1. Potting soil: Potting soil is generally made of garden soil, leaf humus, compost soil, pond mud, peat, perlite, vermiculite, coconut fiber and other materials.

    2. Potting and repotting: The process of transplanting seedlings into pots is called potting. When the seedlings are potted, the roots should be as much soil as possible to reduce damage to the roots. When potting, the roots of the flowers spread out and lightly placed on the soil, and the soil is buried to the root neck, so that the pot soil is kept 3-5 cm to the edge of the pot to facilitate watering and fertilization.

    Perennial ornamental plants grow in limited soil in pots for a long time, and lack nutrition. They need to gradually change to a larger flower pot, which is called repotting. Perennial flowers should be repotted during the dormant period, once a year, and one or two annual herbaceous flowers can be repotted at any time during the growing season according to the growth situation, and the flower pot will be increased by one size each time. Flowers that have been potted or repotted should be watered immediately, placed in the shade for 2-3 days, and then moved to the sun, and pay attention to keeping the pot soil moist. After potting and repotting, 800 times of new lipid film solution should be sprayed to prevent disease invasion and retain moisture.

    3. Watering and fertilizing: Potted flowers are best irrigated with soft water (such as river water, lake water, pond water, etc.). Tap water in cities contains chloride ions, which is not good for the growth of flowers. It is not suitable to directly water potted flowers. Tap water should be placed in a water tank or pool in advance for 1-2 days before use. Moisture-resistant flowers can be watered more, while drought-resistant flowers such as succulents should be watered less. Potted flowers should be watered once every other day in spring and autumn, once in the morning and evening in summer, and less watered after winter.

    Fertilizer is the source of nutrients for potted flowers. The rationality of fertilization is directly related to the yield and quality of flowers. Currently, commonly used fertilizers include organic fertilizers such as human feces, urine, manure, cake fertilizer, plant ash, and nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and inorganic fertilizers. The following points must be noted when applying fertilizer:

    ①Observe whether the flowers have symptoms of fertilizer deficiency;

    ②Fertilization must grasp the changes in seasons and temperature;

    ③The number of fertilizations must be appropriate;

    ④The soil must be loosened before fertilization;

    ⑤Organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers should be used in combination;

    ⑥The farmyard manure must be fully fermented and decomposed.

    4. Pest and disease control: In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, prevention and control must be the main focus. The quarantine system must be strictly enforced to eliminate the source of pests and diseases. For the pests and diseases that have been discovered, the principle of "treating small, treating less, and treating them" should be adhered to. Do not wait until the flowers are seriously damaged before treating them, so as to avoid wasting manpower and material resources. Common pests and diseases in flowers are mainly scale insects, aphids, red spiders, whiteflies, snails, damping-off disease, white rot, powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, etc. According to the situation of each pest and disease, the corresponding agent + 800 times solution of new lipid film should be selected for prevention and control to produce high-quality flower products.