs, they should be cleaned in time; if the seeds are found to be dry, they can be sprayed with water appropriately to maintain a certain humidity of the sand and seeds; if it is found that the seeds have a small amount of cracks and white, they should be sown in a short time. Once the radicles extend too long, they will be easily broken and affect the emergence rate of the seeds. Large seeds stored in the sand can be sown on demand, and small seeds can be sown in rows or rows. After sowing, pay attention to covering with grass or covering with mulch to keep moisture and prevent cold.
2. Transplanting and planting. In February, the soil in the south is not frozen and the temperature is relatively high. The types of flowers and grasses that can be transplanted and planted include: dianthus, snapdragon, hollyhock, silver-edged holly, daisy, marigold, etc.
In February, most deciduous shrubs and some evergreen tree species can be planted. Among them, deciduous trees such as hibiscus, pomegranate, bauhinia, crabapple, ginkgo, liquidambar, maple, wisteria, crape myrtle, wintersweet, plum blossom (before budding and leafing), magnolia, soapberry, albizzia, horse chestnut, red leaf plum, cherry, papaya, trumpet creeper, linden, Liriodendron, peach, Chinese tallow tree, spirea, three-leafed tree, Deutzia, Sophora japonica, Sophora japonica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus armeniaca, Hypericum perilla (plum), weeping willow, golden willow, hibiscus, cotinus coggygria, persimmon, apricot, etc.; evergreen tree species such as Michelia, camphor, Elaeocarpus, French blue, Machilus nanmu, Machilus nanmu, etc. can be delayed to the end of February or the beginning of March; osmanthus, Ligustrum lucidum, juniper, cypress, cypress, cypress, black pine, etc., should be properly pruned when planting.
1. Cold protection. The weather is still cold in February. After two months of indoor (shed) maintenance, the nutrients in the potted ornamental plants are consumed greatly, and the resistance of the flowers has greatly decreased. We should continue to be careful to keep them moist and cold-proof. If there are heating facilities in the greenhouse or shed, they should continue to be heated, and harmful gases or smoke should be prevented from entering the shed or shed; if straw curtains are hung on the top or around the shed, they can continue to be hung; when the temperature drops suddenly after the snow, we must not take it lightly. For the
overwintering potted flowers placed in the protection facilities, we must continue to ventilate them, especially at the end of February, the ventilation time can be extended during the highest temperature period of the day. It is worth noting that for indoor potted flowers to bask in the sun, it is best to place them on the inside of the south window without opening the window.
For cold-sensitive flowers that are grown in small quantities at home, such as Milan, Phalaenopsis, peacock arrowroot, syngonium, iron cross begonia, croton, pink daisy, etc., in particularly cold weather, you can put them in plastic bags at night, or put them in the bathroom, turn on heating appliances such as "yuba" to ensure that they can safely overwinter.
2. Watering. In February, due to the low temperature, most potted flowers can safely overwinter by keeping the pot soil moist, because at this time the root growth stops, the metabolism is at a low level, and the water demand is less. Once water accumulates in the pot soil, it is very easy to cause the plant to rot and die. For relatively dry indoors, the plants should be sprayed with water and mist on the leaves frequently to increase the air humidity of the local environment. If the indoor air is too dry, the leaves will lose their green color and the flower buds will stop growing. In severe cases, the leaves will shrink and wrinkle, and the flower buds will shrink and fall off. For example, camellia, sasanqua, azalea, plum, dahlia, kumquat, winter coral, etc. may lose their buds and fruits, or even die. In addition, it is also required that the water temperature for watering or spraying water is basically consistent with the indoor and greenhouse air temperature and soil temperature.
For potted plant species that will bloom around the Spring Festival, such as cineraria, primrose, kalanchoe, camellia, sasanqua, Belgian azalea, calendula, etc., and fruit-viewing plants such as pyracantha, bamboo, dahlia, bergamot, lemon, fortune seed, four-season orange, winter coral, etc., not only should the pot soil be kept moist, but also the leaves, flower buds, and fruits must be sprayed with water, so that the leaves can be green, the flower buds can expand rapidly, and the fruits can be brightly colored. Especially for peonies, plum blossoms, Chinese crabapples, and weeping crabapples placed in greenhouses, the branches must be sprayed with water 1 to 2 times a day to accelerate the expansion of their flower buds so that they can bloom as scheduled. The cymbidiums purchased for cultivation in greenhouses have a large difference in temperature and humidity between the greenhouses where they were originally located and the temperature and humidity at home. If the leaves are not sprayed with water frequently, the leaves will often shrink and wither. Potted plants and bonsai placed in air-conditioned rooms , especially Japanese five-needle pine bonsai , must ensure that the pot soil is moist and spray the plants with water 1 to 2 times a day, otherwise the plants are likely to die.
Although most potted flowers do not require much water in February, inspections should be strengthened, especially when the temperature continues to rise for several consecutive days, and additional watering and spraying should be strengthened in a timely manner.
In February, the greening trees and flowering shrubs transplanted in autumn and winter should be watered in time, especially those evergreen trees and flowering shrubs. They should be sprayed with water on the leaves around noon on sunny days to prevent the leaves from shrinking and falling off, which would affect the recovery of growth in spring.
3. Fertilization. In February, most of the greening trees and flowering shrubs planted in the ground can continue to be buried with basal fertilizers. The types of fertilizers include: cake fertilizer, stable manure, chicken and pigeon manure, pond mud, septic tank cleaning materials, etc. The fertilizers can be applied from the ring-shaped grooves dug around the periphery of the plant root system and then covered with soil to meet the needs of the plant's growth and flowering and fruiting in spring and summer.
In February, potted flowers placed in a greenhouse (shed) at 10℃ to 15℃, such as camellia, camellia sasanqua, cineraria, primrose, cyclamen, Belgian azalea, shrimp flower, golden bud flower, daphne, plum blossom, European narcissus, hyacinth, tulip, Christmas cactus, Euphorbia milii, bromeliad, Tillandsia, fruit vine, Clivia, etc., can continue to be topdressed with low concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to facilitate plant growth and bud formation and flowering. For most potted flowers, foliage plants, tree stump bonsai, including small and miniature bonsai, placed in the shed, fertilization should be stopped because they are still in a dormant state, otherwise it is easy to cause the roots of the plants to rot and die.
4. Pruning. In February, after flowering, ground-planted or potted plum blossoms, wintersweets, golden bells, and winter jasmine can be intensively pruned. Only 2 to 3 buds are retained at the base of the branches that have bloomed, and the rest are all cut off, so that more new shoots are produced in the current year, and the branches are dense and dense in the next year. In addition, leggy branches, dead branches, and disordered branches should also be pruned. For tree stump bonsai species that are mainly pruned, such as elm, photinia, banyan, maple, Fujian tea, oak, fraxinus, bayberry, Elaeagnus, holly, holly, snow in June, juniper, juniper, etc., continue to prune; for stumps that have not been repotted for 1 to 2 years, they can be repotted at the same time as pruning.
5. Repotting. The end of February and the beginning of March are favorable times for repotting most potted ornamental plants. Usually, repotting can be best done when the plant's winter dormancy is about to end, the root system resumes growth, and the leaf buds have not yet sprouted. The types of flowers that can be repotted at the end of February include: hibiscus, geranium, Milan, white orchid, jasmine, pearl orchid, two-color jasmine, red-backed laurel, kidney fern, monstera, rubber tree, hanging bell begonia, bamboo begonia, four-season begonia, colorful leaf begonia, spring orchid, cymbidium, Jianlan, iron tree, Clivia, twelve volumes, aloe, Christmas cactus, euphorbia, sedum, jade tree, jade leaf, longevity flower, amaryllis, asparagus, spider plant, Araucaria, Schefflera, Dieffenbachia, Strelitzia, shrimp flower, golden bud flower, coral flower, Clerodendrum, camellia, sasanqua, begonia, hydrangea, Nandina domestica, Croton, Syngonium, arrowroot, Pyracantha, dahlia, kumquat, Buddha's hand, etc.
6. Disease and pest control. For powdery mildew on the leaves of potted cineraria in the greenhouse and gray mold on the leaves of primrose, spray 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder at a concentration of 1500 times at the early stage of the disease, spray once every 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times continuously.
For gray mold on the leaves and corollas of potted cyclamen in the greenhouse, spray 50% fenpropimorph (the main ingredient is fenpropimorph) wettable powder at a concentration of 1000 to 1500 times.
For potted Belgian azalea in the greenhouse, stop spraying foliar fertilizers such as "Multi-effect Good" on the leaves, because the temperature is low and the humidity in the greenhouse is high, and the fertilizer sprayed on the leaves of the plants is difficult to be absorbed. On the contrary, mold is easy to breed on the leaves, and in severe cases, ugly spots will form.
For aphids, scale insects, ants and sooty mold on potted flowers (such as daidai and kumquat) in the greenhouse, you can use a brush to brush them off when there are few insects, and spray 40% omethoate EC at 2000 times if there are many insects. After killing aphids, scale insects and ants, sooty mold will also be eliminated.
For insects such as powdery tamarind, white shield scale, oyster shield scale, black and brown round shield scale on potted flower plants in the greenhouse, you can use a hard brush to brush them off, or use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to kill the insects, or you can use 2.5% Gongfu EC at 2500 times to spray them, or bury 3% furadan and 20% iron chlorpyrifos granules in the flower pots for prevention and control.
Continue to clean up the dead branches and fallen leaves under the flowers and trees, and burn the insect branches and diseased leaves on the potted flowers, which can significantly reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests in the next year.
7. Compost fertilizer. Pour tea seed cake, rapeseed cake, bean cake, etc. into a pool or water tank, add clean water, and seal and ferment them so that they can be diluted in the growing season and used to water potted flowers. Or pile cake fertilizers and ferment them, spread them out and dry them after about 2 months, and then pack them in plastic bags after they are fully dried. Spread the dried cake fertilizer granules in the flower pots as topdressing. It is more convenient than watering liquid cake fertilizer for spring orchids, Jianlan, Molan, Cymbidium, Phalaenopsis, Cattleya and other potted flower species, especially for growing flowers on the balcony. It is convenient and hygienic, and can also reduce the occurrence of foliar diseases. In addition, it can also be used to prepare culture soil.
8. Turn over frozen soil. In early February, you can continue to turn over the uncultivated garden. After the winter freezing soil, when the spring warms up, you can draw trenches to make beds for seedlings or transplanting flowers and trees.
Plants that can be shaped by coiling in February include cypress, podocarpus, juniper, juniper, thuja, juniper, ginkgo, safflower, ground cypress, five-needle pine, Huangshan pine, black pine, thousand-headed red pine, bayberry, goldfinch, small golden plum, wax flower, crabapple, crape myrtle, banyan, elm, maple, etc.
Continue to re-coil and adjust plants that have been shaped 1 to 2 years ago. If the plants have concave binding shrinkage marks, the metal wire or non-metal wire should be removed first, and new binding materials should be replaced for coiling and fixing.
For shallow pot tree stump bonsai, landscape bonsai, small miniature bonsai, stone bonsai, etc., continue to do a good job of insulation and cold protection, so that they are always in an environment not lower than 0℃, to prevent the plants from freezing to death or the artificially cemented rocks from freezing and disintegrating, causing unnecessary losses.

Complete Handbook of March Flowers

(I) Types of flowers suitable for balcony planting
It is impossible for every household in the city to have a small courtyard, nor is it possible for all of them to live on the first floor and have a good environment for growing flowers. Most of them grow some ornamental plants with strong resistance on the balcony to decorate the interior, improve the living environment, and create an atmosphere of returning to nature.
Ornamental plants suitable for balcony planting include those that are relatively drought-resistant. They have hyperplasia of the body surface or cuticle, or are covered with wax, or have thick fleshy plants and contain more juice, or have small leaves that are transformed into needle-like shapes and rarely consume water through transpiration, or are native to arid desert areas and can withstand wind and heat, so they are very drought-resistant, such as iron trees, cacti (yellow hair palm, mountain shadow fist, blue lock dragon, golden amber, big wheel column, Prajna, rat tail palm, coral tree), purslane trees, jade trees, gem flowers, stone lotus, lithops, epiphyllum, sword lotus, leaf cactus, longevity flowers, etc. There are also wintersweet, winter jasmine, amaryllis, silver-bud taro, Guangdong evergreen, spider plant, etc. These flowers are generally not watered for 2 to 3 weeks in spring, which will not cause death, and are more suitable for balcony planting. There is also a category of flowers that are more resistant to sunlight exposure and dry hot winds, can accept full light, and can withstand short-term abnormal high temperatures, and are also suitable for balcony (especially high-rise balcony) potted plants, such as pomegranate, rose, banyan, clove, small-leaved privet, agave, amaryllis, photinia, oak, elm, maple, water bayberry, black pine, juniper, juniper, cypress, holly, holly, yellow vitex, weeping euonymus, longevity peach, sunflower, etc. In addition, jasmine, pearl orchid, five-needle pine, Milan, aphid, bergamot, daisy, lemon, rubber tree, monstera, spring feather, camellia, Schefflera arborvitae, Araucaria, etc., can also be used as balcony potted plants on a slightly lower floor, but water and shade management should be strengthened.
(1) Propagation of balcony potted flowers For
grass flowers suitable for balcony potted plants, such as salvia, colorful pepper, winter coral, marigold, impatiens, petunia, etc., you can sow and raise seedlings in shallow pots at this time.
If you have collected a small amount of asparagus fern and Clivia seeds, you can sow them indoors first after washing them, and then move them to the balcony for cultivation when the outdoor temperature reaches about 15℃.
Succulent plants such as Euphorbia milii, Epiphyllum, Jade Plant, Gem Flower, Echeveria, Portulaca, Coral Tree, and Cynanchum can be propagated by cuttings indoors using plain sand or clean sandy loam, and then moved to the balcony after the spring returns and the weather warms up.
Use a large flower pot filled with loose sandy loam, or vermiculite, perlite, etc. as cutting medium, and propagate gardenia, fuchsia, hibiscus, bougainvillea, podocarpus, rose, pomegranate, begonia, nandina, daphne, and euphorbia pulcherrima by cuttings near the window sill in a good light. However, the pot mouth should be covered with plastic film to keep it moist.
On the balcony, grafting of five-needle pine, brocade pine, plum blossom, longevity peach, red maple, wintersweet, etc. should be covered with bags to keep it moist, otherwise it will not survive easily.
(2) Management of balcony potted flowers
1. Cold protection. Most ornamental plant species suitable for balcony potted plants are still indoors in March. While taking measures such as heat preservation and cold protection, ventilation and light exposure, the plants that need to be repotted should be repotted in time. For flowers and trees with strong resistance placed on the balcony, the pot soil should be kept from freezing. If the pot soil freezes, it will easily cause the potted flowers and trees to freeze and pull out, which will not only affect the normal growth of the plants that year, but also cause the death of the plants in severe cases. You can take measures to build a shed on the spot for protection or move them indoors or in a shed for cold protection.
2. Pruning. For tree stumps such as wintersweet, holly, holly, black pine, five-needle pine, Podocarpus, maple, elm, photinia, bayberry, and Ligustrum lucidum, you can prune and shape them. The trunks and branches that need to be shaped can be shaped in March. For plants that have not been repotted for 2 to 3 years, the soil can be changed; for bonsai placed on the balcony , keep the pot soil moist, water it every 3 to 5 days, and spray it appropriately. Plum blossoms, winter jasmine, golden bell, wintersweet, longevity peach, camellia, etc., can be pruned after flowering to maintain a good plant shape, and the plants can be cleaned up thoroughly, and branches and leaves infected with pests can be cut off and destroyed; the dry cross-sections on the stumps can be coated with lime sulfur and other anti-corrosion agents.
3. Preparatory facilities. If conditions permit, a small pool can be built on the balcony, and a hard board (cement steel bar prefabricated) can be placed on it. The humidity produced by evaporation from the pool can be used to place some flowers that prefer humid air on it in summer, such as orchids, turtle leaves, green giants, little angels, rich seeds, Nandina domestica, etc. The stored water is ideal for watering flowers.
In March, before the potted flowers are out of the room, you can also build a ladder rack for placing potted flowers on the balcony, and choose the support point for hanging the shade net in summer. Once the potted flowers are out of the room and encounter excessive sunlight, the shading measures can be implemented quickly.
In March, you should also prepare the culture soil for changing pots, and prepare all kinds of fertilizers and pesticides to meet the needs of balcony flower planting throughout the year. (II) Propagation of garden flowers
1. Sowing. The garden flowers that can be sown in March are: crape myrtle, bauhinia, wintersweet, summer osmanthus, red maple, and magnolia. The seeds of the last five species need to be soaked in cold water for 24 to 36 hours before sowing, and then sow after they absorb water. The types of flowers and trees that can be sown and raised after sand storage and germination are: cycads, ginkgo, bamboo cypress, podocarpus, fan palm, purple magnolia, Michelia, osmanthus, horse chestnut, Nandina domestica, holly, pomegranate, viburnum, etc. The herbaceous flowers that can be sown include: Impatiens, marigold, globe amaranth, zinnia, sage, cockscomb, colorful pepper, winter coral, four-season primrose, mallow, Mirabilis jalapa, Strelitzia reginae, Clivia, asparagus, etc. Some cold-resistant species should be sown in plastic sheds.
2. Cuttings. The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by cuttings in March include: hibiscus, geranium, epiphyllum, Euphorbia milii, purslane, gem flower, stone lotus, hydrangea, Nandina domestica, Malus malus, silver bud willow, Hypericum, Podocarpus, pomegranate, fig, golden plate, gardenia, Admiralty, forsythia, cypress, Daphne koreana, torch fruit, etc. Cuttings of cold-sensitive flowers should be taken in sheds or indoors.
3. Grafting. The types of flowers and trees that can be grafted in March include: using 1-2 year old black pine seedlings as rootstocks, belly grafting to propagate five-needle pine, Osaka pine, and brocade pine; using 1-2 year old white magnolia and purple magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, cutting grafting to propagate Michelia, Magnolia ovata, etc.; using 1 year old peach and apricot seedlings as rootstocks, cutting grafting to propagate plum blossoms, longevity peaches, peach blossoms, and red leaf peaches; using finger-thick seedlings of wintersweet as rootstocks, when its leaf buds grow to the size of wheat grains, select fine varieties of wintersweet spikes, cut graft and bag to keep them moist, the survival rate is high; using three-edged arrows as rootstocks, grafting Christmas cactus and various cacti, it is best to do it in a greenhouse. In addition, camellia, cherry blossoms, osmanthus, red maple, etc. can also be grafted in March.
4. Layering. The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering in March include: camellia, camellia sasanqua, plum, wintersweet, red maple, Podocarpus, cypress, cypress, Michelia, Malus, snowball, gardenia, osmanthus, purple magnolia, etc.
5. Division. The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by division in March include: orchids, peonies, cypress, asparagus, cycads, nandina domestica, Mahonia, Malus, tiger tail orchid, purple triangle leaf oxalis, canna, Alpinia officinalis, dahlia, Strelitzia reginae, etc.

(III) Types of flowers suitable for garden planting
1. Types of flowers planted on the ground
If the front of your garden is open and has good light and ventilation conditions, or the distance from the front row of buildings is greater than 30 meters, and the soil has been improved to a certain extent, you can plant some flowers that like light and have high requirements for the growth environment. Ground-planted flowers and trees include: white magnolia, ginkgo, osmanthus, purple magnolia, Michelia, two-sister magnolia, papaya, crabapple, weeping crabapple, crabapple, viburnum, snowball, persimmon, hibiscus, magnolia, plum blossom, rose, fig, camellia, crape myrtle, peony, pomegranate, wisteria, cherry blossom, grape, peach, bamboo, red maple, bauhinia, hibiscus, Canary date palm, etc. If your yard is relatively shady and humid, you should choose some types of flowers and trees that are adapted to shady and humid conditions, such as palm, heather, peach-leaved coral, French holly, privet, broad-leaved magnolia, magnolia, camphor, cypress, durian, podocarpus, star anise, cypress, cedar, wintersweet, banana, and bamboo. No matter how bright your courtyard is, or how dry or wet it is, you should pay attention to the following points when choosing ground-planted flowers and trees: First, the lowest temperature that flowers and trees can tolerate should not be lower than the local lowest temperature to avoid frost damage; second, they should be adapted to local soil and water conditions to avoid acclimatization; third, they should have fewer pests and diseases, longer flowering and fruiting periods, fragrance, and auspicious flower names; fourth, the number of flowers and trees should not be too many, 1 to 2 trees are sufficient for a small courtyard, and more trees can be planted for a large courtyard; fifth, the height of adult trees should not exceed the windows and balconies on the second floor, so as not to hinder the lighting of the upstairs residents and affect the relationship with neighbors; sixth, avoid planting flowers and trees that cause human allergies or contain toxic substances; seventh, you should choose large-sized plants that grow slowly but have basically taken shape, so that you can achieve the effect of greening and beautification as soon as possible, such as ginkgo, Japanese fir, osmanthus, plum blossom, Podocarpus, etc. The height should not be less than 2 meters; eighth, you should leave some free space for planting grass flowers and placing potted ornamental plants. There are
many kinds of grass flowers and ground cover plants suitable for ground planting. Sun-loving and light-loving plants include dianthus, snapdragon, kale, pansy, salvia, cockscomb, globe amaranth, step-by-step, marigold, hollyhock, impatiens, lupine, daisy, calendula, poppy, onion orchid, dahlia, etc. The more shade-tolerant grass flowers and ground cover plants include: ophiopogon, large-leaf ophiopogon, lucky grass, hosta, purple calyx, amaryllis, dieffenbachia, purple-backed dieffenbachia, spider orchid, iris, calamus, saxifrage, etc.
2. Types of potted flowers
There are many types of flowers suitable for potted plants in home courtyards. Under good conditions, you can choose to plant some types of flowers that require more sophisticated management, such as plum blossoms, Milan, camellia, poinsettia, wintersweet, Belgian azalea, Araucaria, Brazilian iron, money tree, king coconut, white orchid, pearl orchid, jasmine, fortune seed, bromeliad, money tree (dragon and phoenix wood), gray lily (commonly known as African jasmine), cinnamon (commonly known as peace tree), calla lily, primrose, cymbidium, anthurium, Jianlan, Phalaenopsis, anthemum, cyclamen, Oncidium, Vanda orchid, Rieger begonia, bulbous begonia, strelitzia, hibiscus, Clivia, green ivy, spiderwort, croton, little angel, syngonium, bergamot, daisy, lemon, tulip, hyacinth, purse flower, fishtail palm, areca palm, bottle palm, etc. For courtyards with relatively poor conditions, you can plant some species that require less extensive management, such as Nandina domestica, Dracaena, Bamboo palm, Chrysanthemum, Spring orchid, Cymbidium, Amaryllis, Winter jasmine, Admiralty, Goldfinch, Serissa julibrissin, Begonia, Osmanthus fern, cactus, Asparagus fern, Rubber tree, Epiphyllum, Euphorbia, Monstera, Spring feather, Schefflera, Pilea, Osmanthus fern, Bougainvillea, Macrothorn, Camellia, Camellia sasanqua, Rhododendron, Banyan, etc.

(IV) Management of Garden Flowers
1. Management of Ground-planted Garden Flowers
(1) Transplantation. March is the best time to transplant ground-planted flowers and trees. Transplantation of plum blossoms, white magnolias, purple magnolias, two-tree magnolias, horse chestnut trees, and red maples should be arranged as far as possible before the plants sprout and unfold leaves. When transplanting evergreen flowers and trees, some pruning of branches and leaves should be done to reduce transpiration and increase survival rate. Transplantation of wintersweet, crape myrtles, bauhinias, hibiscus, horse chestnuts, peach trees, red-leaf plums, and cherry blossoms can be done even after sprouting, but appropriate pruning is still required. Whether it is an evergreen tree or a deciduous tree, it is necessary to bring enough soil balls when transplanting. Generally, the diameter of the soil ball should be greater than 6 times the diameter of the trunk.
(2) Fertilization. For ground-planted flowers and trees that are not given buried fertilizers in winter, a circular trench about 15 to 20 cm deep can be dug around their root system before they sprout, and then fermented cake fertilizer, stable manure, chicken manure, pigeon manure, etc., or multi-component compound fertilizer can be applied to lay a good material foundation for their growth throughout the year.
(3) Pruning. For plants that have not been pruned yet, especially plum blossoms, wintersweets, golden bells, and winter jasmine after their flowers have faded, in addition to pruning away dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and long flower branches, for one-year-old branches, they can be cut off 2 to 3 cm from the base of the branches, leaving only 2 to 3 buds. After intensive pruning, they will sprout more new branches in spring and produce more flower buds in summer and autumn, which is conducive to flowering next year. For camellia and camellia sasanqua, branches that damage the plant shape can be pruned after flowering, and some weak branches and cross branches in the inner part can be pruned at the same time. For pomegranates, hibiscus, osmanthus, etc. that have formed flower buds and bloomed on new branches that year, pruning can be done in March to adjust the plant shape and improve the ventilation and light transmission of the plants.
(4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. The branches and leaves infected with pests and diseases on the plants should be cut off and destroyed in time to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in the year; for some flowers and trees that are susceptible to pests and diseases, such as roses, wood claws, crabapples, grapes, and weeping crabapples, spraying Bordeaux liquid in time after the leaves unfold can prevent the occurrence of powdery mildew and rust.
2. Management of ground-planted garden flowers and grasses
The types of flowers and grasses that can continue to be transplanted and planted in March include: dianthus, snapdragon, marigold, daisy, hollyhock, mallow, silver-edged ophiopogon, onion orchid, chive orchid, iris, lucky grass, book belt grass, ophiopogon, red flower sorrel, etc. For grass flowers transplanted before February or before the Lunar New Year, if the plants have resumed growth, such as kale and pansy, you can first weed and loosen the soil, and then apply low-concentration liquid fertilizer, such as fermented odorless cake fertilizer water, 0.5% urea solution, or other quick-acting compound fertilizer liquid.
3. Management of potted flowers and trees in the garden
(1) Repotting. For potted wintersweet, plum blossom, weeping crabapple, stalked crabapple, pyracantha, five-needle pine, bamboo, elm, maple, oak, and Fraxinus chinensis placed in the open field, you can repot them before they sprout and leaf out. Replace them with loose, fertile, and organic-rich fresh culture soil to lay a good foundation for growth in spring and summer. For white orchid, Milan, pearl orchid, rose, jasmine, hibiscus, strelitzia, cycad, poinsettia, camellia, Belgian azalea, fortune seed, daisy, bergamot, lemon, monstera, spring feather, Clivia, cherub, syngonium, arrowroot, etc. that are placed indoors, they should be repotted before moving out.
(2) Exercise. In the areas north of the Yangtze River Basin, most potted flowers are still kept indoors in March, and both cold protection and ventilation must be given equal importance. Due to the unstable weather this month and the occasional southward cold current, it is still necessary to continue to do a good job of insulation and cold protection in early and mid-March. In late March, the doors and windows of the room can be opened during the day for ventilation and closed at night, so that white orchid, Milan, pearl orchid, jasmine, hibiscus, poinsettia, monstera, cherub, rubber tree, Araucaria, etc. can gradually accept exercise and adapt to the outdoor environment to avoid premature germination affecting the growth and normal flowering of the year. For potted flowers in areas north of the Yellow River, it is necessary to continue to keep them warm and prevent cold this month, and they must not be taken lightly.
(3) Pruning. For indoor hibiscus, fuchsia, clematis, jasmine, chrysanthemum, white orchid, cycad, rubber tree, fishtail palm, areca palm, croton, asparagus fern, and begonia, necessary pruning should be carried out in conjunction with repotting, including cutting off diseased and insect-infested branches, dead branches, irregular branches, weak branches, and some yellowed leaves. For trees that are mainly used for viewing, such as maple, podocarpus, cypress, Huangshan pine, black pine, elm, fraxinus, oak, and red nanmu, they can also be twisted and pruned before budding in March to further improve their shape. For plum blossoms, wintersweets, roses, peach blossoms, winter jasmine, and golden bells, intensive pruning can be carried out after flowering but before budding.

(IV) Types of flowers suitable for balcony planting
It is impossible for every household in the city to have a small courtyard, nor is it possible for all of them to live on the first floor and have a good environment for growing flowers. Most of them grow some ornamental plants with strong resistance on the balcony to decorate the interior, improve the living environment, and create an atmosphere of returning to nature.
Ornamental plants suitable for balcony planting include those that are relatively drought-resistant. They have hyperplasia of the body surface or cuticle, or are covered with wax, or have thick fleshy plants and contain more juice, or have small leaves that are transformed into needle-like shapes and rarely consume water through transpiration, or are native to arid desert areas and can withstand wind and heat, so they are very drought-resistant, such as iron trees, cacti (yellow hair palm, mountain shadow fist, blue lock dragon, golden amber, big wheel column, Prajna, rat tail palm, coral tree), purslane trees, jade trees, gem flowers, stone lotus, lithops, epiphyllum, euphorbia, leaf cactus, longevity flowers, etc. There are also wintersweet, winter jasmine, amaryllis, silver-bud taro, Guangdong evergreen, spider plant, etc. These flowers are generally not watered for 2 to 3 weeks in spring, which will not cause death, and are more suitable for balcony planting. There is also a category of flowers that are more resistant to sunlight exposure and dry hot winds, can accept full light, and can withstand short-term abnormal high temperatures, and are also suitable for balcony (especially high-rise balcony) potted plants, such as pomegranate, rose, banyan, clove, small-leaved privet, agave, amaryllis, photinia, oak, elm, maple, water bayberry, black pine, juniper, juniper, cypress, holly, holly, yellow vitex, weeping euonymus, longevity peach, sunflower, etc. In addition, jasmine, pearl orchid, five-needle pine, Milan, aphid, bergamot, daisy, lemon, rubber tree, monstera, spring feather, camellia, Schefflera arborvitae, Araucaria, etc., can also be used as balcony potted plants on a slightly lower floor, but water and shade management should be strengthened.
(1) Propagation of balcony potted flowers For
grass flowers suitable for balcony potted plants, such as salvia, colorful pepper, winter coral, marigold, impatiens, petunia, etc., you can sow and raise seedlings in shallow pots at this time.
If you have collected a small amount of asparagus fern and Clivia seeds, you can sow them indoors first after washing them, and then move them to the balcony for cultivation when the outdoor temperature reaches about 15℃.
Succulent plants such as Euphorbia milii, Epiphyllum, Jade Plant, Gem Flower, Echeveria, Portulaca, Coral Tree, and Cynanchum can be propagated by cuttings indoors using plain sand or clean sandy loam, and then moved to the balcony after the spring returns and the weather warms up.
Use a large flower pot filled with loose sandy loam, or vermiculite, perlite, etc. as cutting medium, and propagate gardenia, fuchsia, hibiscus, bougainvillea, podocarpus, rose, pomegranate, begonia, nandina, daphne, and euphorbia pulcherrima by cuttings near the window sill in a good light. However, the pot mouth should be covered with plastic film to keep it moist.
On the balcony, grafting of five-needle pine, brocade pine, plum blossom, longevity peach, red maple, wintersweet, etc. should be covered with bags to keep it moist, otherwise it will not survive easily.
(2) Management of balcony potted flowers
1. Cold protection. Most ornamental plant species suitable for balcony potted plants are still indoors in March. While taking measures such as heat preservation and cold protection, ventilation and light exposure, the plants that need to be repotted should be repotted in time. For flowers and trees with strong resistance placed on the balcony, the pot soil should be kept from freezing. If the pot soil freezes, it will easily cause the potted flowers and trees to freeze and pull out, which will not only affect the normal growth of the plants that year, but also cause the death of the plants in severe cases. You can take measures to build a shed on the spot for protection or move them indoors or in a shed for cold protection.
2. Pruning. For tree stumps such as wintersweet, holly, holly, black pine, five-needle pine, Podocarpus, maple, elm, photinia, bayberry, and Ligustrum lucidum, you can prune and shape them. The trunks and branches that need to be shaped can be shaped in March. For plants that have not been repotted for 2 to 3 years, the soil can be changed; for bonsai placed on the balcony, keep the pot soil moist, water it every 3 to 5 days, and spray it appropriately. Plum blossoms, winter jasmine, golden bell, wintersweet, longevity peach, camellia, etc., can be pruned after flowering to maintain a good plant shape, and the plants can be cleaned up thoroughly, and branches and leaves infected with pests can be cut off and destroyed; the dry cross-sections on the stumps can be coated with lime sulfur and other anti-corrosion agents.
3. Preparatory facilities. If conditions permit, a small pool can be built on the balcony, and a hard board (cement steel bar prefabricated) can be placed on it. The humidity produced by evaporation from the pool can be used to place some flowers that prefer humid air on it in summer, such as orchids, turtle leaves, green giants, little angels, rich seeds, Nandina domestica, etc. The stored water is ideal for watering flowers.
In March, before the potted flowers are out of the room, you can also build a ladder rack for placing potted flowers on the balcony, and choose the support point for hanging the shade net in summer. Once the potted flowers are out of the room and encounter excessive sunlight, the shading measures can be implemented quickly.
In March, you should also prepare the culture soil for repotting, and stockpile all kinds of fertilizers and pesticides to meet the needs of growing flowers on the balcony throughout the year.

Complete Guide to April Flowers

Weather characteristics in April: As the cold air from the north weakens, the warm and humid air from the south becomes stronger and stronger, and the temperature rises significantly. After the Grain Rain, the late frost in the areas south of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River has ended, the lowest temperature is not less than 5℃, and the rainfall has increased significantly. Most potted flowers can be moved outdoors for maintenance; while in the Huaibei area, potted flowers can only be moved out of the house after the late frost ends in May.
From south to north in April, the methods of home flower cultivation are as follows:

1. Fertilization management
1. Fertilization
For potted camellia, camellia sasanqua, wintersweet, azalea, winter jasmine, golden bell, daphne, kumquat, daisai, winter coral, schlumbergera, spring orchid, cymbidium, annua, and crane orchid, because they consume a lot of nutrients when they bloom or bear fruit, they need to be topdressed with nitrogen-based fertilizers, such as retting thin cake fertilizer liquid, to promote their growth when they resume growth after the spring warms up; for potted flower species that are about to bloom, such as rose, bauhinia, pomegranate, jianlan, hibiscus, and white orchid, topdressing should also be given, the type can be potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., and the concentration can be controlled at about 0.2%. For ground-planted white magnolia, purple magnolia, Michelia, plum blossom, wintersweet, crabapple, etc. after the flowers have faded, topdressing should also be done in time to meet their nutritional growth needs.
2. Shaping and maintenance
The fortune tree can be braided in April. Dig up the sown or purchased money tree seedlings, spread them in a cool place for 1 to 2 days to let them lose some water, then braid them with 3, 5, 7 odd-numbered trunks, press them down with heavy objects, and choose a suitable pot to plant them after the shape is fixed; the vitality of the money tree is very strong, even if it is not processed into a braid or planted in time, spreading it for 3 to 5 days will not affect its survival and normal growth in the future.
3. Adjust the plant shape to prevent diseases
For potted flowers moved outdoors, it is necessary to promptly remove dead branches, yellow leaves, and dead stems, adjust the plant shape, and strengthen water and fertilizer management; for flower species that are prone to diseases, it is necessary to spray lime sulfur or Bordeaux liquid in time to prevent possible diseases.
4. Management of Fruit-viewing Potted Plants
For the fruit-viewing potted plants that bloom in April, such as papaya, ginkgo, pyracantha, peach leaf coral, weeping crabapple, etc., especially the dioecious or cross-pollinating species, during the flowering period, attention should be paid to creating favorable conditions for their pollination and fertilization, so that they can be fertilized normally and bear fruit, and do not miss the opportunity.
5. Management of cutting seedling beds
For ornamental plants that have just been cut, before they have formed healing tissue, special attention should be paid to water spraying and misting management. Except for those with intermittent spraying devices, water (fog) must be sprayed 2 to 3 times a day to keep the cutting medium moist at all times to create an optimal environment for healing and rooting.

2. Bonsai modeling
April is one of the best time periods for bonsai modeling. The most suitable ornamental plants for beginners to practice modeling are those with strong adaptability and branches that can withstand repeated twisting and twisting by beginners without seriously affecting their normal growth, such as Podocarpus, cypress, snow in June, bayberry, cypress, Euonymus, crape myrtle, velvet cypress, flower cypress, banyan, boxwood, elm, winter jasmine, knot osmanthus, ginkgo, black pine, cypress, etc. Other species suitable for modeling in April include wild hawthorn, five-needle pine, Huangshan pine, peach, pyracantha, red nan, Fraxinus chinensis, maple, oak, kiangsu, golden marble, weeping crabapple, Fujian tea, papaya, Elaeagnus, holly, golden pine, tiger thorn, etc.
As the bonsai plants begin to grow vigorously, they should be twisted and corrected with metal wire or non-metal wire in time to keep them in a good ornamental state. For the maintenance of five-needle pine bonsai, special attention should be paid to the following three aspects this month: first, timely bud picking. When the winter buds sprout and granular needle primordium appears on them, 1/2 to 2/3 of the bud length can be picked off to make the new shoots shorter and denser; second, wipe off the male and female cones. When the needle buds and male and female cones can be identified from the new shoots, the female cones at the top of the new shoots and the male cones at the base of the new shoots should be wiped off in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients during reproductive growth; third, watering should be controlled. From the beginning of the growth of new shoots, watering should be strictly controlled. Do not water unless the shoots are dry. Spray instead of watering to ensure that the new needles are short clusters and the branches remain flat and good.

3. Repotting and Transplanting of Home Flower Cultivation
1. For potted flowers that were not repotted in March, as long as the shoots are not too long, or the soil is not removed too much and the roots are not cut too short during repotting, repotting can be done in April. However, it should be pointed out that for deciduous flowers and trees, if the shoots are too long, especially plum blossoms, repotting is not allowed after the leaves are unfolded.
2. April is the best time to transplant outdoor flowers and trees, whether they are deciduous or evergreen, as long as their leaf buds have not yet unfolded or their shoots have not grown long, they can be transplanted with soil balls in April; for evergreen flowers and trees, such as camphor, magnolia, Michelia, and white orchid, some branches and leaves must be pruned to reduce the transpiration of water from the crown; for deciduous flowers and trees, it is best to transplant them before their leaves unfold, such as magnolia, horse chestnut, linden, crabapple, wintersweet, red-leaf plum, ornamental peach, plum, apricot, etc.; usually the diameter of the soil ball for transplanting flowers and trees should be no less than 6 times the diameter of the trunk of the transplanted flowers and trees, so that the flowers and trees can be transplanted without worries without destroying the soil ball.

4. Home flower cultivation methods - flower propagation
1. Sowing
Flowers suitable for sowing in April include Cleome, Mirabilis jalapa, Cockscomb, Amaranthus, Sunflower, Glitter, Globe amaranth, Salvia, Impatiens, Morning glory, Rainleaf morning glory, Round-leaf morning glory, Red tobacco, Petunia, Asters, Coreopsis, Snake eye daisy, Marigold, Red and yellow chrysanthemum, Amaranth, Asparagus, Primrose, Nasturtium, Kochia, Acer truncatum, Orangutan, Basil, Asparagus, Cosmos, Adenophora, Mimosa, etc. The types of Magnoliaceae flowers and trees that can be sown in April and have been stored in sand include: white magnolia, Huangshan magnolia, Baohua magnolia, grandiflora, Tianmu magnolia, Wudang magnolia, Magnolia officinalis, concave-leaved magnolia, Tiannv flower, mountain magnolia, Pseudomonas magnolia, Magnolia, red-flowered Magnolia, Ruyuan Magnolia, large-fruited Magnolia, Coptidis, Michelia, multi-flowered Michelia, Lechang Michelia, Yunshan white orchid, golden-leafed Michelia, Emei Michelia, Ligusticum aviculare, hybrid Ligusticum aviculare, North American Ligusticum aviculare, etc.; other greening flowers and trees that can be sown in April include: Japanese fir, golden pine, Araucaria, golden pine, crape myrtle, bauhinia, albizzia, yew, pittosporum, tallow tree, Huangshan Koelreuteria, soapberry, liquidambar formosana, maple, palm tree, wintersweet, summer sweetsweet, white azalea, wolfberry, Nandina domestica, fortune seed, palm, etc.
The ornamental plants that can be harvested and sown in April include: gerbera, asparagus, primrose, winter coral, golden flax and milk eggplant. Among them, golden flax can be picked at the end of April when the fruits have turned black, white and soft. After washing out the seeds, they can be sown on a fertile seedbed. It is also possible to hide the seeds in sand until the cracks are exposed, then sow them and cover them with grass to keep them moist. Generally, after two weeks, when about 70% of the seeds have sprouted, the grass should be removed in time, and a shed should be built for shade. For cultivating milk eggplant, the golden yellow fruits can be peeled off, the seeds can be washed out, and the seeds can be soaked in warm water for 24 hours. Sow them in fertile sandy soil. After 10 days, the seeds will germinate and emerge from the soil. When the seedlings grow 6 to 8 true leaves and the plant height is 15 cm, they can be transplanted. They can be potted for fruit viewing or planted in the ground for special cut flower material cultivation.
2. Grafting
The types of flowers and trees that can be grafted in April include: wintersweet, dragon claw locust, peach, longevity peach, red flower locust, cactus and Christmas claw orchid, etc.
3. Division
The greenhouse foliage plants that can be divided in April include: white peace lily, tiger tail orchid, orchid, fern, bamboo palm, spider plant, agave, silver emperor evergreen, evergreen, Guangdong evergreen, arrowroot, aloe, peperomia, monstera, spring feather, etc.; greenhouse flowers that can be divided include: Clivia, colorful pineapple, Strelitzia, gerbera, purple calyx, Cattleya, crane orchid, dendrobium, Jianlan, annua, spring orchid, begonia, etc.; bulbous and perennial flowers that can be divided include: dahlia, calamus, canna, lily, tennis flower, amaryllis, hosta, iris, belamcanda, tuberose, lucky grass, daylily, onion orchid, etc. In addition, water lilies and bowl lotus can also be cut and divided at this time.
4. Cuttings
For most types of flowers and trees that are easy to root, as long as their leaf buds have not yet sprouted, cuttings can be used for propagation in April. The main types are: boxwood, Mahonia, Nandina domestica, cypress, Podocarpus, pomegranate, crape myrtle, bauhinia, pyracantha, spirea, Ligusticum chuanxiong, snowflake, osmanthus, and Malus chinensis.
Weather characteristics in April: As the strength of the cold air from the north to the south weakens, the warm and humid air flow in the south becomes stronger and stronger, and the temperature rises significantly. After Qingming, although there is occasional influence of cold air from the south, it no longer poses a threat to most potted flowers in the south of the Huaihe River. Only the areas north of the Huaihe River and the Yellow River are still subject to the harm of snow and frost.

The Complete Guide to Flowers in May

The climate characteristics of May: the temperature continues to rise, and the rainfall gradually increases from south to north. After each rainfall, the temperature rises significantly. There are many spring rains. After the spring rains end, the weather turns hot and humid, indicating that summer will soon come. Therefore, May, the turn of spring and summer, is a critical period for growing flowers. It plays an important role in laying the foundation for the growth of potted flowers in summer and autumn. There are several main contents of flower cultivation from south to north in May:
1. Flower management
1. Watering
As the temperature continues to rise, the demand for water for potted ornamental plants will gradually increase. In addition to paying attention to the combination of root watering and leaf spraying, it is also necessary to pay attention to the quality of water for irrigation and spraying. It is best not to use tap water directly, especially not to use tap water treated with bleaching powder. To this end, tap water can be poured into a pool or a small tank first, and then an appropriate amount of acidifying substances can be added to increase the acidity of the water quality, such as ferrous sulfate, and the concentration can be controlled between 0.1% and 0.2%. The main types of potted flowers suitable for acidic water are: camellia, camellia sasanqua, plum blossom, azalea, azalea, gardenia, daphne, clivia, chrysanthemum, crabapple, red tea, etc.; the foliage plants are: cycad, spring feather, monstera, palm bamboo, rubber tree, fern, podocarpus, croton, red (green) gem, green giant, green emperor, syngonium, arrowroot, bromeliad, Brazilian wood, fortune tree, Schefflera, etc.; the fruit plants are: daidai, pyracantha, kumquat, bergamot, lemon, nandina, winter coral, and fortune seed, etc.
2. Pruning and bud picking
(1) Pruning and cutting of white orchids that have just emerged from the room should pay special attention to the loose pith of the branches, which are easy to lose water and dry up and extend downward. Therefore, consider cutting 8 to 10 cm above the bud to be retained, and do not cut too close to the bud. When pruning potted roses after flowering, the buds should be lowered by 10 to 20 cm. Only the buds in the middle of the branches can produce flower buds.
(2) When picking buds for potted wintersweet plants, attention should also be paid to the location of the buds. Generally, they should be 3 to 5 cm above the selected leaf buds. Otherwise, the wounds will dry up and shrink, affecting the selected leaf buds. For roses that are potted that year, the top buds should be removed in time to promote the formation of a good plant shape.
3. Shade
After May, potted plants that prefer semi-shade or shade should be moved under the shade or under the shade of trees, such as Monstera, Bamboo Palm, Arrowroot, Spring Feather, Hulk, Red (Green) Gem, Green Emperor, Pink Leaf, Livistona, Syngonium, Orchid, Azalea, Strelitzia, Camellia, Camellia, etc.; for light-loving flowers and trees, they must be given sufficient light, such as Wintersweet, Cycas repens, Chinese rose, Pyracantha, Jasmine, White Orchid, etc.; bonsai plants, such as Ulmus pectensis, Photinia chinensis, Acer truncatum, Geum, Oak, Snow in June, Black Pine, and Pinus mongolica, require sufficient light; while Podocarpus, Tiger Thorn, Red Machilus, Cypress, and Five-needle Pinus can be appropriately shaded.
4. Fertilization:
For camellia, azalea, sasanqua, plum, Milan, jasmine, white orchid, gardenia, wintersweet, rose, daphne, Clivia, orchid, crabapple, etc.; pick off the withered flowers and stems after the flowers wither, and apply compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen and supplemented with phosphorus once every half month. While restoring their nutritional growth, it will lay a good foundation for them to produce flower buds again; for species mainly for viewing leaves, such as rubber trees, monstera, Hulk, red (green) gems, green emperors, spring feathers, spider orchids, ferns, etc., apply fermented thin cake fertilizer water once every half month; for foliage plants with colorful spots and patterns, such as golden-edged tiger tail orchid, colorful pineapple, golden heart Brazilian wood, croton, colorful taro, white butterfly syngonium, pink daisy leaf, etc., you can apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the roots to make their leaf color appear more beautiful and bright.
4. Pest and disease control
For roses, roses, etc., pay attention to the prevention and control of powdery mildew and brown spot disease. For leaf-eating pests that appear, spray pesticides in time to kill them; for the citrus swallowtail butterfly larvae that often appear in taro, kumquat, golden bean, bergamot, lemon, rue, etc., spray pesticides to kill them as soon as possible.

2. Bonsai shaping The
ornamental bonsai plants that can still be shaped in May include: plum blossom, small-leaf gardenia, mountain gardenia, Podocarpus, June snow, cypress, bayberry, Kyara wood, ginkgo, etc. It is worth noting that you must be careful when shaping, and try not to hurt the branches and trunks, otherwise it will affect the normal growth of the plants.

3. Potting and transplanting
1. Potting
Most of the potted flowers used for street decoration during the National Day must be potted and planted in May. After 3 to 4 months of careful maintenance, they can bloom on time in late September and early October to create a festive, warm and colorful atmosphere. The main types are: Amaranthus (pink, white, purple), Globe amaranth (white), Cockscomb, Amaranthus, Sulfur chrysanthemum, Asters, Kochia, Marigold, Dragon Mouth Flower, Asparagus, Impatiens, Coleus, Begonia, etc.
2. Transplantation
At the end of April and the beginning of May, when the magnolia flowers are transplanted after they have faded and just sprouted and unfolded leaves, the survival rate is the highest. Some flowers and trees that sprout later and are easy to survive after transplanting can also be transplanted and planted with soil balls in early May, such as Crape Myrtle, Hibiscus, Bauhinia, Pomegranate, Albizzia, etc.
IV. Flower propagation
1. Sowing
The main types of flowers and trees that can be sown immediately after harvesting in May include: four-season primrose, golden plate, broad-leaved Mahonia, loquat, etc. The following three points should be noted when sowing and raising seedlings in May: First, the seedbed should be kept moist, neither water accumulation nor excessive dryness; second, the seedbed should be covered with grass to keep moisture, so as to prevent the seedbed from suddenly changing from dry to wet, causing the seeds to "sprout"; third, after the seedlings emerge, the grass should be removed several times, and a shed should be built in time to shade the seeds, so as not to burn the seedlings.
The ripe blue-black fruits of osmanthus can be picked at the end of May, mixed with sand and rubbed to remove the pulp, rinsed and stored in moist and clean fine sand, and can be stored until February of the following year. When the seeds crack and the tip of the radicle is exposed, they can be sown in the field. During storage, attention should be paid to prevent rodents from stealing and keep the sand moist.
When sowing loquats, the soil should not be too deep, generally not more than 2 to 3 cm is appropriate.
2. Cuttings:
The types of flowers suitable for cutting propagation in May include: impatiens (pink, purple, and white), globe amaranth (white), marigold, cosmos, dragon mouth flower, He's impatiens, coleus, begonias, sulfur daisy, rose, azalea, dahlia, begonia, coral flower, poinsettia, geranium, bougainvillea, hibiscus, erythrina, nasturtium, jasmine, jasmine, jasmine, pearl orchid, red mulberry, deutzia, hydrangea, deutzia, pomegranate, hibiscus, buddleja, trumpet creeper, gardenia, epiphyllum, unicorn leaf, Euphorbia milii, jade plant, jewel flower, maidenhair flower, magnolia, begonia, Cyperus rotundus, five-color plum, red-backed osmanthus, shrimp flower, golden bud flower, dragon's tongue, Guangdong evergreen, cordyline, green ivy, Schefflera, oleander, pyracantha, magnolia, and Buddha belly bamboo with aerial roots.
3. Grafting
In May, use potted 1-2 year old Magnolia orchid seedlings or cuttings to graft white orchid and Michelia; use 1-2 year old Maple seedlings to bud graft red maple, Feather maple, and Sedge maple; use 2-3 year old Rhododendron cuttings with strong flowering to cleft graft western azalea; use wild rose as rootstock to bud graft fine varieties of rose; use Artemisia annua as rootstock to graft fine varieties of chrysanthemum; use two year old Chimonanthus seedlings as rootstock; graft fine varieties of Chimonanthus with tender branches, and potted rootstocks for grafting. In addition, cactus and Tripterygium as rootstock can be used to graft Christmas cactus.
4. Layering
The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by high pressure in May include: white orchid, rubber tree, Milan, azalea, camellia, croton, Michelia, red maple, etc.; the types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by low pressure include: plum blossom, wintersweet, rose, gardenia, Podocarpus, osmanthus, trumpet creeper, etc.

The Complete Guide to Flowers in June

Weather characteristics in June
As June approaches, the temperature rises further. For some dormant or semi-dormant flowers and most bonsai, special care should be taken to prevent root rot due to excessive rain or excessive growth due to insufficient light, which may disrupt the shape or affect the normal flowering and fruiting of ornamental plants. The Yangtze and
Huaihe River basins enter the plum rain season, which started on June 12 and ended on July 7 this year. At this time, evenly matched cold and warm air meet in the region, resulting in frequent frontal or cyclone activities. June is the rainiest season of the year, with long periods of continuous rainfall.
The methods of family flower cultivation in June from south to north mainly include the following:
1. Flower management
1. Watering
In June, the following aspects should be noted when watering potted flowers: First, the watering time is preferably 10 am or 5 pm. Generally, watering once a day is sufficient; second, the watering temperature should be kept basically consistent with the temperature of the pot soil. If the water temperature is too different from the soil temperature, the roots and leaves of the potted flowers will be stimulated and their growth will be affected; third, watering and spraying should be combined. When it has not rained for several days, in addition to watering the pot, water should also be sprayed on the leaves and around the potted flowers to increase the humidity of the local space. If it is cloudy for a long time, watering and spraying should be decided according to the dryness and wetness of the pot soil.
Flower species that enter semi-dormant or dormant state in summer. Semi-dormant plants such as Oxalis, Geranium, Fuchsia, Clivia, Calla Lily, Begonia, etc., when the temperature reaches above 30℃, because their growth activity is very weak and their metabolic level is low, they should reduce watering and keep the pot soil moist; deep dormant species such as Cyclamen, Lycoris (class), Ranunculus, Dutch Peony, etc., show that the above-ground stems and leaves wither and the underground nutrient fibrous roots die under high temperatures, and they hibernate in the soil with underground stems or tubers over the summer. They must stop watering and move to a cool place to keep the pot soil from being too dry.
If there is continuous rainfall, the potted flowers should be fully checked after the rain stops. If there is water in the pot, it should be poured out as soon as possible, and the soil should be loosened after the pot soil is dry to avoid root rot of the plant; or before the heavy rain comes, the potted flowers should be knocked down, and the potted flowers should be straightened after the rain stops.
2. Fertilization:
For species with vigorous growth, such as Monstera, Chlorophytum, Syngonium, Bamboo Sceptre, Nephrolepis, Spring Feather, Dracaena, Aspidistra, Hulk, Red (Green) Gem, Green Emperor, Green Queen, Rubber Tree, Anthurium, Red-backed Osmanthus, Palm Bamboo, Araucaria, Brazilian Iron, Podocarpus, Pachira, Wintersweet, Rose, White Orchid, Milan, Jasmine, Pearl Orchid, Plum Blossom, Camellia, Camellia Sasanqua, Daphne, Azalea, Osmanthus fragrans, Five-color Plum, Clerodendrum thomsoniae, Shrimp Flower, Asteraceae, Lemon, Kumquat, Pomegranate, Crape Myrtle, Pyracantha, etc., apply fermented thin cake fertilizer water once every half a month. For flowering species, also apply appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to meet their growth, flowering and fruiting needs.
For those flower species that are dormant or semi-dormant, fertilization must be stopped; especially for those fleshy flower species, such as jade leaves, Christmas claws, crystal palms, cactus pens, squirrel tails, pine leaf chrysanthemums, leopard skin flowers, and sedums, when the temperature reaches 35℃ or above, fertilization must be stopped to avoid rotting.
3. Pruning and bud picking
⑴ Pruning the vigorous growing species such as elm, photinia, podocarpus, Fujian tea, cypress, cypress, bayberry, juniper, holly, holly, maple, snow willow, tamarisk, and pyracantha, the branches that affect the shape should be pruned or shortened as soon as possible, which can keep the plants in a state of clear layers and good appearance, and can promote them to produce more short branches and new buds, so as to form a perfect shape as soon as possible.
⑵ Bud picking For flowers such as Milan, jasmine, pearl orchid, and rose, the dead flowers and stems should be removed in time, and the branches that have bloomed should be appropriately cut back to promote the lower side branches or flower buds to bloom again; for flowers and trees such as white orchid, daidai, azalea, camellia, wintersweet, plum blossom, and crabapple, in order to promote them to form a good plant shape and produce more flowers, more flowers, and better flowers in the current year or the next year, those branches that grow too vigorously should be topped and buds removed to inhibit the growth of the main and side shoots and promote the germination of side buds.
4. Shading
For those flowers and trees that like shade or semi-shade in June, they must be moved under the shade shed to prevent the scorching sun from damaging the plants. Such as Hosta, Purple Calyx, Asparagus, Camellia, Camellia Sasanqua, Azalea, Orchid, Strelitzia, Orchid, Palm Bamboo, Rubber Tree, Fern, Philodendron, Syngonium, Pink Daisy Leaf, Spring Feather, Green Radish, Peperomia, Hulk, Red (Green) Gem, Green Emperor, Red Queen, Fan Palm, Daphne, Aphid, Chlorophytum, etc. Light-loving flower species must be given sufficient light, such as Pomegranate, Wisteria, Pyracantha, Crape Myrtle, Jasmine, Snow in June, Cycas, Juniperus, Peach Blossom, Plum Blossom, Wintersweet, Elm, Fujian Camellia, Acer truncatum, Photinia, Holly, Holly, Water Bayberry, Oak, Black Pine, Brocade Pine, White Orchid, Milan, Rose, Mahonia, Grape, etc.; Podocarpus, Tiger Thorn, Heavenly Bamboo, Buddha Belly Bamboo, Guanyin Bamboo, Five-needle Pine, Bamboo Cypress, etc., can be given appropriate shade.
5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
⑴ Juniperus, cypress, elm, papaya, pyracantha, podocarpus, crabapple and other species are susceptible to damage by stem-boring longhorn beetles, so poison sticks should be used to block and prevent them in time.
⑵ Chinese roses, roses, and roses are susceptible to powdery mildew and brown spot during the rainy season, so Bordeaux mixture should be sprayed as early as possible for prevention and control.
⑶ White orchids, plum blossoms, and wintersweets are susceptible to damage by aphids, so appropriate
pesticides should be used to spray them as early as possible. ⑷ The leaves of orchids are susceptible to anthracnose, so fungicides such as carbendazim should be sprayed as early as possible for prevention and control.
⑸ The tender leaves of citrus swallowtail butterfly larvae are susceptible to eating by citrus swallowtail butterfly larvae, so contact pesticides, stomach poisons and other pesticides can be sprayed to kill them.

2. Seed collection and transplanting
1. Seed collection The
grass and flower seeds that can be collected in June include: dianthus, cornflower, snapdragon, dwarf snow wheel, tall snow wheel, hollyhock, mallow, primrose, cattail flower, amaryllis (collect and sow), etc.
Flower and tree seeds that can be collected in June: After the wintersweet seeds are collected, if the conditions of the nursery do not allow, the removed seeds can be stored dry until the spring of the next year and then sowed, which will not affect its germination rate; peach, apricot, etc. should be sown as soon as they are collected, or their seeds should be stored in sand until the cracks germinate before sowing; the osmanthus seeds collected in June should be washed after the fleshy peel is removed, and stored in wet sand to promote the embryo to mature, and then sow in the nursery when they germinate.
2. Transplanting and potting
In June, a considerable number of grass flowers need to be transplanted or potted, including evening primrose, butterfly flower, impatiens, Guinea impatiens, primrose, ornamental pepper, winter coral, red tobacco, petunia, marigold, cosmos, zinnia, globe amaranth, saffron, dragon mouth flower, scoparia, sulphureus, cockscomb, red and green grass, etc.
In summer, some large flowers and trees are no longer transplanted to avoid affecting their survival rate and growth after transplantation. However, for some small flowering shrubs, such as golden plate, broad-leaved Mahonia, Mahonia, Hypericum, gardenia, golden-edged privet, red-leaved barberry, and boxwood, under special circumstances, it is okay to transplant with the bulb, just as the old saying goes: "Don't let the tree know if it is not transplanted all the time", but after transplanting, water spraying and sunshade management should be strengthened.
3. Bonsai modeling
Plants that can be modeled in June are mainly some woody ornamental plants with strong adaptability and resistance to twisting and tying, and they must be plants that are potted and hardened in early spring or planted in the ground. They are: Podocarpus, Winter jasmine, Elaeagnus, Pinus armandii, Cypress, Juniperus, Holly, Holly, Lycium barbarum, Pinus chinensis, Malus chinensis, Malus chinensis, Plum blossom, Peach, Acer truncatum, Snow in June, Black pine, Boxwood, Elm, Tamarix, Bayberry, Cypress, Ginkgo, Salix babylonica, Pyracantha, etc. Modeling in June must be done carefully, with gentle twisting and slow tying, and must not be done too hastily or with excessive force.
The solar terms in June: Grain in Ear on June 5; Summer Solstice on June 21.
4. Flower propagation
1. Sowing
The types of flowers and trees that can be sown in June are: Primrose, Lotus Seed, Cycas, Loquat, Wintersweet, etc. For wintersweets, when the pot-shaped fruit capsules on the fruiting mother tree turn from green to yellow, and then from yellow to brown, and the seeds inside are brown, they can be picked; peel the fruit capsules in time, take out the seeds, soak them in cold water for 24 to 36 hours, and bury them in clean wet sand to germinate after the seeds absorb enough water and swell. After about 2 weeks, the seeds will crack and turn white, and then dig trenches for sowing; the thickness of the covering soil is generally 2 cm to 3 cm, and straw is added to keep moisture. After most of the cotyledons of the seeds emerge from the soil, remove the covering straw 2 to 3 times, and build a shed in time to shade them.
2. Cuttings
In summer, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, and the cambium in the branches of flowers and trees is active, which is the best time to propagate flowers and trees by cuttings. There are two major categories of flowers and trees suitable for softwood cuttings in summer. One type is species that are difficult to root or have a slow rooting speed, such as osmanthus, camellia, Michelia, holly, holly, lilac, purple magnolia, crabapple, snowball, viburnum, coral tree, erythrina, Belgian azalea, Buddha belly bamboo (with aerial roots), rubber tree, metasequoia, pond cypress, baldcypress, etc.; the other type is species that are relatively easy to root, such as boxwood, rose, pyracantha, bell, jasmine, jasmine, June snow, pomegranate, hibiscus, broom, jasmine, Li, Zhulan, Longyezhu, Wusemei, Deutzia, Bougainvillea, Buddha's hand, lemon, Podocarpus, Nandina domestica, Trumpet creeper, Red-backed laurel, honeysuckle, hibiscus, Cordyceps sinensis, Hypericum, Hypericum, Golden willow, Dragon claw willow, banyan, Brazilian iron, cinnabar root, knotwood, Croton, Deutzia, mountain plum, crape myrtle, sea daffodil, weigela, hemp leaf hydrangea, peach tree coral, Schefflera, ten great works, golden plate, spray snowflake, hydrangea, poinsettia, etc. It also includes a large number of other grass flowers, such as five-clawed golden dragon, ground brocade, nasturtium, qinque, Qianqiu tea, perfume grass, dry umbrella grass, geranium, coleus, begonia, pansy, globe amaranth, 100-day amaranth, cosmos, marigold, sulfur chrysanthemum, etc.
Take the fully enclosed moisturizing cuttings of camellia and osmanthus as an example: the cutting time is from early June to mid-July, when the young branches of osmanthus and camellia are semi-lignified, which is the most ideal; the substrate can be loess, sandy loam or vermiculite; the cuttings are new shoots of the current year, 10 cm to 15 cm long, with only 2 to 3 leaves at the end retained, and the lower incision is dipped in 500 mg/kg 1#ABT rooting powder or naphthaleneacetic acid solution for 10 seconds, and inserted into the seedbed after drying slightly; the depth of the cuttings into the soil is 1/2 to 2/3 of the ear length, and the row spacing is 2 cm × 8 cm. After watering thoroughly, set up a bamboo bow on the seedbed, then cover it with plastic film, press it tightly with mud on all sides, build a double-layer shade shed to shade, keep the bed moist, control the temperature in the film at around 30°C, and maintain the humidity above 90%. Generally, the cuttings can take root in large quantities after one month.
3. Grafting
Grafting, using potted seedlings of wintersweet as rootstocks, grafting fine varieties of wintersweet; using potted purple magnolia and white magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, grafting white magnolia and Michelia, etc. Bud grafting, using wild rose seedlings as rootstocks, grafting fine rose varieties; using one-year seedlings of apricot, peach, plum, etc. as rootstocks, bud grafting to breed longevity peach, peach, purple leaf plum, red leaf peach, plum, plum, elm leaf plum, etc.; using 1 to 2-year-old green maple seedlings as rootstocks, grafting to breed red maple, feather maple, red maple, etc. Branch grafting, using oil tea, red flower oil tea or single petal seedlings of camellia as rootstocks, branch grafting camellia and camellia; using "Purple Butterfly" and "Jade Butterfly" of hairy azalea as rootstocks, cleft grafting or belly grafting of Belgian azalea or western azalea.
4. Layering
The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering in June include: azalea, honeysuckle, hydrangea, snowball flower, viburnum, weigela, oleander, osmanthus, camellia, plum blossom, wintersweet, lilac, gardenia, red maple, Milan, pearl orchid, jasmine, white orchid, etc.
5. Division
The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by division in June include: kidney fern, calla lily (after flowering), Buddha belly bamboo, cyperus, purple back dieffenbachia, bromeliads, Haworthia, Aspidistra, Chlorophytum, Calamus, Phnom Penh Ophiopogon japonicus, etc.

July Flower Guide

Weather characteristics in July: On July 7, the plum rain weather ended in the Jianghuai region. The dog days began on July 16 and ended on August 15, and most parts of the country entered the hottest period of the year. The average monthly temperature in July in most areas is above 24℃, and the area south of the Jianghuai region is 28℃. Only the northern part of the Northeast and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has an average temperature below 20℃ in July. The management of flowers in July mainly includes the following:
1. Flower propagation
1. Sowing
The grass flowers that can be sown in July are: cineraria, four-season primrose, kale, bellflower, etc. When sowing, attention should be paid to moisturizing, shading, and increasing ventilation and light transmission.
In July, you can also pick ripe plums, peaches, mountain peaches, elm-leaf plums and other fruits, wash off the pulp, and then dig trenches for sowing, or store the washed drupes with wet sand until they crack before sowing; Winter plum seeds can be sown as soon as they are picked, or the seeds that have escaped from the fruit capsules can be stored dry until sowing in the next spring, which will not affect their germination rate.
2.
The types of grass flowers suitable for cutting propagation in July include: Scutellaria barbata, Begonia, Coleus, Pilea, Salvia, Marigold, Marigold, Globe amaranth, Geranium, Glehnia littoralis, Lythrum salicina, Umbelliferae, Ivy, Coral Flower, Peperomia, Kylin Leaf, Fireweed, Flos Ampelopsis, and Epipremnum aureum.
The woody flower species suitable for cutting propagation in July include: red-backed laurel, Nandina domestica, poinsettia, tiger thorn plum, Hypericum, Hypericum, sea daffodil, hydrangea, hydrangea, hemp leaf hydrangea, spray snowflake, daphne, gardenia, knot incense, angel flower, bougainvillea, Milan, jasmine, pearl orchid, Schefflera, Mahonia, pomegranate, crape myrtle, hibiscus, pyracantha, cordyline, hibiscus, June snow, Michelia, coral tree, rubber tree, viburnum, Tianmu viburnum, boxwood, Yuanhua fruit, purple magnolia, osmanthus, azalea, camellia, sasanqua, dragon claw willow, golden willow, etc. Amaryllis can also be cut by scales.
In addition, some flowers and trees can be propagated by water cutting in July. They are: gardenia, oleander, rose, jasmine, pearl orchid, fig, pomegranate, fuchsia, crape myrtle, hibiscus, etc. To propagate flowers and trees by water cutting, first, you need to prepare a 1 cm to 2 cm thick foam plastic board, which can be used as a fixing material for cuttings after perforation; second, the water used for cuttings must be kept clean, and a few pieces of charcoal can be added for anti-corrosion.
3. For grafting
, one-year-old mountain peach and hairy peach seedlings can be used as rootstocks, and bud grafting can be used to propagate peach, longevity peach, red leaf peach, plum, elm leaf plum, red leaf plum, beauty plum, etc.; wild rose, pink rose, and "Ten Sisters" cuttings can be used as rootstocks, and varieties of roses, cut roses, and roses can be propagated by bud grafting; potted purple magnolia and white magnolia seedlings can be used as rootstocks, and white orchids and Michelia can be propagated by grafting; potted 2-year-old wax plum seedlings can be used as rootstocks, and excellent varieties of wax plum can be propagated by grafting; 2-year-old wax plum seedlings can also be used as rootstocks, and tender branches can be grafted in bags to keep them moist. Method: Grafting is done at 3 to 4 cm from the ground, and it can be judged whether it survives after 7 to 10 days; "Purple Butterfly" and "Jade Butterfly" of the Rhododendron are used as rootstocks, and Belgian Rhododendron or Western Rhododendron are propagated by cleft grafting or belly grafting; cherry seedlings are used as rootstocks, and bud grafting is used to propagate excellent varieties of cherry blossoms; the seedlings of the year of Vitex, Hubei Begonia or Weeping Begonia, and Begonia are used as rootstocks, and "T"-shaped bud grafting is used to propagate excellent varieties of Begonia; the seedlings of Acer palmatum are used as rootstocks, and bag grafting is used to propagate seedlings such as red maple and feather maple.
4. Layering
The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering in July include: Milan (high pressure), wintersweet, honeysuckle, hydrangea, trumpet creeper, viburnum, oleander, weigela, broom, osmanthus, gardenia, purple magnolia, jasmine, pearl orchid, climbing rose, winter jasmine, etc.
5. Division
The types of ornamental plants that can be divided in July include: Hosta, Purple Calyx, Calamus, Umbrella, Aspidistra, Dieffenbachia, Bromeliad, Haworthia, Chlorophytum, Ophiopogon, Lucky Grass, Allium, Nephrolepis, Iris, Prunus dasyphylla, etc.
2. Seed collection and transplanting
1. Seed collection
The grass and flower seeds that can be collected in July include: Hollyhock, Mallow, Morning Glory, Gypsophila, Petunia, Phlox, Foxglove, Snake Eye Daisy, Sweet Pea, Daisy, Delphinium, Pansy, Mesembryanthemum, etc.
The flower and tree seeds that can be collected in July include: Wintersweet, Plum, Peach, Peach, Prunus mume, etc.
2. Transplanting and potting
July is the main time period for displaying grass and flowers during the National Day. The grass and flowers transplanted in pots at this time can be sowing seedlings or cutting seedlings. After 3 months of careful maintenance, they will bloom during the National Day and be used as holiday decorations. They are mainly: Salvia, Early Chrysanthemum, Globe Amaranth, Small Lily, Guinea Balsam, Dragon Mouth Flower, Marigold, Maidenhair, Kochia, Asters, Sulfur Daisy, Cockscomb, etc.
Trees are generally not transplanted in July, but in some special cases, it is feasible to transplant some flowering shrubs with soil balls, such as Mahonia, Hypericum, Ligustrum lucidum, Berberis, Peach Leaf Coral, and Longcypress Ball, etc. However, targeted pruning should be carried out, sheds should be built in time for shade, and the number of watering should be increased. After they are basically alive, they can be transferred to normal management. Don't be careless.
3. Flower Management
1. Watering:
Flower species that enter a semi-dormant state at high temperatures, such as red-flowered Oxalis, geraniums, fuchsias, Clivia, calla lilies, begonias, sedums, kalanchoe, cacti, crystal palms, large-flowered rhinoceros, jade beads, large crescent moons, daphne, Schlumbergera, purslane trees, aloe vera, etc., have their growth activities basically stopped due to the high temperature, and their metabolic levels are very low. Watering should be reduced, the pot soil should be kept moist, and attention should be paid to shade and ventilation to create a relatively cool environment for them. Excessive watering can easily lead to root rot of the plant, and will also seriously affect its recovery growth after autumn.
Flower species that enter a deep dormant state at high temperatures, such as cyclamen, amaryllis, ranunculus, peonies, etc., will be manifested in July as the withering of the aboveground stems and leaves, the death of the underground nutrient fibrous roots, and dormancy in the soil with underground stems or tubers over the summer. For flowers in deep dormancy, stop watering, move them to a cool place, and keep the pot soil not too dry.
For flowers with vigorous growth, especially foliage plants, such as cycads, Aspidistra, Monstera, rubber trees, white orchids, jasmine, Milan, pearl orchids, Araucaria, arrowroots, syngoniums, red (green) gems, Hulk, Green Emperor, Green Queen, Pink Dai, Brazilian iron, fortune tree, camellia, Camellia sasanqua, peach leaf coral, torch fruit, daidai, lemon, Podocarpus, pomegranate, Bauhinia, Wisteria, roses, etc., not only should the amount of watering and the number of watering be increased, but also appropriate foliar spraying should be given, combining spraying and watering. Especially when encountering continuous cloudy days, due to the high temperature and dry air, watering and spraying should also be given, and must not be neglected. Once the pot soil is found to be too dry and the leaves are wilting, spray water on the leaves first, wait for the leaves to recover, and then water the roots. Do not water the roots violently, otherwise it is very easy to cause the "green leaves" of woody flowers to fall, or cause the rot of the plant's nutrient fibrous roots, or even cause the death of the plant.
For potted plum stakes, since July to August is the period of flower bud differentiation, appropriate "water reduction" should be given to promote the normal differentiation of flower buds. The method is: keep the leaves of the potted plants slightly curled inward on both sides to control the nutrient growth; if the nutrient growth of the branches cannot be controlled, when the second new shoots pull out 2 to 3 leaves, only keep one leaf at the base and then pinch it off, and flower buds can still differentiate in the axils of this leaf.
In July, watering potted flowers should avoid a few hours before and after noon. It is better to water before 10 am and after 4 pm to avoid a large difference between the water temperature and the soil temperature, which will affect the growth of potted ornamental plants. If there is continuous rainfall this month, you should check the flower pots in time after the rain. If you find water in the flower pots, pour it out in time. After the pot soil is slightly dry, add loose soil again to avoid root rot of potted plants.
2. Fertilization
There are four major categories of ornamental plants that should strengthen fertilization management in July. The first is the species with a particularly long flowering period, from spring and summer to autumn, such as magnolia, rose, Milan, jasmine, etc.; the second is the species that bloom in autumn, such as chrysanthemum, osmanthus, hibiscus, etc.; the third is the species for viewing flowers and fruits in winter, such as daidai, Tianzhu, wintersweet, azalea, etc.; the fourth is foliage plants, such as palm bamboo, monstera, spring feather, rubber tree, etc. Types of fertilizers: For the first three types, in addition to the necessary nitrogen fertilizers, appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to meet the comprehensive needs of the plants for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and to provide sufficient nutrition for their budding, flowering and fruiting; for foliage plants, dilute cake fertilizer liquid or urea liquid should be used as the main fertilizer. Fertilization method: dilute liquid fertilizer is better.
The grass flowers that should be fertilized in July include: red safflower (white, purple, pink), cockscomb, aster, hibiscus, amaranth, chrysanthemum, black heart chrysanthemum, petunia, golden bud flower, shrimp flower, Jianlan, marigold, purple jasmine, dragon mouth flower, etc. Woody flowers include: crape myrtle, pomegranate, poinsettia, Michelia, osmanthus, camellia, camellia sasanqua, hibiscus, jasmine, white orchid, Milan, tuberose, rose, crabapple, mandarin duck jasmine, bougainvillea, azalea, pearl orchid, wintersweet, hibiscus, hibiscus, etc. There are many types of foliage plants, such as bromeliads, Brazilian iron, bamboo palm, Araucaria, Syngonium, arrowroot, Hulk, ruby, cycad, rubber tree, monstera, cordyline, etc.
In July, fertilization must be stopped for ornamental plants that are in a dormant or semi-dormant state, especially for those fleshy ornamental plants, such as sedum, cactus, cycad, cycad, etc., to prevent plant rot.
3. Pruning and bud picking
Ornamental plants that can be topped and bud picked in summer must be some types with vigorous growth, strong germination ability and tolerance to pruning. Pinching means directly picking the young and tender top buds with your fingers. The bonsai plants suitable for pinching are mainly: Elm, Photinia, Red Phoebe, Silk Cotton Tree, Boxwood, Wintersweet, Pyracantha, Podocarpus, Tamarix, Elaeagnus, Bayberry, Vitex, Admiralty, Hackberry, Camellia sinensis, Banyan, Fraxinus chinensis, Acer truncatum, Crape Myrtle, Snowflake, Osmanthus fragrans, etc. Pruning refers to using scissors to trim off part of the new shoots to promote the germination of the lower lateral buds and form a beautiful crown or tree shape. The bonsai plant species suitable for pruning are mostly woody ornamental plants that are not convenient to pinch with fingers, such as Juniper, Platycladus orientalis, Juniperus, Ground cedar, Oak, Cat's thorn, and Juniperus chinensis.
For potted flowers that continue to bloom for a long time, such as Milan, rose, jasmine, pearl orchid, etc., the withered flowers and stems should be removed in time, and the branches that have bloomed should be cut back as necessary, which can promote the germination of the lower lateral buds and flowering again. For azalea, camellia, camellia, crabapple, wintersweet, plum blossom, etc., the long branches that protrude from the crown should also be cut back to form a better crown shape.
4. Shade
July is the month with the strongest sunlight and the highest temperature in the year. Special attention should be paid to shade management for potted ornamental plants.
For those ornamental plants that like shade or semi-shade, they must be moved under the shade shed to avoid being exposed to the sun and causing damage to the plants. Such as ferns, hostas, purple calyx, monstera, camellia, camellia sasanqua, azalea, pearl orchid, strelitzia, orchids, bamboo palms, rubber trees, red (green) gems, spring feathers, pink daisy leaves, green radish, pepper grass, cyperus, bamboo plum, Brazilian iron, unicorn leaf, pineapple, arrowroot, lucky grass, etc.
For light-loving species, sufficient light can be given, such as pomegranate, wisteria, crape myrtle, pyracantha, jasmine, snow in June, cycads, juniper, cypress, peach blossom, plum blossom, wintersweet, elm, photinia, maple, black pine, bayberry, oak, pine, white orchid, Milan, rose, etc. And for Podocarpus, bamboo cypress, Michelia, tiger thorn, cloud bamboo, Guanyin bamboo, five-needle pine, etc., it is necessary to give appropriate shade.
For small, miniature, and shallow potted bonsai, due to the high temperature and dry air this month, in addition to providing necessary shade, the flower pots must be buried in wet sand, which can reduce evaporation on the surface of the pot soil and protect the plant's nutrient fibrous roots.
5. Flowers in air-conditioned rooms
In air-conditioned rooms, you should choose flowers with a higher degree of leatheriness in the leaves, or a thicker cuticle on the leaves, slightly resistant to dry environments, and stronger resistance, such as rubber trees, golden plates, Mahonia, cycads, Araucaria, golden sunflowers, fan palms, palm bamboos, Canary date palms, bromeliads, spring feathers, monster bamboo, Schefflera, aphids, peach leaf corals, etc., but not kidney ferns, coleus, Hulk, and syngoniums. In addition, in management, you should pay attention to the combination of watering and spraying, and stay away from the air outlet of the air conditioner to prevent the wind from directly blowing the plants, causing the tips of their leaves to dry and burn.
6. Disease and Pest Control
⑴ When the new buds of orchids unfold their leaves in July, the leaf tips are easily infected with anthracnose, which gradually spreads to the whole plant. In severe cases, the plant will wither and die. This disease may occur all year round. Poor ventilation, high temperature and humidity, and continuous rain are more conducive to the reproduction and spread of pathogens. Ventilation should be strengthened, and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times solution or 500 times solution of sterilization pill should be sprayed during the disease period for prevention and control.
⑵ When reddish-brown sawdust-like insect feces appear on the stumps or trunks of plum blossoms, peach blossoms, crabapples, red-leaf plums, cherry blossoms, and elm-leaf plums, most of them are caused by the larvae of peach-necked longhorn beetles. Manual killing, injection of systemic pesticides, plugging of poison sticks, and soil burial of furadan can be used for prevention and control, which can effectively kill the larvae in the trunk. Note that when injecting pesticides, do not use dimethoate, oxydemeton, etc. to prevent pesticide damage.
⑶ In July, timely control should be carried out on boxwood borers that harm boxwood, boxwood tongue, boxwood with pointed leaves, and boxwood with pearls. When the insect is seriously infected, all leaves can be eaten. Once found, pesticides such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, or cypermethrin can be sprayed in time. If a certain pesticide has been used for a long time and has caused resistance, a new type of pesticide can be replaced.
⑷ In July, citrus swallowtail butterfly larvae will continue to appear in some areas to harm the leaves of new shoots of daidai, kumquat, golden bean, bergamot, lemon, fragrant round, and rue. Stomach poison pesticides should be sprayed in time to kill them.
⑸ The wax moth that harms Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum microphylla, waxwood, and ash trees will be in its eclosion period from late July to late August. It is necessary to choose the right time to spray pesticides such as Supusha to prevent the wax moth from causing harm again next year.
⑹ Japanese wax scale is the main pest that harms large-leaf boxwood, French plane, pittosporum, camellia, red-leaf plum, cedar, etc. In severe cases, the insect body is often covered with branches and leaves. In early July, the nymphs are in the peak period of hatching, and pesticides such as dimethoate and supura can be sprayed in time for prevention and control.
4. Bonsai modeling
In July, due to the high temperature and low air humidity, the plants are in a period of vigorous growth. The branches are easily infected with bacteria after being damaged and difficult to heal and recover. Most tree stumps are no longer suitable for coiling and tying. Some plant species with strong adaptability and resistance to coiling and tying can still be shaped, and the requirements are that they are potted or planted in the spring. They are: winter jasmine, ginkgo, podocarpus, arborvitae, cypress, June snow, black pine, melon seed boxwood, bayberry, etc.
In July, the plant modeling should be careful and careful, light coiling and slow tying, and slow strength should be applied. Do not operate hastily or use too much force, otherwise it is easy to cause the branches and trunks of the plants to break, endangering their survival.
The solar terms in July: Lesser Heat on July 7; Greater Heat on July 22.

August Flower Guide

Weather characteristics in August: The dormant period ends on August 15, and the end of summer heat begins on August 23, which means that the summer heat ends here, and the temperature in most areas gradually drops from then on. Although the temperature in August is lower than that in July, it is much higher than the average temperature in June, and it is the second highest average monthly temperature in the year. As far as the whole country is concerned, the precipitation in August is less than that in the plum rain season, and it is a hot and dry month, which poses a great threat to a considerable number of foliage plants, especially to flower species that prefer a cool and humid environment. Therefore, the management of flower fertilization, watering, shading, etc. should not be taken lightly. The management of flowers in August mainly includes the following contents.

1. Flower propagation

1. Sowing

The grass and flower species that can be sown and propagated in August include: gypsophila, lupine, petunia, snapdragon, echinacea, red-flowered oxalis, bellflower, foxglove, columbine, yarrow, nasturtium, pyrethrum, delphinium, and scissorium.

The greenhouse flower species that can be sown in August mainly include: calendula, gloxinia, cyclamen, cineraria, moth and butterfly flower, four-season primrose, four-season begonia, and marigold (for potted plants).

The woody flowers that can be sown in August include peony, elm leaf plum, red-flowered camellia, etc. The seeds can be sown as soon as they are harvested, or the seeds can be stored in the sand until they germinate and then sown in the field; the pomegranate fruits can be threshed after harvesting, and the fleshy layer outside the seeds can be removed by scrubbing and washing, and the seeds can be stored in the sand until they germinate and then sown.

2. Cuttings

Using half fine sand and half rice husk ash as cutting medium, the woody flower species that can be propagated by heat preservation cuttings include: Pyracantha, Mahonia, Michelia, Bougainvillea, Erythrina, Sajin peach leaf coral, French holly, Viburnum, Hibiscus, Lantern, Jasmine, Pearl Orchid, Rubber Tree, Podocarpus, Schefflera, Cordyceps, Daphne, Hydrangea, Milan, etc. The flower and tree species that can be propagated by cuttings in general sandy loam seedbeds include: Boxwood, Magnolia, Pomegranate, Hibiscus, Spiraea, Spray Snow, French holly, Parthenocissus, Ligustrum, Red Leaf Berberis, Tianzhu, Fig, Oleander, Crape Myrtle, Snow in June, Admiralty, etc. The full light spray method is used to propagate a large number of cuttings of Metasequoia, Pool Cypress, Baldcypress, etc.

Using sandy loam as a seedbed, you can continue to propagate Salvia (purple, white, pink), Globe amaranth (white), marigold, cosmos, sulphur daisy, etc. by cuttings. After they take root, they can be potted and used as street flowers from October to November.

3. Grafting

In August, purple magnolia or white magnolia seedlings are used as rootstocks, and bud grafting can be used to propagate excellent varieties of white magnolia and two-tree magnolia; using the current year's seedlings of hairy peach as the rootstock, blade bud grafting can be used to propagate peach, purple leaf peach, red leaf plum, longevity peach, beauty plum, plum blossom, elm leaf plum, etc.; using cherry seedlings as the rootstock, bud grafting can be used to propagate Japanese cherry blossoms, etc.; using hairy peach and mountain apricot as the rootstock, bud grafting can be used to propagate double-petaled plum seedlings; using wild rose cuttings as the rootstock, bud grafting can be used to propagate rose varieties; using the current year's seedlings of mountain thorn and Hubei crabapple as the rootstock, bud grafting can be used to propagate crabapple, weeping crabapple, crabapple flower, etc.; using green maple as the rootstock, red maple, feather maple, etc. can be grafted with crown grafting.

4. Layering

The ornamental plants that can be propagated by layering in August include: honeysuckle, trumpet creeper, weigela, hydrangea, oleander, viburnum, broom, forsythia, golden bell, gardenia, osmanthus, purple magnolia, jasmine, pearl orchid, climbing rose, etc.

5. Division

The ornamental plants that can be propagated by division in August include: lucky grass, hosta, purple calyx, iris, red flower sorrel, delphinium, dieffenbachia, Guangdong dieffenbachia, platycodon, Dutch chrysanthemum, calamus, water tower orchid, bromeliad, spider orchid, kidney fern, zelan, pyrethrum, nandina domestica, goldenrod, onion orchid, daylily, etc.

The flower types that can be divided into small balls in August include: amaryllis, calla lily, freesia, calla lily, etc.

2. Seed collection and transplanting

1. Seed collection

The types of grass flowers that can collect seeds in August include: straw daisy, morning glory, barbata, mirabilis, alpine snow, cosmos, phlox, snake eye daisy, sweet pea, californica, pine needle daisy, etc.; the seeds of perennial herbaceous flowers such as peony mature from August to September. When they are ripe, the fruits crack and reveal black spherical seeds. They can be sown immediately after being harvested, or the harvested seeds can be cut or stored in wet sand until they germinate before sowing.

The types of woody flowers that can collect seeds in August include: peony, pomegranate, plum, safflower oil tea, etc.

2. Transplantation and planting

In August, trees are generally not transplanted; small shrubs, such as Ligustrum lucidum, Platycladus orientalis, Cypress, Cypress, Berberis rubrum, Ligustrum lucidum, Boxwood, Hypericum, Coralleaf, and Holly, can be transplanted with a larger soil ball after intensive pruning, but they must be carefully watered, sprayed, and shaded after transplanting, and general management methods can be used after they recover. Otherwise, it is easy to cause the death of the transplanted flowers and shrubs.

To decorate the flower beds or street green spaces during the National Day, potted marigolds, cosmos, Globe amaranth, cockscomb, etc. can be removed from the pots and transplanted; or the seedlings can be transplanted from the cutting seedling bed with the soil to the street green space, and the water and fertilizer management after transplanting should be strengthened to ensure that they can bloom in time during the National Day.

3. Flower Management

1. Watering

In August, the freezing temperature is still very high, so watering management must not be neglected. The watering frequency is different. For general foliage plants that like moisture, water them once in the morning and afternoon, and combine them with spraying; for most potted flowers or bonsai, water them once a day, combining watering with spraying. The watering time should avoid around noon, and it is best to water between 9 and 10 in the morning, and after 4 in the afternoon, so that the water temperature and soil temperature can be basically the same; for some ornamental plant species that like acidity, add an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate to the water for irrigation, and the concentration should not exceed 0.1%.

In August, for potted flower species in dormancy and semi-dormancy, watering and spraying still need to be controlled to keep the pot soil moist; if the temperature is too high and the air is dry, water should be sprayed around the potted flowers to increase humidity and reduce temperature.

Around August, there are some foliage plants that should only be watered but not sprayed. They are ornamental plants with dense hairs on the leaves. Because water drops or sewage on the leaves are not easy to evaporate, they often cause leaf rot, such as cattails, gloxinia, African violets, etc. In addition, the leaf buds of Gerbera (African daisy) and the pseudobulbs in the center of the Clivia leaf clusters are also afraid of watering. Once sewage accumulates, the heart of the plant will rot.

For pineapple-like foliage plants, in addition to keeping the pot soil moist, the leaf tubes should also be filled with water frequently. This will be beneficial to the growth of pineapple plants, because the root system of this type of plant is not well developed and does not absorb much water. The water stored in the leaf tube can supply water to the plant and increase the humidity of the local space.

2. Fertilization

August is the period of vigorous growth for most flowers. In addition to ensuring the water supply, fertilization management is also crucial. Different types and concentrations of fertilizers should be applied according to the habits of different flower species. For foliage plants, such as Monstera, Spring Feather, Palm Bamboo, Red (Green) Gem, Araucaria, Golden Sunflower, Fishtail Palm, Fan Palm, Green Ivy, Brazilian Iron, and Money Tree, you can apply low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer liquid; for roses with long flowering periods and continuous flowering, jasmine, pearl orchid, hibiscus, crape myrtle, pomegranate, Milan, Osmanthus fragrans, bougainvillea, etc., as well as fruit-viewing plants such as daidai, Tianzhu, kumquat, golden bean, lemon, bergamot, pomegranate, pyracantha, and papaya, you can apply low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer liquid. In addition to nitrogen fertilizer, an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and heavy superphosphate. For ground-planted flowers or potted flowers used for festival decoration in October, such as saffron, amaranth, zinnia, early chrysanthemum, marigold, cosmos, dragon mouth flower, aster, cockscomb, sunflower, etc., it is necessary to strengthen fertilization management. Thin fertilizers can be applied once every ten days to accelerate the rapid growth of plants and ensure that they can enter the peak flowering period before and after the festival. For flower species that are in the process of flower bud differentiation or have completed flower bud differentiation in August, such as camellia, camellia sasanqua, osmanthus, plum blossom, wintersweet, azalea, etc., it is necessary to appropriately apply compound fertilizers with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For some flower species that like acidic soil, such as camellia, azalea, plum, daisy, bamboo, Milan, white orchid, daylily, etc., an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate can be added to the fertilizer solution to meet the needs of the plants for an acidic soil and fertilizer environment. It is worth noting that when applying organic fertilizer solution, it is best not to let the fertilizer droplets adhere to the leaves to avoid causing the leaves to become sick and rot. To prevent accidents, you can spray the leaves with water once in time after fertilization to wash away the fertilizer droplets that may adhere to the leaves.

In August, for flower species that are still dormant or semi-dormant, such as Clivia, Begonia, Begonia, Calla Lily, Cyclamen, Daphne, Schlumbergera, Sedum, Oxalis triangularis, etc., all forms of topdressing should be stopped, otherwise it is very easy to cause the root rot of the plant, or even the death of the whole plant. It is necessary to wait until autumn, when the plant resumes growth, to give topdressing.

3. Pruning and pinching

Pruning of grass and flowers. For ground-planted grass and flowers or potted grass and flowers used to decorate street green spaces during the National Day, such as Amaranthus, Globe amaranth, cosmos, marigold, and Longkou flower, they should be topped and pinched to promote the growth of the lower side shoots, so that they can form a relatively full plant shape and increase the flowering of the plant.

Pruning of woody flowers. For species that can bloom for a long time, such as roses, Milan, pearl orchids, pomegranates, crape myrtles, jasmine, climbing roses, etc., the dead flowers and stems that have bloomed should be removed in time, and the branches that have bloomed should be strongly cut back, so as to promote the growth of the lower side branches and continuous and uninterrupted flowering.

Bonsai pruning. For bonsai plant species that grow vigorously in summer and have strong adaptability, such as June snow, Fujian tea, triangle maple, elm, photinia, oak, white wax, small-leaved privet, bayberry, holly, holly, tortoise shell holly, weeping euonymus, pyracantha, etc., you can continue to pinch or prune in August, so as to form a full crown and beautiful branches and leaves as soon as possible, so that it can be formed in advance for display or sale.

Hedge and ball pruning. August is the period of vigorous growth for most ornamental plants. For ornamental plants used as hedges and green walls, such as Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum foetida, boxwood, boxwood tongue, boxwood, cypress, alpinia pyrifera, and holly, they can continue to be pruned, which can promote the formation of hedges and green walls as early as possible; for ornamental plants that are often pruned into balls in garden greening, such as boxwood, boxwood, golden-edged boxwood, golden-heart boxwood, silver-edged boxwood, silver-heart boxwood, bayberry, heather, cypress, cypress, pyracantha, pittosporum, bell, snowflake, holly, holly, etc., they must also continue to be pruned, which can accelerate the formation of better commercial balls or ornamental balls.

4. Shading

In August, when the temperature is high and the heat is still strong, the shading management of potted plants is still very important and must not be careless.

For foliage plants that like shade, such as Monstera, Rubber Tree, Hulk, Syngonium, Arrowroot, Bamboo Plum, Red (Green) Gem, Brown Bamboo, Green Ivy, Green Emperor, Silver Queen, Orchidaceae, Pink Daisy, Pepper Grass, Hydrangea, Water Group Flower, Nephrolepis, Saxifraga, Buddha Belly Bamboo, Phoenix Tail Bamboo, Lucky Grass, Phnom Penh Ophiopogon, Chlorophytum, Asparagus, Hosta, Purple Calyx, Begonia, Kylin Leaf, etc., shade is required for 6 to 7 hours a day, and the sunshade net is usually pulled up at 9 am and removed after 4 pm.

For light-loving flower and tree species, Phoenix must be given enough light. Such as elm, photinia, maple, cycad, rose, pomegranate, Milan, jasmine, crape myrtle, black pine, brocade pine, silk cotton wood, bayberry, holly, holly, juniper, cypress, etc. If the light is insufficient, it will not only affect its growth, but also cause its shape to change, and even infect some diseases and insect pests.

For some flowers and trees that like semi-shade, appropriate light can be given. For example, five-needle pine, Podocarpus, Michelia, Tiger Thorn, Red Nan, Cypress, Bamboo Cypress, Epiphyllum, Nandina domestica, Azalea, Camellia, Camellia, Buddha's Hand, Kumquat, Toddy, etc., shade can be given around noon every day, which will be conducive to their growth.

For small and miniature bonsai in shallow pots, they must be buried in the sand bed and given good shade to avoid damage to the plant nutrient roots distributed on the surface of the pot soil and around the pot wall due to high temperature or sun exposure, which may lead to plant death.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insects

⑴ For the locust moth, rose bridge worm, leaf roller, looper, tea bag moth, rose sawfly, etc. that eat rose leaves, they may cause collective damage by a single species or several species together. In severe cases, all the leaves of the rose will be eaten. When the larvae cause damage, 90% trichlorfon crystals, 10% cypermethrin, or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate can be used to prepare 1000 to 1500 times of liquid for spraying, and alternately used, and the insecticidal effect is better.

⑵ For scale insects that seriously harm various flowers and trees such as cedar, Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, Pittosporum tobira, osmanthus, crape myrtle, heather, camellia, and sycamore trees around August, 40% of Supusha 1000 to 1500 times diluted can be sprayed, and the insecticidal effect is significant, but attention should be paid to safety protection when using the medicine.

⑶ For the damage caused by the stem borer of the peach-necked longhorn beetle that appears in red-leaf plum, plum pile, peach, elm-leaf plum, and crabapple, it can be prevented and controlled by inserting poison sticks and injecting pesticides.

⑷ For the boxwood silk borer that eats boxwood, 10% of cypermethrin 1000 times diluted can be sprayed.

⑸ In August, chrysanthemums are prone to spot disease and anthracnose. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased leaves can be removed, and then 75% chlorothalonil and 50% mancozeb are used at 600 to 800 times dilution, and they are used alternately, sprayed once every 10 days, and sprayed continuously for 3 to 4 times, which has a good control effect.

IV. Bonsai modeling

The temperature is high in August, and plants grow vigorously. Ornamental plants are easily infected with bacteria after the trunks and branches are damaged, and the wounds are not easy to heal. Most tree stumps are not suitable for twisting and shaping; only those plant species with strong adaptability, good branch toughness, and resistance to twisting can be used for twisting and shaping, and they must be ground-planted seedlings or plants potted last winter and this spring. They are winter jasmine, golden bell, ginkgo, black pine, golden sparrow, podocarpus, cypress, velvet cypress, cypress, boxwood, snow in June, bayberry, euonymus, Australian fir, banyan, tamarisk, etc.

August is a good season for processing and making landscape bonsai, but when decorating plants on rocks, you should pay attention to the following points: First, you should choose species that are suitable for decorating rocks, have strong resistance and are easy to survive; second, the plants should have a relatively intact root system and have unloose soil; third, after the decoration is completed, it should be moved under the shade for maintenance for a period of time; fourth, during the survival period of the decorated plants, they should be sprayed with water frequently to create a cool and moist environment for them.

September Flower Guide

Flowers suitable for garden display In September, the temperature in most areas slowly dropped, and the monthly average temperature was between 20℃ and 24℃. There are many kinds of potted ornamental plants suitable for garden display this month. Among them, the types of woody ornamental plants include: Araucaria, five-needle pine, golden pine, Japanese golden pine, white pine, Japanese fir, Podocarpus, bamboo cypress, cycad, Canary date palm, Australian ironwood, Chinese gray lily, cinnamon, osmanthus, pomegranate, rubber tree, variegated fig, hibiscus, hibiscus, Dutch ironwood, croton, Brazilian wood, money tree, umbrella, bamboo palm, Burmese gardenia, bottle coconut, broad-leaved Mahonia, star aniseed plate, golden peach leaf coral, ginkgo, crape myrtle, jasmine, palm, rose, fishtail palm, areca palm, king coconut, cordyline, beautiful needle palm, fiddle-leaf fig, red maple, South American iron tree, spruce, Schefflera, Fuku Wood (Gamboge family), big Buddha belly bamboo, silver birch, Milan, white orchid, osmanthus, dew stump tree, Nandina domestica, etc. The herbaceous flowers include: canna, salvia, early chrysanthemum, bamboo begonia, marigold, pepper, lymphadenia, vinca, globe amaranth, dahlia, and clematis.

The propagation of garden flowers

1. Seeding: The types of woody flowers that can be sown include: peony, safflower oil tea, Michelia, magnolia, magnolia, horse chestnut, wintersweet, Canary date palm, etc. Among them, horse chestnut seeds can be sown in furrows. When sowing, the hilum should be facing downwards. The thickness of the soil should not be too deep, 2 to 2.5 cm is appropriate, and mulch or straw should be added to keep moisture. Wintersweet seeds can be soaked in cold water for 24 to 36 hours before being sown in the field. Seedlings will emerge about 2 weeks after sowing. Except for wintersweet, which can be stored dry until sown in the following spring, the other types of seeds must be stored in wet sand. September is a good time to sow grass flowers in autumn. The types of grass flowers that can be sown include: hollyhock, dianthus, high snow wheel, dwarf snow wheel, pansy, snapdragon, petunia, californica, daisy, poppy, marigold, rudbeckia, iris, and petunia. In addition, greenhouse flowers such as cyclamen, primrose, nasturtium, cineraria, begonia, gerbera, and cattail can also be sown at this time, but they must overwinter in plastic sheds.

2. Cuttings using half sand and half rice husk ash as cutting medium, the types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by moisturizing cuttings in the courtyard include: Pyracantha, Mahonia, Michelia, Bougainvillea, Sea Narcissus, Sajintao Leaf Coral, Begonia, Viburnum, Snowball, Weigela, Mandarin Duck Jasmine, Jasmine, Pearl Orchid, Golden Veined Acanthus, Coral Flower, Rubber Tree, Schefflera, Cordyceps, etc. Using ordinary sand as the seedbed, the woody flowers that can be propagated by cuttings include: Boxwood, Magnolia, Hypericum, Spiraea, Pomegranate, Hibiscus, Crape Myrtle, Spray Snowflake, Hydrangea, French Holly, Golden Edge Ligustrum, Red Leaf Berberis, Tianzhu, Fig, Oleander, Snow in June, Gardenia, Golden Anise Plate, Begonia, Peony, etc. Cuttings can also be used for some grass flowers, such as Salvia, Globe Amaranth, Marigold, Sulfur Chrysanthemum, Cold Chrysanthemum, etc.

3. Grafting can be used to propagate the following flowers and trees: using peony root segments as rootstocks, grafting fine varieties of peonies; using peach and apricot seedlings as rootstocks, bud grafting of elm-leaved plum, peach, longevity peach, red-leaf peach, plum, etc.; using green maple seedlings as rootstocks, bagging and moisturizing branches to graft red maple and feather maple, etc.; using white magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, bud grafting fine varieties of white magnolia and two-bridge magnolia; using potted purple magnolia as rootstocks, grafting white jasmine; using citrus seedlings as rootstocks, bud grafting kumquat, etc.; using tassels as rootstocks, grafting osmanthus; using potted wax plum seedlings as rootstocks, grafting fine varieties of wax plum.

4. Layering The ornamental flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering include: Begonia, Weigela, Hydrangea, Gardenia, Oleander, Winter Jasmine, Admiracle, Osmanthus, Magnolia, Jasmine, Michelia, Camellia, Orchid, French Holly, Snowball, Viburnum, Spraying Snowflake, Spiraea, etc.

5. Division The types of ornamental plants that can be divided include: spring orchid, cymbidium, jianlan, peony, peony, Guangdong dieffenbachia, purple triangle leaf oxalis, rudbeckia, tiger tail orchid, little angel, multi-headed green emperor, silver queen bright silk grass, kidney fern, Nandina domestica, malus, purple magnolia, silver veined osteogenesis, ophiopogon, big leaf ophiopogon, etc. In addition, hyacinth, tulip, freesia, calla lily, amaryllis, Mediterranean blue bell, etc. can also be divided into bulbs at this time to cultivate flowering bulbs.

Management of Ground Planted Flowers in Second Courtyard

1. Transplantation Since the temperature is still relatively high in September, it is generally not necessary to transplant flowers and trees in the courtyard unless there is a special situation. For example, for the layout of a new courtyard or the renovation of an old courtyard, transplanting can also be carried out on the premise of bringing the soil ball. Species include: oleander, cypress, Michelia, cypress, osmanthus, camellia, red-leafed barberry, golden-leafed privet, boxwood, hypericum, French holly, red flower ? wood, golden peach leaf coral, etc. Transplantation requires intensive pruning, and strengthen watering, spraying and shading management to ensure that the transplanting is foolproof. Some grass flowers can still be planted or potted for viewing in the golden autumn of October. Species include: saffron, amaranth, marigold, cosmos, dragon mouth flower, cockscomb, vinca, sulfur daisy, small lily, calendula, dwarf canna, early chrysanthemum, etc.

2. Pruning Continue to prune the garden hedges and ball ornamental plants with vigorous growth and strong germination ability. This is also the last pruning of ball ornamental plants in the growing season in the northern region this year. The garden hedges and color block tree species that are suitable for pruning are mainly: boxwood, French holly, alnus, privet, small-leaf privet, red-leaf barberry, golden-leaf privet, golden-edged thousand-headed cypress, etc. The ball ornamental plants that are suitable for pruning are: dragon cypress, Sichuan cypress, boxwood, bayberry, holly, holly, heather, pittosporum, pyracantha, golden bell, etc. The tops and tops of ground-planted grass flowers can be pinched: saffron, amaranth, sulfur chrysanthemum, Kochia, marigold, cosmos, etc. It is advisable to pinch the tops every 10 days to promote the formation of a plump plant shape and produce more inflorescences on the side shoots. Stop pinching after late September. For ground-planted woody flowers that continue to bloom for a long time, such as variety roses, floribunda roses, miniature roses, climbing roses, crape myrtles, pomegranates, five-color plums, and triangle flowers, it is necessary to promptly cut off the dead flowers and stems, and appropriately prune the branches that have bloomed, which can effectively promote their regrowth.

3. Watering In September, the climate is relatively dry. For the trees and shrubs transplanted in the spring of the previous year, continuing to water and spray water is one of the key measures to consolidate their survival effect. First, water the roots to keep the soil moist, but do not allow water to accumulate; second, spray water on the straw ropes wrapped around the trunks to create a local moist protective layer for the trunks; third, spray water on the crowns to reduce leaf transpiration and increase the humidity of the local space. In addition, spray water to keep the newly planted flowers moist.

4. Fertilization For ground-planted colorful foliage plants, such as Ligustrum lucidum, red-leafed barberry, red maple, red-flowered yew, variegated-leafed Alpinia officinalis, variegated-leafed Codonopsis pilosula, red mulberry, red-leafed dwarf cherry, red-leafed plum, and red-leafed peach, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied appropriately to keep their leaves bright and colorful. For ground-planted flowers and trees that bloom continuously or are ornamental in autumn, such as Crape Myrtle, Chinese Rose, Osmanthus fragrans, Four Seasons Orange, Pomegranate, Bougainvillea, Hibiscus, Chrysanthemum, Canna, Dahlia, Five-color Plum, Nandina domestica, Pyracantha, Cinnabar Root, Kumquat, and a large number of ground-planted autumn grass flowers, it is advisable to apply quick-acting fertilizers with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. For kumquat, silver osmanthus, and red osmanthus that are in bloom, fertilization can be stopped during the flowering period.

5. Disease and pest control For the green caterpillar that harms crape myrtle, pyracantha, crabapple and other flowers and trees, spray 800 times of 90% trichlorfon crystal solution for prevention and control; for the star longhorn beetle that harms crape myrtle, papaya and crabapple, insert poison sticks through the insect holes for prevention and control; for powdery mildew that appears on rose and chrysanthemum plants, 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used for prevention and control at the early stage of the disease. 6. Seed collection The woody ornamental plants that can be collected for seed are mainly flowers and trees of the Magnoliaceae family. Such as Tiannvhua, Michelia, Purple Magnolia, White Magnolia, Yunshan Bailan, Lechang Michelia, Multi-flowered Michelia, Deep Mountain Michelia, Guangyulan, etc. In addition, there are horse chestnuts, crape myrtle, lilac, crabapple, bauhinia, white azalea plum, yew, bright leaf wintersweet, etc. The seeds of magnoliaceae, yew, horse chestnut, crabapple, etc. must be stored in wet sand after treatment until the early spring of the next year, and then sowed in the field after the seeds crack. The grass and flower seeds that can be harvested include: marigold, zinnia, impatiens, mirabilis jalapa, cockscomb, vinca roseus, straw daisy, aster, etc. After harvesting, they must be threshed in time and stored in dry form until the next spring before sowing.

Management of Potted Flowers in Three Courtyards

1. Watering In September, the sunlight is strong, the temperature is high, and the air is quite dry.

Can be neglected. For the watering frequency, for the general foliage plants that like moisture, water or spray once in the morning and afternoon in the first half of the month, and water once in the second half of the month, and spray the leaves appropriately. For most potted flowers and bonsai, water once a day, supplemented by foliar spraying. Watering time is before 10 am and after 3 pm. For ornamental plant species that like acidic environment, a small amount of 0.1% light green ferrous sulfate powder can be added to the irrigation water. For summer dormant or semi-dormant flower species that resume growth after autumn, the amount and frequency of watering (or spraying) can be gradually increased. While watering potted plants, the soil of the plants should be loosened once every half a month.

2. Fertilization September is the period of vigorous growth for most flowers. Some flower species that were dormant or semi-dormant in summer have also resumed their growth as the temperature gradually turns cooler. This month, we should attach great importance to fertilization management. For foliage plants, such as Monstera, Rubber Tree, Money Tree, Brazilian Wood, Spring Feather, Palm Bamboo, Chinese Gray Lily, Cinnamon, Money Tree (Dragon and Phoenix Wood), Araucaria, Fishtail Palm, Green Radish, Red (Green) Gem, Green Emperor, Silver Queen, Arrowroot, Syngonium, Qinye Ficus, etc., low-concentration light fertilizer liquid is still the main fertilizer, such as 0.3% urea liquid. For flower and tree species with a long flowering period or with peak flowering period in autumn, such as rose, tricolor plum, five-color plum, pomegranate, crape myrtle, Milan, white orchid, jasmine, four-season osmanthus, Japanese osmanthus, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc., fruit-viewing plants such as daidai, nandina domestica, cinnabar root, pyracantha, papaya, golden marble, callicarpa, pomegranate, etc., and colorful leaf plants such as croton, golden peach leaf coral, bromeliads, variegated fig, golden-edged rubber tree, cordyline, and coleus, fertilizers with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied. For the resuming growth of begonias, geraniums, calla lilies, cyclamen, begonias, daphne, Christmas cacti, sedums, purslane trees (jade leaves), purple triangular-leaved Oxalis, Clivia, and Ornamental Lotus, you can resume watering with low-concentration liquid fertilizers; for flowers that have completed flower bud differentiation and entered the stage of flower bud expansion, such as camellia, sasanqua, wintersweet, plum, Michelia, azalea, etc., you can apply low-concentration and nutritionally balanced fertilizers; for potted herbaceous flowers, such as impatiens, marigolds, chrysanthemums, asters, dahlias, miniature sunflowers, etc., you can apply thin fertilizers every 10 days to meet their needs for bud formation and flowering next month.

3. Shade In September, the temperature is high and the sun is still strong, so the shade management of the courtyard potted flowers cannot be relaxed. For those foliage plants that like shade, such as Monstera, Rubber Tree, Kidney Fern, Boston Fern, Bird's Nest Fern, Syngonium, Arrowroot, Green Ivy, Palm Bamboo, Green Emperor, Silver Queen, Orchid Grass, Pink Daisy Leaf, Golden Horseradish, Aspidistra, Begonia, Kylin Leaf, Little Angel, Red (Green) Gem, Crystal Anthurium, Black Leaf Alocasia, Net-grass, Red Veined Acanthus, Asparagus, Schefflera, Variegated Fern, Watermelon Pepper Grass, Variegated Dieffenbachia, Hulk, Anthurium, Staghorn Fern, Mirror Grass, Water Grouper, Emperor Sunflower, Lucky Bamboo, etc. Provide 5 to 6 hours of light every day through shading; for light-loving species, such as Acer truncatum, Elm, Fujian Camellia, Ginkgo, Bayberry, Pinus thunbergii, Platycladus orientalis (piles), Juniperus, Crape Myrtle, Araucaria, Wisteria, Milan, Jasmine, Pyracantha, Rose, Oak, Fraxinus chinensis, etc., full light can be given; for species that prefer semi-shade, such as Podocarpus, Pinus pentaphyllum, Tiger Thorn, Red Phoebe, ? Wood, Epiphyllum, Nandina domestica, Jade Tree, Azalea, Camellia, Camellia, Buddha's Hand, Amaranthus, Kumquat, etc., appropriate shading can be given around noon. Newly transplanted autumn grass flowers should also be properly shaded to prevent the plants from wilting and affecting their recovery of growth.

4. Pruning For potted chrysanthemums, continue to do a good job of stripping buds and removing buds; for roses, pomegranates, Milan, jasmine, pearl orchids, bougainvillea, five-color plums, golden bud flowers, coral flowers, etc., prune after each flowering; for those tree stump bonsai species that are resistant to pruning, easy to germinate, and grow vigorously, such as elm, photinia, triangle maple, Fujian tea, banyan, red nan, small-leaved privet, bayberry, melon seed boxwood, cypress (stack), cypress, Fraxinus chinensis, Tamarix, etc., continue to prune or remove buds. In addition, for the seedlings of the fortune tree, you can implement "braiding" and potting. 5. Disease and insect control

For the pink-necked longhorn beetles on potted plum blossoms, crabapples, longevity peaches, and peach trees, poison sticks can be inserted to block and kill them, or furandan granules can be buried for prevention and control. For the Japanese wax scale, cottony scale, shield scale, and wool scale on potted flowers and trees, 40% of the 1500-fold solution of Supusha can be used for prevention and control.

Four potted plants suitable for balcony display

In September, the balcony still has strong sunlight and dry air. Only some potted flowers or strong resistant potted flowers and trees that have been placed on the balcony for a long time can adapt to the special environment on the balcony. They are: black pine, brocade pine, red pine, five-needle pine, elm, photinia, bayberry, maple, holly, holly, wintersweet, pomegranate, boxwood, cypress (pile), juniper, Fujian camellia, fraxinus, banyan, bougainvillea, rose, agave, ginkgo, Milan, jasmine, hackberry, Podocarpus, elm, snow in June, pyracantha, five-color plum, etc. Some flower species that prefer a cool environment can continue to be placed in air-conditioned rooms, such as cymbidium, oncidium, dendrobium, cattleya, Vanda, spider orchid, black-leaved Alocasia, crystal candle, anthurium, Clivia, fuchsia, spider grass, etc.; and some common foliage plants can be moved indoors 4 to 5 hours around noon, such as bamboo palm, monstera, Brazilian wood, money tree, green radish, spider orchid, areca palm, fishtail palm, king coconut, spotted tree, golden peach leaf coral, Schefflera arborvitae, etc.

The propagation of flowers on the balcony

In September, you can continue to use large-diameter flower pots as containers on the balcony, with a mixed substrate of rice husk ash and wet sand accounting for 1/2 each, and a plastic film to keep it moist, and you can propagate some ornamental plants by cuttings, such as gardenia, cordyline, golden peach leaf coral, Schefflera, Japanese osmanthus, Osmanthus fragrans, camellia, sasanqua, pearl orchid, jasmine, red-backed osmanthus, coral flower, golden bud flower, Michelia, silver queen bright silk grass, etc. You can also use water to propagate Schefflera, rose, gardenia, fig, Guangdong evergreen, etc.

Management of flowers on the six balconies

1. Watering For some ornamental plants that prefer moisture, such as Chunlan, Jianlan, Tulan, Monstera,

Aspidistra, camellia, camellia sasanqua, angel, pearl orchid, pineapple, etc. can be placed on wooden slats on the balcony pool or water tank, or in a simple sand pool built by yourself, and usually spray water instead of watering. For potted foliage plants placed indoors, you should also spray more water and water less to keep the pot soil loose and moist; especially in air-conditioned rooms, you should spray water at least 1 to 2 times a day, otherwise even the drought-resistant five-needle pine bonsai will lose water and die if it is not watered or sprayed for 5 to 7 days. For potted ornamental plants with strong resistance placed on the balcony, you can continue to water once a day and spray 1 to 2 times a day, or you can use the immersion method to prevent the occurrence of wet soil on the top and dry soil on the bottom. The watering time should still avoid 2 to 3 hours around noon, and pay attention to the water temperature and soil temperature and air temperature should not be too different, and add a small amount of light green ferrous sulfate to the irrigation water to avoid physiological yellowing of the plants.

2. Fertilization For potted flower species that gradually recover from dormancy or semi-dormancy, low-concentration liquid fertilizer should be properly applied; for potted stumps with vigorous growth, thin liquid fertilizer can be applied once after pinching and pruning; for potted flowers and trees that are mainly for viewing flowers and fruits, such as white orchid, rose, pomegranate, crape myrtle, jasmine, pearl orchid, daidai, pyracantha, bergamot, kumquat, etc., quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should continue to be applied; for potted flowers that have completed flower bud differentiation and whose buds are growing, such as camellia, camellia sasanqua, wintersweet, plum blossom, osmanthus, chrysanthemum, etc., appropriate amounts of quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers or multi-component fertilizers with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied according to different species. The types of topdressing for flowers and trees on the balcony should not have peculiar smell, especially no bad smell. Be careful not to splash downstairs when watering, and operate carefully.

3. For tree stump bonsai and potted flowers placed on the balcony that receive full sunlight, in order to reduce the amount of watering, prevent the soil from becoming compacted, and protect the nutrient fibrous roots distributed on the surface of the potting soil, you can continue to cover the surface of the pot with wet grass, moss, wet cloth, etc.; when there are not many potted flowers, you can move them indoors 5 to 6 hours around noon; if there are many potted flowers and conditions permit, you can continue to erect a stand and pull up the shade net to block the light.

4. Pruning In September, tree stump bonsai placed on the balcony, such as Elm, Photinia, Bayberry, Boxwood, Acer truncatum, Banyan, Camellia sinensis, Platycladus orientalis (stump), Juniperus chinensis, Juniperus chinensis, Ligustrum lucidum, Fraxinus chinensis, etc., still need to be topped or pruned. The dead branches, yellow leaves, and withered flowers and stems of other potted flowers and trees should also be cut off in time.

5. Pest and disease control In September, the temperature on the balcony is high and the air is dry. Potted flowers and trees are most likely to be damaged by red spider mites. They can be sprayed with 1500 times diluted 25% Bela wettable powder; for the two-striped cedar longhorn beetles on bonsai of juniper, juniper and juniper, and the pink-necked longhorn beetles on plum, crabapple, papaya, peach and other flowers and trees, you can continue to insert poison sticks or bury furadan for prevention and control; for the various scale insects that harm camellia, pyracantha, crape myrtle, wintersweet and other flowers and trees, they can be wiped off manually when the number is small, and when the number is large, they can be sprayed with 1500 times diluted 40% Suposha for prevention and control.

October Flower Handbook

In October, the temperature in most parts of China dropped, and the monthly average temperature was between 10℃ and 19℃. There are many kinds of potted ornamental plants suitable for courtyard display this month, including woody ornamental plants: Araucaria, Pinus nigra, Japanese golden pine, white pine, Japanese fir, spruce, Podocarpus, bamboo cypress, cycad, Canary date palm, Dutch iron, Chinese gray lily, Lanyu cinnamon, osmanthus, hibiscus, rubber tree, Schefflera arborvitae, variegated fig, hibiscus, golden pine, croton, Brazilian wood, fortune tree, palm bamboo, bottle orchid, broad-leaved Mahonia, star aniseed plate, golden peach leaf coral, thick-leaved banyan, fishtail palm, areca palm, king coconut, cordyline, beautiful needle palm, piano leaf banyan, desert rose, South American iron tree, Fu wood, Buddha belly bamboo, red maple, silver birch, Milan, white orchid, dew stump tree, osmanthus, Nandina domestica, etc. Herbaceous flowers include: Salvia, Canna, Dahlia, Asters, Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum, Begonia, Dragon Mouth Flower, Maidenhair, Marigold, Five-color Pepper, Cockscomb, Calendula, Vinca, Globe Amaranth, Petunia, Guinea Balsam, etc. It should be noted that in North China and Northeast China, when the temperature drops below 10℃, attention should be paid to the cold protection of southern flowers planted in the north.

Management of Garden Potted Flowers

1. Watering. Although the weather has turned cooler, the temperature in most areas south of the Huaihe River is still above 17℃, and the air is quite dry. The watering management of potted flowers must be careful. For some foliage plants that like moisture, such as rubber trees, Aspidistra, Monstera, Green Radish, Syngonium, Huahuili Wood, Lanyu Cinnamon, Hulk, Ruby, etc., it is advisable to water them once a day on sunny days, supplemented by spraying water on the leaves; for summer dormant flowers that resume growth after autumn, including semi-dormant species, such as Calla Lily, Cyclamen, Clivia, Purslane, Daphne, Geranium, Begonia, etc., the amount of watering needs to be increased. For winter and early spring flowering wintersweets, plum blossoms, camellias, etc., watering should be controlled and sprayed more to facilitate the expansion of their flower buds. In northern regions, for flower species that are more afraid of cold, watering should be reduced to accelerate the lignification of their new shoots to facilitate their safe wintering. The best time to water is between 10 am and 3 pm.

2. Fertilization. For summer dormant flowers that resume growth after the cool autumn, timely topdressing with low-concentration quick-acting liquid fertilizers is necessary; for camellia, plum blossom, wintersweet, cineraria, primrose, Clivia, cyclamen, black orchid, Belgian azalea, red-mouthed daffodil, etc. that bloom in winter or early spring, a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea should continue to be topdressed; for most foliage plants, after mid-October, nitrogen fertilizers should be stopped, and some low-concentration potassium fertilizers should be appropriately topdressed to increase the cold resistance of the plants; for fruit-viewing potted plants, such as daidai, lemon, kumquat, dahlia, winter coral, rich seeds, golden marbles, etc., a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be topdressed in early to mid-October.

3. Shade. For some foliage plants that like shade very much, such as the daisy leaf, monstera, arrowroot, syngonium, emerald, Boston fern, peperomia, etc., shade is still required for 2 to 3 hours around noon.

4. Pruning. For most bonsai and potted flowers that must be moved indoors in winter, their dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and weak branches should be pruned away in mid-to-late October; for long branches, strength reduction pruning should be performed; for bindings that have been shaped for 1 to 2 years, they can be removed, or tied again after being untied, to prevent them from being tied in a fixed position for a long time, which may damage the cambium of the branches and cause the branches and leaves to die.

5. Cold protection. In the northern region, some ornamental plants that cannot tolerate temperatures below 10°C can be moved into greenhouses in time in mid-to-late October; some relatively cold-resistant woody potted flowers or tree stump bonsai can be planted in the soil in a leeward and sunny location at the end of the month to prevent the potting soil from freezing. The Yangtze River Basin should accurately grasp weather change information to avoid the threat of cold waves heading south.

6. Pest and disease control. Cut off the dead branches and leaves on the potted flowers and trees, collect them together and burn them. For potted chrysanthemums, pests such as aphids, chrysanthemum tigers, leafminer larvae, and loopers should be controlled.

Management of Garden Flowers

1. Transplantation. For some ornamental plants with deciduous leaves, transplantation can be carried out after the leaves fall due to the arrival of frost, such as hibiscus, bauhinia, elm-leaf plum, pomegranate, lilac, red-leaf plum, purple magnolia, peach, longevity peach, floribunda rose, red-leaf barberry, golden-leaf privet, etc. For some evergreen flowering shrubs, such as broad-leaved Mahonia, Nandina domestica, Sichuan cypress, dragon cypress, golden-edged thousand-headed cypress, Osmanthus fragrans, gardenia, large-leaf boxwood, melon seed boxwood, boxwood tongue, etc., when transplanting, first, it is necessary to cut back before transplanting, second, to bring the soil ball, and third, to strengthen watering and spraying management after transplanting. The feasible types of garden grass and flowers for planting are: dianthus, daisy, hollyhock, kale, pansy, calendula, petunia, phlox, snapdragon, onion orchid, ophiopogon, lucky grass, etc. The types of bulbous flowers that can be planted in the ground include: daffodils, red-lipped daffodils, tulips, hyacinths, etc.

2. Pruning. The hedges and balls in the courtyard should be pruned for the last time this year. The requirements are to be precise and accurate. The standards are flat surface, straight line and round ball. The types of garden color blocks and hedge plants that are suitable for pruning include: Golden Ligustrum lucidum, Red Leaf Berberis, Red Flowered Wood, Golden Edged Thousand Headed Platycladus orientalis, Golden Edged Boxwood, Large Leaf Boxwood, Melon Seed Boxwood, French Holly, Ligustrum lucidum, Alnus pyrifera, Ligustrum lucidum, etc. The balls that need to be pruned include: Dragon arborvitae, Boxwood, Bayberry, Holly, Holly, Photinia, Pittosporum, Pyracantha, etc. For the ground-planted flowers and trees that bloom continuously in the courtyard, such as roses, crape myrtles, five-color plums, bougainvilleas, etc., the dead flowers and stems should continue to be cut off, and the branches that have bloomed should be appropriately cut back. For the ground-planted grass flowers in the courtyard, such as Salvia milano, marigold, and Globe amaranth, the open inflorescences should be cut off in time to encourage their side shoots to continue to bloom and bloom, thereby extending the viewing period.

3. Watering. For the newly planted garden flowers and trees, continue to water and spray them. First, keep the soil moist at the roots, but do not allow water to accumulate; second, continue to spray water on the leaves. In addition, spray water on the newly planted grass and flowers to keep them moist.

4. Fertilization. For autumn grass flowers planted in the courtyard, it is advisable to apply quick-acting fertilizers with a balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; for sweet-scented osmanthus that have bloomed, you can dig a ring ditch to bury the base fertilizer; for roses, crabapples, crape myrtles, hibiscus, camellias, Michelias, plum blossoms, wintersweets, etc. that have been pruned, you can bury an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer; for Tianzhu, Pyracantha, and southern Buddha's hand, kumquat, daidai, golden marbles, etc. that are in the state of fruiting, you can appropriately apply a small amount of quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which can effectively extend the fruit-bearing period.

5. Disease and pest control. For ground-planted plum, red-leaf plum, cherry, crabapple and other trunk-boring pests, continue to use poison sticks for control. The fallen branches and leaves in the courtyard should be cleaned up and burned in a centralized manner. In the north, the thick tree trunks in the courtyard can be whitewashed at the end of the month, or lime sulfur can be directly applied to the trunks.

6. Seed collection. The woody plant species that can be collected include: Podocarpus, bamboo cypress, soapberry, horse chestnut, purple magnolia, white magnolia, magnolia, magnolia grandiflora, mountain magnolia, Huangshan magnolia, yellow orchid, golden leaf Michelia, deep mountain Michelia, red flower magnolia, broad petal Michelia, pond cypress, palm bamboo, cinnabar root, beautiful needle palm, fan palm, Kudingcha, French holly, camphor, privet, small-leaved privet, viburnum, weeping crabapple, papaya, cycad, ginkgo, yew, tea oil, etc. These seeds must be stored in wet sand. The seed species that can be stored in dry storage include: crape myrtle, Ligustrum lucidum, red maple, Japanese maple, golden pine, metasequoia, Cryptomeria fortunei, Chinese tallow tree, Albizzia julibrissin, Koelreuteria paniculata, Hibiscus mutabilis, Ziziphus australis, Bauhinia, Camptotheca acuminata, Chinese dragon tree, Acer truncatum, etc. The herbaceous flowers that can be planted include: impatiens, cockscomb, zinnia, globe amaranth, daisy, marigold, cosmos, aster, impatiens, mirabilis, kochia, strawflower, cosmos, alpine snow, orangutan, mimosa, and dancing grass.

In addition, for canna, dahlia, etc., dig up the underground rhizomes at the end of October when their above-ground parts are close to withering, store them in sand indoors, maintain the room temperature not lower than 5℃, and wait until the spring of next year to cut and transplant them.

Balcony flower management

1. Watering. For woody ornamental plants placed on the balcony, such as cycads, banyan trees, rubber trees, Schefflera arboricola, Brazilian wood, money trees, Milan, white orchid, jasmine, etc., water them once a day, supplemented by spraying water on the leaves; for species that have buds and will bloom in winter and early spring, such as wintersweet, plum blossoms, camellia, camellia sasanqua, Belgian azalea, etc., watering should not be too much, and spraying water on the branches and leaves can effectively promote the expansion of their buds. For potted foliage plants placed indoors, such as Monstera, Spring Feathers, Little Angel, Aspidistra, Cordyceps sinensis, Bird's Nest Fern, Anthurium, Money Tree, Arrowroot, Green Radish, etc., spraying water should be the main method, supplemented by watering, so as to keep the pot soil from drying out.

2. Fertilization. For potted flower species that have recovered from dormancy and semi-dormancy, such as Clivia, Cyclamen, Calla Lily, as well as Cymbidium, Pineapple, and Chrysanthemum, they can be watered with a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea; for fruit-viewing plants such as Achyranthes, Kumquat, Golden Bean, Lemon, Bamboo, Golden Ball, Fortune Seed, Pyracantha, and Winter Coral, they can continue to be watered with a small amount of low-concentration quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; for Milan, White Orchid, Pearl Orchid, Jasmine, etc., they can be top-dressed with 1 to 2 thin phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in early October to help them survive the winter smoothly.

3. Shading. In early to mid-October, for tree stump bonsai and potted flowers placed on the balcony and exposed to full sunlight, in order to reduce the amount of watering, protect the nutrient fibrous roots distributed on the surface of the pot soil, and prevent the pot soil from becoming hardened, you can continue to cover the surface of the pot soil with wet grass, moss, wet cloth, etc., especially for shallow pot tree stump bonsai. For some shade-loving foliage plants, they can be moved indoors for 3 to 4 hours around noon on sunny days. The sunshade nets built in summer can be removed after mid-October.

4. Pruning. In mid-to-late October, tree stump bonsai placed on the balcony, such as elm, photinia, maple, banyan, camellia, arborvitae (stump), podocarpus, juniper, arborvitae, privet, and Fraxinus chinensis, must be pruned and shaped as necessary. For metal or non-metal wires that have been tied for more than a year, they can be untied first. If they have not yet reached the shape requirements, they can be re-tied at another binding site and then fixed with coiling to avoid excessive shrinkage marks that cause serious damage to the plants. For general potted flowers and trees, such as roses, wintersweets, plum blossoms, crabapples with stems, and crabapples with weeping threads, they can also be properly pruned.

5. Disease and insect control. In late October, all the dead branches and leaves of potted flowers on the balcony can be collected and burned together. For tree stump bonsai with part of the trunk wood exposed, lime sulfur can be applied to the trunk, which can not only protect the trunk wood, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the next year.

Potted plants suitable for balcony display

In the first and middle ten days of October, the sun is still strong and the air is dry on the balcony. Only those potted flowers and trees that have been placed on the balcony for a long time and have strong resistance can adapt to the open-air environment of the balcony. They are: black pine, brocade pine, elm, photinia, triangle maple, bayberry, Fraxinus chinensis, Fujian tea, Podocarpus, cypress, juniper, dragon cypress, boxwood, pomegranate, bougainvillea, thick-leaved banyan, ginkgo, rose, jasmine, Milan, cycad, pyracantha, five-color plum, tamarisk, red maple, etc. Some southern flower and tree species that are not cold-resistant can no longer be placed on the balcony when the temperature drops to 10℃. For some flower species that prefer a cooler environment, they can be placed in a general indoor environment at the beginning of the month. Such as cymbidium, crystal anthurium, net-grass, cattleya, phalaenopsis, oncidium, etc. For some common foliage plants, they can be moved indoors within 3 to 4 hours around noon, and can be placed on the balcony at other times, such as bamboo palm, Brazilian wood, fortune tree, green radish, orchid, areca palm, fishtail palm, king coconut, spotted stump, Schefflera arborvitae, etc. In northern regions, when the temperature drops to 10℃, most flowers and trees can no longer be placed on the balcony. In early October, you can continue to use wide-mouthed large flower pots as cutting containers on the balcony, with a mixed cutting medium of 1/2 rice husk ash and wet sand. You can also use vermiculite as a cutting medium alone, cover it with plastic film to keep it moist, and propagate a small number of ornamental plants by cutting, such as gardenia, Schefflera arborvitae, rubber tree, peach leaf coral, Michelia, jasmine, pearl orchid, Guangdong evergreen, coral flower, golden bud flower, shrimp flower, hibiscus, bergamot, silver queen bright silk grass, golden pothos, geranium, etc.

Propagation of Garden Flowers

1. Sowing. The types of woody flowers that can be sown include: peony, safflower oil tea, Michelia, magnolia, magnolia, horse chestnut, summer sweet plum, rich fruit, soapberry, bitter tea, Podocarpus, bamboo cypress, French holly, Elaeocarpus, beautiful needle palm, yew, palm, privet, small-leaved privet, camphor, sea daffodil, palm, pond cypress, etc. Among them, the hilum of horse chestnut should be facing downward when sowing, and the seeds of summer sweet plum should be soaked for 24 to 36 hours before sowing. Except for the seeds of summer sweet plum and sea daffodil, which can be stored dry until sowing in the next spring, the seeds of other species can be cleaned and stored in wet sand for germination until the cracks of the seeds are white in the next spring before sowing. Note that the seeds should be rinsed before storage and germination. The water content of the sand should be such that it can be lumped when held in the hand and scattered when loosened. The ratio of seeds to sand is about 1:3. The seeds should be checked frequently during storage and germination to prevent the seeds from drying out or rotting. The types of flowers that can be sown include: hollyhock, mallow, poppy, marigold, snapdragon, dianthus, pansy, creeper, belamcanda, dwarf snow wheel, tall snow wheel, californica, daisy, rudbeckia, iris, and veronica. Greenhouse flowers such as nasturtium, gloxinia, petunia, cineraria, four-season primrose, gerbera, and calendula can also be sown in plastic greenhouses.

2. Cuttings. Woody flower species that can be propagated by cuttings include: red-backed laurel, Schefflera arborvitae, tuberose, five-color plum, pyracantha, Mahonia, bergamot, gentiana, cordyline, Michelia, peach-leaf coral, hibiscus, bougainvillea, jasmine, pearl orchid, red-leafed barberry, golden-leafed privet, osmanthus fragrans, gardenia, sea daffodil, hemp-leafed hydrangea, red-flowered spirea, spray snowflake, hypericum, red-leafed plum, rose, viburnum, crape myrtle, hibiscus, oleander, fig, and Malus malus. The cutting medium can be ordinary sandy loam or loess soil, or a mixture of half sand and half rice husk ash, with fully enclosed moisturizing cuttings. In addition, for some southern flowers and trees, when cuttings are made, attention should be paid to cold protection when the frost comes. The types of grass flowers that can be cut include: Salvia, Globe amaranth, marigold, Begonia, Begonia, Prunus mume, Pothos, Pilea, Coral, Golden Bud, Shrimp Flower, Golden Veined Acanthus, Chrysanthemum, etc. The succulent flowers that can be cut include: Jade Tree, Lotus Palm, Ornamental Lotus, Epiphyllum, Purslane, etc.

3. Grafting. Using 1- to 2-year-old black pine seedlings as rootstocks, bagging to moisturize and graft five-needle pine (including Osaka pine) and brocade pine; using peony roots as rootstocks, grafting fine varieties of peonies; using one-year-old Acer palmatum seedlings as rootstocks, bagging to moisturize and grafting red maple, feather maple, etc.; using one-year-old Magnolia grandiflora seedlings as rootstocks, bud grafting fine varieties of Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia grandiflora, and Magnolia grandiflora; using Tripterygium wilfordii as rootstocks, grafting various cacti; using one-year-old citrus seedlings as rootstocks, bud grafting kumquats.

4. Layering. The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by low pressure include: camellia, plum blossom, sea daffodil, hydrangea, weigela, crabapple, laurel, snowball, magnolia, purple magnolia, gardenia, hypericum, French holly, winter jasmine, golden bell, Michelia, snowflake, red spirea, etc.

5. Division. The woody flower species that can be divided include: Nandina domestica, Mahonia macrophylla, Mahonia macrophylla, peony, Malus malus, Hydrangea macrophylla, Deutzia odorata, spray flower, Spiraea, Cycas reginae, etc. The herbaceous flower species that can be divided include: Peony, Hosta, Spring orchid, Purple calyx, Strelitzia reginae, Cymbidium, Cymbidium, Ranunculus, Rudbeckia, Iris, Belamcanda, Lily of the Valley, Dieffenbachia glabra, Silver Queen Silk Grass, Purple Triangular Leaf Oxalis, Multi-headed Green Emperor, Nephrolepis, Aspidistra, etc. The flower species that can be divided into bulbs include: Calla lily, Amaryllis, Freesia, Lycoris, Tulip, Mediterranean Blue Bell, etc.

November Flower Guide

Weather characteristics in November: This month is the transition between autumn and winter. November is the beginning of winter, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are about to freeze. In November, there is light snow, and the Yellow River Basin and the areas to the north begin to snow, and the Yangtze River Basin also begins to enter winter. This month, the maintenance of flowers and trees should focus on two aspects: one is to prune and clean the ground-planted flowers and trees, whitewash the trunks and remove insects, turn the soil and apply base fertilizer; the other is to do a good job of cold and frost prevention for bonsai and flowers in greenhouses and sheds. The main content of flower management this month is as follows.

Maintenance knowledge of bonsai in November

The main types of bonsai plants suitable for shaping in November are: Podocarpus, green cypress, juniper, velvet cypress, cypress, weeping euonymus, Serissa, plum blossom, wax flower, oak, holly, holly, boxwood, pearl boxwood, elm, and weeping crabapple, etc.

For bonsai stumps that have been tied with coir rope for 1 to 2 years, when deep shrinkage marks are found on the trunk and branches, the old coir rope can be removed in November and the trunk and branches can be re-tied and adjusted.

For new tree stumps of elm, photinia, bougainvillea, avens, pyracantha, and elaeagnus, after preliminary root cutting, trunk cutting, and branch cutting, they are planted in sandy loam fields using the shallow burial and high cultivation method, and will be shaped after the branches sprout next year.

After 1 to 2 years of maintenance and shaping, the tree stump has basically taken shape. In November, according to the shape of the trunk, roots and branches of the stump, you can choose a suitable pot to re-pot it, and then add fist stones and cover it with moss. It can be displayed indoors around the Spring Festival.

Tall plum trees, Podocarpus, peach trees, crape myrtles, junipers, and crabapples with good shapes can be planted in suitable pots in November. With strengthened water management, they can be used for display in squares, parks, and auditoriums in the spring of the following year.

Flowers suitable for breeding in November

1. Sowing. The types of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse in November include: nasturtium, gloxinia, bulbous begonia, cyclamen, gerbera, clivia, asparagus fern, hosta, etc.

The types of flowers and trees that can be harvested and planted in November include: hydrangea, Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, camphor tree, pencil cypress, bamboo cypress, Podocarpus, soapberry, euphorbia pulcherrima (cinnabar root), palm, French holly, photinia, and alnus pyracantha.

2. Cuttings. Open-field cuttings are possible in November, but the ground must be covered with plastic film. The main types of flowers and trees that can be used for heat preservation and cold protection include: red-leaf plum, plum blossom (referring to varieties such as green calyx and royal pink), rose (referring to varieties such as floribunda rose and Elizabeth rose that are easy to root), and crabapple.

The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by root cuttings in November include: red leaf plum, weeping crabapple, stem crabapple, holly, holly, trumpet creeper, elm, snow in June, etc. Some of these root cuttings can be used to make small and miniature bonsai.

In November, the flowers and trees that can be propagated by dense planting and cuttings in the greenhouse or shed include: boxwood, boxwood, boxwood with large leaves, boxwood with silver edges, Pilea, golden-edged privet, gardenia, Hypericum, Hypericum, Mahonia, golden-edged lily, etc. If managed properly, they will grow a complete root system in the spring of the following year and can be used for ground planting and greening of ball-shaped plants. In winter, cuttings can also be propagated in the greenhouse for bamboo-jointed begonia, moth-leaf begonia, lotus-leaf begonia, geranium, hibiscus, bell-shaped begonia, jade tree, purslane, red-backed laurel, golden-bud flower, shrimp-cloth flower, etc., and they can be used for pot cultivation after the beginning of spring.

In November, you can also cut cuttings of hibiscus, trumpet creeper, grapes, etc. in the Yangtze River Basin and store them for cuttings in the spring of the following year. This can significantly speed up their rooting speed and increase the survival rate of the cuttings.

3. Grafting. Use green maple seedlings as rootstocks and graft red maple and feather maple in bags indoors; use apricot seedlings and peach seedlings as rootstocks and graft plum blossoms by cutting (bury the grafting joint in the soil for wintering); use the sturdy branches of roses (Elizabeth varieties) as rootstocks and branches of excellent rose varieties as scions, perform cleft grafting or cutting grafting and then cut cuttings to promote the synchronization of interface healing and rooting of the lower incision, which can speed up the process of cultivating grafted seedlings of excellent rose varieties.

4. Layering. The main types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by low pressure in November are: Begonia, Gardenia, Small-leaved Gardenia, Pomegranate, Camellia, Plum, Wintersweet, Podocarpus, Weigela, Osmanthus, Hydrangea, Magnolia, Cypress, Michelia, Hydrangea, Snowball, Viburnum, Snowdrop, etc.

5. Division. The woody ornamental plants that can be propagated by division in November include: Malus sempervirens, Hydrangea hempleaf, Spraying snowflake, Spiraea sempervivum, St. John's wort, Hypericum, Hypericum sempervivum, Mahonia, Buddaria, Peony, Broom, Forsythia, Admiralty, Jasmine, Jasmine, Orchid, Bamboo tail, Bamboo philadelphus, etc.

In the south of the Yangtze River Basin, you can dig up the underground rhizomes or tubers of dahlias, cannas, and cannas, store them in sand until March of the following spring, and then cut and transplant them.

The types of plants and flowers that can be propagated by division include: Bletilla striata, Jianlan, Chunlan, Cymbidium orchid, Hosta, Purple-calyx, Belamcanda chinensis, Iris, Ornamental pineapple, Large-leaf Ophiopogon, Lucky Grass, Allium orchid, Dieffenbachia, Aspidistra, and Bryophyllum.

Harvesting seeds

The grass flower seeds that can be harvested in November include: impatiens, globe amaranth, amaranth, aster, cosmos, marigold, maple palm, etc.

The species of flowers and trees whose seeds can be harvested and stored in dry storage in November include: black pine, Huangshan pine, five-needle pine, metasequoia, cypress, Japanese cypress, Japanese cypress, Albizia albizia, Liquidambar formosana, Camptotheca acuminata, Eucommia ulmoides, red yew, Chinese tallow tree, wisteria, crape myrtle, Caragana, and hydrangea hemp. The species of flowers and trees that can be sown immediately after harvesting or must be stored in wet sand include: Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum microphylla, palm, camphor, pencil cypress, soapberry, wolfberry, yew, magnolia grandiflora, holly, holly, pyracantha, photinia, alnus pyranthes, rose (for cultivating rootstock), etc.

Planting and transplanting of flower beds

The types of flowers that can continue to be planted in flower beds and transplanted for flower border arrangement in November include: dwarf snow ring, carnation, hollyhock, mallow, large-flowered pansy, snapdragon, daisy, marigold, kale, etc.

The types of trees that can be transplanted in November include: camphor, magnolia, albizzia, soapberry, privet, koelreuteria, Chinese tallow tree, magnolia, osmanthus, red maple, red-leaf plum, plum, wintersweet, horse chestnut, linden, giant bauhinia, magnolia, two-tree magnolia, papaya, crabapple, etc. Among them, when transplanting evergreen trees, the branches and trunks must be appropriately shortened or truncated, and most of the leaves must be deleted. The trunks must be tied with straw ropes, and a large soil ball (generally the diameter of the soil ball is about 6 to 7 times the diameter of the trunk) must be brought to ensure their survival; when transplanting deciduous trees, the trunks can be shortened and the large branches can be trimmed, and the soil ball can be brought and the trunks tied. After transplanting large trees, it is necessary to strengthen watering and trunk spraying management to ensure survival. In addition, the cuts of the trunks and large branches should be sealed with wax or tied with ground film to prevent a large amount of water evaporation in the tree body.

In November, you can transplant plum trees, wintersweets, camellias, sasanquas, crabapples, and weeping crabapples into pots and place them in greenhouses to promote flowering, in order to meet the needs of indoor display before and after the Spring Festival.

In November, potted hyacinths, tulips, daffodils, etc. should be moved into the greenhouse to encourage them to bloom around the Spring Festival.

1. Watering. For most ornamental flowers (including bonsai) placed in greenhouses, sheds or indoors, the amount of watering in November should be based on keeping the pot soil moist. It should not be too wet. If the temperature is low and the plant is watered too much, the roots will rot and die. If the indoor temperature is high, the amount of watering should be appropriately increased, and the leaves should be sprayed with water as necessary.

For those potted flowers that bloom around the Spring Festival, such as camellia, sasanqua, azalea, plum, wintersweet, cineraria, as well as fruit-viewing plants such as daffodil, bergamot, lemon, pyracantha, bamboo, winter coral, and rich seed, not only must the soil in the pot be kept moist, but the plants must also be sprayed with water frequently to facilitate the expansion and growth of the flower buds and make the fruits appear more colorful.

For foliage plants placed in greenhouses, greenhouses and rooms, not only should the soil in the pots be kept moist, but the leaves should also be sprayed with water frequently to keep the leaves green and shiny. In greenhouses and rooms with higher temperatures, the amount of watering can be increased. For foliage plants that are not very cold-resistant, such as Syngonium, Arrowroot, Pink Daisy, Green Emperor, Croton, Silver Queen, etc., the amount of watering should be controlled to facilitate their safe wintering.

The best time to water potted flowers in November is between 10 and 11 in the morning, and the water temperature should be basically consistent with the soil temperature to prevent the plants from having adverse reactions due to low water temperature, which will affect their safe wintering.

2. Fertilization. For potted flowers placed indoors at a temperature above 15°C, such as azalea, camellia, camellia sasanqua, plum blossom, wintersweet, golden bud flower, shrimp flower, daphne, cineraria, cyclamen, begonia, hyacinth, Clivia, tulip, ornamental pineapple, Christmas cactus, colorful pineapple, etc., you can continue to apply low-concentration phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer solution to promote their growth and flowering.

For most potted flowers and trees, foliage plants, bonsai, etc. placed in general greenhouses, topdressing should be stopped to facilitate their normal dormancy over the winter. For most flowers and trees planted in the ground, such as crabapples, magnolia, white magnolia, purple magnolia, two-Qiao magnolia, magnolia, Lechang Michelia, Yunshan Bailan, Michelia, golden leaf Michelia, gardenia, horse chestnut, camphor, spirea, osmanthus, grape, rose, wintersweet, plum, cherry, soapberry, albizzia, palm, red maple, peony, bell, peony, Hypericum, etc., dry cake fertilizer can be buried, with the amount of 0.5 kg to 1.5 kg per plant, and less for small plants, to lay a good material foundation for next year's growth and flowering.

Pruning to lay the foundation for next year's growth

Continue to prune the unfinished hedges, green walls, and ball shapes, and apply base fertilizer after pruning is completed.

For bonsai plant species that are mainly shaped and pruned by shears, such as Ulmus pumila, Camellia chinensis, Photinia chinensis, Acer truncatum, Oak, Fraxinus chinensis, Pyracantha, Serissa serrata, Juniperus communis, Podocarpus caracteris, Chimonanthus ovali, and Begonia, all-round shaping and pruning are carried out to lay a good framework for next year's growth and formation.

For roses planted in the ground or in pots that have not been pruned yet, prune them. Except for 3 to 5 1 to 2 year old strong stems with a base of 30 cm to 50 cm, cut off the rest of the old stems from the base and cut off all the weak branches. For the unpruned ground-planted crape myrtles, intensively prune the current year's branches. Except for a few thick branches with a base of 20 cm to 30 cm, cut off all the other current year's branches to facilitate the growth of more strong new shoots next year, laying a good foundation for more flowering.

Common flowers and trees in flower beds, sidewalks, and courtyards, such as crape myrtle, hibiscus, osmanthus, camphor, sycamore, purple magnolia, bell, plum, wintersweet, cherry, camellia, albizzia, pyracantha, pittosporum, and crabapple, should all be cut off with those branches that are out of shape, thin, inner, or diseased and insect-infested, and those long branches that protrude from the crown should be appropriately cut back. In addition, in November, large palm trees can be stripped of their palms and their trunks cleaned to give them the desired ornamental effect.

Disease and insect pest control for flowers and trees susceptible to diseases

For flowers and trees that are prone to leaf diseases, such as grapes, crabapples, roses, roses, camellias, and chrysanthemums, collecting the fallen leaves under the plants and burning them can significantly reduce the occurrence of diseases in the next year.

For the trunks of street trees, continue to whitewash them; for the dead trunk and split trunk bonsai, apply lime sulfur mixture to the dead trunk and split trunk to prevent decay deep in the wood of the stump.

For whiteflies, scale insects, etc. that appear on potted flowers and trees in greenhouses or sheds (they may occur on cycads, bergamots, cycads, orchids, camellias, Clivia, and Aspidistra), one way is to wipe them off with a damp cloth or spray them with pesticides such as Suposha.

For aphids that appear on potted plants placed indoors (which may occur on white orchids, Milan, daisy, and roses), you can spray tobacco water for prevention and control. For azaleas placed in greenhouses, stop spraying foliar fertilizers, otherwise it is very easy to cause coal pollution due to poor indoor ventilation and high air humidity.

How to protect potted plants from the cold

For potted flowers and trees that are not too afraid of cold, such as camellia, sasanqua, azalea, spring orchid, cymbidium, bamboo, Araucaria, jasmine, white orchid, pearl orchid, bottle orchid, dahlia, bergamot, lemon, kumquat, cinnabar root, Schefflera, Monstera, spring feather, fishtail palm, rubber tree, money tree, Canary date palm, bamboo palm, etc., they can be placed in a plastic greenhouse, as long as the room temperature is maintained at no less than 5℃.

For potted flower species that are not cold-resistant, such as arrowroot, pink leaf, syngonium, deep feathered philodendron, Milan, Croton, golden veined acanthus, golden bud flower, Brazilian iron, red (green) gem, Hulk, green emperor, silver queen, frangipani, lucky bamboo, Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, and thrush, they should be placed indoors with a room temperature not lower than 10℃. They can also be protected in double-layer plastic greenhouses for the winter.

For those relatively cold-resistant bonsai or potted flowers and trees, such as wintersweet, plum blossom, crabapple, azalea, pomegranate, elm, crape myrtle, boxwood, photinia, Podocarpus, five-needle pine, cypress, juniper, maple, red maple, etc., they can be directly buried together with the flower pots in the soil in the leeward and sunny place. Under the condition of not less than -10℃, frost damage will generally not occur. In case of extremely cold weather, cover with film and soft grass to prevent cold.

For potted flowers or bonsai placed in greenhouses, greenhouses or rooms in November, in addition to ensuring a certain temperature condition, ventilation should be done well. Doors and windows can be opened around noon for ventilation to prevent the plants from falling flowers, fruits and leaves due to being kept indoors for a long time. In addition, there should be no toxic gases such as gas intrusion into the room, otherwise it is easy to cause the plants to fall leaves and fruits. When ventilating, care should be taken not to let the plants be directly blown by cold wind.

December Flower Guide

The types of ornamental plants suitable for bonsai shaping in December include: Podocarpus, Podocarpus macrophylla, garden cypress, green cypress, velvet cypress, oriental cypress, ground cypress, juniper, black pine, five-needle pine, red pine, bayberry, holly, holly, weeping euonymus, ginkgo, Serissa julibrissin, broom, elm, photinia, maple, wax flower, tamarisk, crabapple, weeping crabapple, papaya crabapple, boxwood, pearl boxwood, wisteria, crape myrtle, banyan, camellia, Fraxinus chinensis, oak, etc.

For bonsai plants that have been fixed in shape with palm silk (rope) or metal wire, if it has been fixed for a year, or if obvious constriction marks are found on the trunk or branches, the original binding materials should be removed and the metal wire or palm rope should be used again for suspension and traction.

For ground-planted plum trees, Podocarpus, Begonia, Ginkgo, Juniperus, Crape Myrtle, etc., after some necessary pruning and shaping, choose suitable pots for planting and strengthen management so that they can be displayed in public places or living rooms next year.

In winter, some shallow-pot landscape bonsai and tree stump bonsai must be carefully managed. First, the pot soil must be prevented from freezing and damaging the plant roots. Second, the freezing must be prevented from causing the artificially cemented rocks to disintegrate. Third, the plants planted on the rockery must be prevented from freezing to death or drying up. They can be placed in a non-freezing place and watered and sprayed regularly to ensure that they can safely survive the winter.

Weather characteristics in December: Most areas enter winter this month, and the weather is getting colder. Snowfall increases from north to south, and the temperature in the Jianghuai and Jiangnan regions drops below zero, with frequent frosts. This month, we should pay attention to three aspects of flower and tree maintenance: first, do a good job of heat preservation and frost prevention for cold-sensitive flowers and trees in greenhouses, sheds, and living rooms; second, do a good job of pruning and cleaning outdoor flowers and trees and turning the soil and applying fertilizers; third, do a good job of composting organic fertilizers and preparing culture soil.

Flower propagation

1. Sowing. The types of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse in December include: Gloxinia, Asparagus, Clivia, Begonia, Cyclamen, Coral, Gerbera, etc.; the types of flowers and trees that can be sown outdoors or stored in sand for germination include: Rose (such as Elizabeth), Bamboo, Fortune Seed, Holly, Pyracantha, Palm, Ligustrum, Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum microphylla, Sapindus, Photinia, Alnus serrulata, etc.

2. Cuttings. The woody ornamental flowers and trees that can be cut in the open field in December include: plum blossoms (mainly varieties such as royal pink and green calyx); roses (mainly easy-rooting varieties such as Elizabeth, Floribunda roses, and miniature roses); red-leaf plums, wintersweets (cuttings with heels), spirea, boxwood, etc. Among them, yellow heart soil is suitable for cuttings of plum blossoms and red-leaf plums, and a mixed substrate of rice husk ash and fine sand in a ratio of 2:1 is suitable for cuttings of roses. For other species, ordinary sandy loam can be used, covered with mulch film for heat preservation and moisture retention.

In the greenhouse, African violets can be propagated by leaf cuttings; combined with pruning, cuttings can be used to propagate hibiscus, geranium, Euphorbia milii, Epiphyllum, Gem Flower, Echeveria, Portulaca, Flos ruticosa, Kalanchoe, Golden Bud Flower, Shrimp Clothes Flower, Begonia, Bamboo Begonia, Rieger Begonia, Pearl Orchid, Jasmine, Clerodendrum, Five-color Plum, Schefflera, Daphne, Pothos, Cordyceps, etc. Using the cold room seedbed, cuttings can also be propagated, Gardenia, Golden Heart (Golden Edge) Boxwood, Mahonia, Hypericum, Admiralty, Winter Jasmine, Podocarpus, Podocarpus, Serissa, Pyracantha, Silver Bud Willow, Tripterygium, etc. In addition, branches of Trumpet Creeper, Clove, Grape, etc. can be cut and stored in the sand, and then cut in the spring of next year.

3. Grafting. For high-quality varieties of plum blossoms, such as Guhong and Zhusha, you can use the seedlings of apricot, fruit plum, peach, etc. sown that year in December. After digging up the rootstock, you can perform cleft grafting or cut grafting, and then plant them on the seedbed according to a certain spacing between plants and rows. The soil should be buried above the grafting site, and even most of the grafted scions should be covered. Be careful not to infiltrate the joint when watering. Cover the ground film to keep warm and moisturize. After the scion sprouts in the next spring, remove the covering ground film. Use the excavated wild rose plants to bud graft high-quality varieties of roses; or use the strong branches of Elizabeth rose varieties (10 to 12 cm long), cut or cleft graft the upper end of the rose scion of high-quality varieties, and then sow the grafted Elizabeth scion segments into the loose seedbed. The grafted site can be buried in sandy soil. When watering, do not infiltrate the interface. Cover the ground film to keep moist and heat. After the scion sprouts in the spring of the following year, remove the covering ground film. After it is fully alive, you can use a blade to cut the binding tape of the joint. In addition, red maple can be belly-grafted in bags indoors to keep them moist.

4. Layering. The types of flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering in December include: Podocarpus, plum blossom, camellia, osmanthus, Michelia, Malus, Magnolia, Snowball, Weigela, Gardenia, Winter Jasmine, Admiralty, Hydrangea, Hydrangea, Viburnum, Snowflake, Pomegranate, etc.

5. Division. The herbaceous flower species that can be propagated by division in December include: Allium, Ophiopogon japonicus, Lucky grass, Hosta, Purple calyx, Red flower Oxalis, Aspidistra, Jianlan, Chunlan, Cymbidium, Nephrolepis, Belamcanda, Iris, Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogonis, Dieffenbachia, Bryophyllum, and Dieffenbachia glabra. The daughter plants cut from the base of the division from the large colored pineapple plant must be small plants that have grown on the mother plant for three or four months, otherwise the color stripes of the daughter plants will easily disappear, so special attention should be paid.

The types of woody ornamental plants that can be propagated by division in December include: Nandina domestica, Hypericum, Mahonia, Begonia, Bamboo palm, Spiraea, Goldfinch, Admiralty, Forsythia, Jasmine, Jasmine, Magnolia, Gardenia, Sisal, Phoenix tail bamboo, and Philippine white bamboo.

1. Collect seeds. The grass and flower seeds that can be collected in December are generally those that have been moved to the greenhouse or cold room, such as sage, globe amaranth, marigold, cosmos, cyclamen, Clivia, etc. Clivia seeds should be sown as soon as they are collected.

The woody ornamental plants whose seeds can be harvested in December mainly include: rose, wisteria, privet, Ligustrum lucidum, Pyracantha, Pachysandra chinensis, holly, camphor, and Photinia. After processing, these seeds basically need to be stored in sand to germinate. They can only be sown in the next year after the seeds crack and turn white. If they are stored in dry conditions, they will easily lose vitality, resulting in failure of sowing and seedling raising in the next year.

2. Transplanting and planting. The types of herbaceous flowers that can be planted in flower beds and flower beds in December include: dianthus, kale, large-flowered pansy, snapdragon, marigold, daisy, etc. Some grass flowers can also be potted and placed in greenhouses, such as daisy, marigold, snapdragon, kale, dianthus, pansy, etc., and can be used for street display in the spring of the following year.

In December, most deciduous trees and flowering shrubs can be transplanted and planted, such as hibiscus, pomegranate, bauhinia, crabapple, wintersweet, plum, white magnolia, purple magnolia, soapberry, koelreuteria, albizzia, horse chestnut, red-leaf plum, cherry, papaya, two-sister magnolia, crape myrtle, wisteria, trumpet creeper, linden, magnolia, red maple, peach, Sophora japonica, weeping Sophora japonica, etc. However, the transplanting of evergreen trees and flowering shrubs should be more cautious. The evergreen species that can be transplanted in winter include: Ligustrum lucidum, osmanthus, palm, magnolia grandiflora, camphor, azalea, holly, etc. When transplanting, the main shoots and large branches should be strongly cut, and most of the leaves should be deleted. At the same time, a large soil ball should be brought, the main trunk should be tied with straw rope and wrapped with mulch, and the main trunk and large branches should be sealed with wax or wrapped with film to reduce water evaporation; after transplanting, the leaves and trunks should be sprayed with water frequently to ensure their normal survival.

The tree stumps and flowers that can be potted in December include: plum blossoms, wintersweet stumps, camellia, sasanqua, crabapple, and weeping crabapple. They can be placed in a greenhouse and treated to promote flowering, and are expected to bloom during the Spring Festival.

In December, potted hyacinths, tulips, daffodils, etc. should continue to be kept in the greenhouse to promote flowering, which can help them bloom around the Spring Festival.

1. Cold protection. In a simple plastic greenhouse where the temperature is not lower than 0℃, the following ornamental plants can be placed without being damaged by frost, such as scutellaria, asparagus, asparagus, golden flax, golden coral, fan palm, kidney fern, bamboo palm, nandina domestica, Michelia, rich seeds, pyracantha, camellia, spring orchid, cymbidium, phoenix tail bamboo, white bamboo, cycad, etc.

Ornamental plant species that require a wintering temperature of no less than 5°C, such as Araucaria, Schefflera, rubber tree, jasmine, white orchid, pearl orchid, miniature coconut palm, calla lily, spring feather, monstera, Jianlan, black orchid, Belgian azalea, triangle flower, cyclamen, primrose, five-color plum, kumquat, aster, lemon, Areca palm, geranium, hibiscus, and Buddha belly bamboo, can overwinter in double-layer plastic greenhouses. For species that require a wintering temperature of no less than 10°C, such as Croton, variegated taro, peperomia, arrowroot, lucky bamboo, fishtail palm, Brazilian ironwood, money tree, spiderwort, bromeliad, pink daisy, poinsettia, cymbidium, Clerodendrum pubescens, golden bud, Milan, Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Cymbidium, Cycad, red (green) ruby, Oncidium, and Tiger orchid, etc., they should be appropriately heated in a double-layer greenhouse with good sealing performance. During particularly cold periods, cover the roof of the greenhouse with straw mats from 4 pm to 9 am the next day, and remove them after the temperature warms up.

For those more cold-resistant potted plants and bonsai plant species, such as wintersweet, plum blossom, crabapple, azalea, pomegranate, elm, photinia, oak, crape myrtle, wisteria, boxwood, podocarpus, maple, green cypress, garden cypress, red cedar, bayberry, holly, and Fraxinus chinensis, they generally will not be frozen when the temperature is not lower than -10℃. In particularly cold weather, cover them with mulch or soft grass to keep them warm.

Whether it is a bonsai, potted flower, or foliage or fruit plant placed in a greenhouse, greenhouse, or room, in addition to maintaining an appropriate indoor temperature, it is also necessary to pay attention to ventilation. The doors and windows can be opened around noon when the temperature is highest to prevent the occurrence of falling leaves, flowers, and fruits. When ventilating, it is also necessary to be careful not to let the cold wind blow directly on the plants to avoid adverse reactions.

2. Watering. For most potted flowers and bonsai placed in greenhouses, sheds and rooms, the soil in the pots should be kept moist. If the temperature is low and the plants are watered too much, it is very easy to cause root rot. When the temperature rises, the amount of watering can be increased and appropriate foliar spraying can be given.

For those potted flowers that bloom around the Spring Festival, such as camellia, sasanqua, Belgian azalea, plum, wintersweet, cineraria, primrose, kalanchoe, hyacinth, European narcissus, and fruit-viewing plants such as tangerine, lemon, bergamot, four-season mandarin orange, golden bean, winter coral, fortune seed, nandina domestica, etc., not only must the soil in the pot be kept moist, but the leaves must also be sprayed with water to facilitate the expansion of the flower buds and increase the brightness of the flowers and fruits.

For most foliage plants placed indoors, it is necessary to keep the soil in the pot moist and spray water on the leaves to keep the leaves clean at all times; for foliage plants that are not very cold-resistant, such as pink daisy, syngonium, arrowroot, croton, silver queen, etc., when the room temperature is close to the lowest temperature limit they can tolerate, special attention should be paid to controlling the amount of watering to ensure that they can safely overwinter.

The best time for watering in December is 3 to 4 hours around noon, and the water temperature should be kept basically consistent with the air temperature and soil temperature to avoid adverse reactions in potted flowers due to low water temperature.

Newly transplanted flowers and trees outdoors should be checked regularly and given timely additional watering; for transplanted evergreen trees, the leaves can be sprayed with water around noon to prevent the leaves from shrinking and falling off.

3. Fertilization. For most potted flowers, foliage plants, bonsai, etc. placed in ordinary greenhouses, fertilization should be stopped, otherwise it is easy to cause the plants to rot and die.

For most of the green trees and flowers planted on the ground, such as crabapple, magnolia, white magnolia, purple magnolia, magnolia, Michelia, red maple, gardenia, horse chestnut, camphor, osmanthus, wintersweet, plum, cherry, red-leaf plum, soapberry, albizzia, Koelreuteria, palm, peony, peony, admiriflora, Hypericum, grape, rose, spirea, Ligustrum lucidum, mountain plum, Detonia, pomegranate, crape myrtle, wisteria, pyracantha, nandina domestica, lilac, trumpet creeper, costus root, Hypericum, weeping willow, cryptomeria, cedar, cypress, Sophora japonica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus mume, white silk plum, Photinia narioides, Bauhinia, hibiscus, etc., while turning the soil in the garden in December, fertilizers can be buried around the roots of the plants, such as cake fertilizer, pig and cow manure, pond mud, septic tank residue, etc., to lay a good material foundation for next year's growth and flowering.

For potted flowers placed indoors at 10℃ to 15℃, such as camellia, sasanqua, azalea, plum, wintersweet, goldenrod, shrimp flower, bromeliad, daphne, cineraria, primrose, cyclamen, begonia, hyacinth, Clivia, tulip, freesia, etc., you can continue to apply 1.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to promote bud formation and flowering of the plants.

4. Pruning. Prune the hedges, green walls and ball-shaped plants that have not been pruned in November. Hedges and green walls such as Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lily, boxwood, cypress, osmanthus fragrans, and alder tree; ball-shaped plants such as holly, bayberry, heather, boxwood, pittosporum, bell, pyracantha, arborvitae, and juniper can be fertilized at the same time as pruning is completed.

For the ground-planted flowers and trees that have not been pruned in November, such as roses, crape myrtles, palm trees, red-leaf plums, photinia, sycamores, plum blossoms, and wintersweets, they should be shaped and pruned. After the pruning is completed, fertilizers can be buried around the roots.

For bonsai plant types that are mainly pruned, such as Ulmus pectinata, Photinia chinensis, Holly, Camellia chinensis, Acer truncatum, Oak, Fraxinus chinensis, Pyracantha, Serissa serrata, Podocarpus, Cypress, Juniperus chinensis, Crabapple, Papaya, etc., continue to prune in December to lay a good framework for next year's growth; for plants that have not been repotted for many years, repotting can be combined with pruning.

5. Disease and insect pest control. For flowers and trees whose leaves are prone to diseases and insect pests, such as grapes, crabapples, roses, roses, camellias, and crape myrtles, collect the dead branches and leaves under the plants and burn them to reduce the occurrence of diseases next year. At the same time, spray lime sulfur mixture for sterilization and disinfection.

For powdery mildew of potted cineraria and gray mold of primrose, the former should be controlled in time with triadimefon or methyl-thiophanate, and the latter should be controlled with methyl-thiophanate.

For types of flowers and trees in greenhouses that are prone to scale insects, such as hollyhocks, bergamots, cycads, camellias, and asparagus, you can first wipe them with a rag and then use pesticides such as Suposha to prevent and control them.

For flower and tree species that often have aphids on potted plants when ventilation is poor, such as white orchid, Milan, taro, rose, Fujian tea, etc., tobacco water can be used for prevention and control.

For the trunks and branches of flowers and trees cultivated in the open field, such as Pittosporum tobira, osmanthus, sycamore, camellia, Ligustrum lucidum, Pyracantha, oleander, crabapple, magnolia, bauhinia, gardenia, cedar, heather, crape myrtle, and wintersweet, there are many kinds of scale insects, such as horned wax scale, Japanese wax scale, red wax scale, shield scale, arrow-pointed scale, mealybug, and velvet scale. At this time, they can be killed by spraying with higher concentrations of pesticides such as quinthion, quinthionyl, and cypermethrin, which rarely causes pesticide damage.

6. Composting fertilizer. In order to prepare seedlings and culture soil for next year, you can use the winter idle time to pour rapeseed cake, bean cake, tea seed cake, etc. into water tanks and pools, add water and seal them for fermentation.

Pile dry grass, fallen leaves, shrubs, branches, etc. in layers with garden soil and burn them to form burnt soil, which is an excellent covering soil for sowing and raising seedlings next year.

Mix stable manure, pond mud, chicken manure, pigeon manure, etc. with garden soil, compost them, seal them for fermentation, and they can be used for topdressing seedlings and preparing culture soil next year.

7. Prepare the culture soil. Use your free time in winter to find an open space or under the shade of a tree to pile up as much culture soil as possible, in preparation for repotting and planting flowers in the spring of next year. Generally, it is 4 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of leaf humus (or 2 parts of alpine humus), 1 part of fine sand, 1 part of composted sawdust, tobacco dust or chaff ash, plus about 5% of composted cake fertilizer and 2% to 3% of compound fertilizer. The garden soil and leaf humus should be sieved to remove stones, tree roots and other debris. After fully mixing, cover with plastic film, or pile it indoors. After 3 to 4 months, it can be used for repotting or planting flowers.

　　8. Turn over the soil and freeze the ditch. For the garden land used for sowing, cuttings, and planting seedlings next year, it can be turned over in December; for the garden land for sowing and planting seedlings, cake fertilizer, stable manure, pond mud, etc. can be applied before turning over the soil; do not make beds for the time being, and after freezing the ditch over the winter, dig trenches and make beds in the early spring of the next year, which can greatly reduce the cost of seedling management and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests.