What effect does air humidity have on the growth of foliage plants?

The water required by foliage plants can be easily solved during watering, but the difficulty lies in their special requirements for air humidity. Because most of them are native to tropical rainforests, they require the air humidity to be at least around 60%. Therefore, air humidity is an important factor in maintaining the green leaves of plants. In northern homes, the relative humidity is mostly below 60%. Under normal circumstances, as long as it is not less than 50%, most varieties can still grow normally. On the contrary, if the humidity is less than 40%, the leaves of the plants will have burnt edges and withered yellowing. At this time, water should be sprayed frequently, or covered with plastic covers, or deep basin evaporation methods should be implemented to increase the air humidity. If foliage plants are in a dry environment for a long time, not only will the leaves lose their luster, but the growth potential of the entire plant will also weaken, grow slowly or stagnate, and eventually wither and die. Foliage plants bought from flower shops often grow poorly, mostly because they are not adapted to the dry air in the room. Therefore, controlling humidity is another key to the maintenance and management of foliage plants.

Why should air humidity be increased when growing flowers on the balcony?

All physiological functions of flowers require water. Without water, the metabolism of flowers will stop and lead to death. Flowers absorb water in two ways, namely from soil moisture and air humidity. In hot seasons, the air humidity is high, which correspondingly reduces the temperature, which is good for the growth of flowers. Some flowers that like shade and humidity can only survive in high air humidity. For example, orchids, monstera, ferns and begonias require a relative humidity of 80%-85% in summer, and not less than 65%-75% in winter; evergreen ornamental flowers such as hibiscus, white orchids, five-color plums, jasmine, rubber trees, poinsettias, etc. require a relative humidity of not less than 70% in summer and not less than 60% in winter; even cacti or succulent flowers that like drought must have a relative humidity of more than 60% in the summer growth season to grow well. The balcony is high up in the building. In hot seasons, the sunlight is strong, which makes the balcony ground, fences, walls, etc. absorb more heat and dissipate heat slowly. Therefore, the balcony temperature is high, which reduces the air humidity. Usually, the air humidity is not high because the building is high and windy. If the air humidity of the balcony is low for a long time, the flower plants will appear dull and lifeless, and even the new buds will be dry and the leaves will have burnt edges and spots, which will seriously affect the growth and development of flowers and flowering and fruiting. Therefore, the air humidity should be increased when

growing flowers on the balcony. What kind of soil is commonly used for potted flowers?

Different flowers and their different growth and development stages have different requirements for soil. The commonly used potting soil materials are roughly the following: Plain sandy soil This is a fine sandy soil with a pure texture, less clay particles, and smooth drainage. This soil is often used as soil for sowing general flowers, or as soil for cutting branches and buds of herbaceous flowers and cutting branches of woody flowers. It is also the main material for preparing culture soil. Peat soil, also known as peat soil, is collected from peat swamps. It is formed under flooded and anaerobic conditions after the continuous accumulation of organic matter. Its organic matter content varies, some as high as 80%--90% or more. It contains a large amount of fiber and humic acid. It is soft, has strong fertilizer absorption and water retention capabilities, and has good water permeability and air permeability. Peat soil is acidic or neutral soil, contains organic matter, and is suitable for cutting soil for evergreen flowers and trees with slow rooting, or mixed with plain sandy soil in half and half for sowing and cutting soil for general flowers. It can also be used to prepare culture soil. Garden soil is the mature loam on the surface of the garden, which can be used as soil for flower beds or to prepare culture soil. Furnace ash soil has strong drainage and air permeability and can be used to prepare culture soil. Furnace ash slag can be placed at the bottom of the pot as a drainage layer. Mountain forest humus soil is formed by the natural accumulation of dead branches and leaves, mosses and wind-blown sand in the mountain forest and fermented and decomposed. Humus soil can be made into culture soil after a little preparation. River mud is sedimentary soil in fish ponds and lotus ponds, containing a large amount of organic matter. After being dug out in autumn or winter, it can be dried in the winter, weathered, and mixed with yellow clay in half, and then used as soil for cultivating aquatic flowers such as lotus and water lily. The river mud is dried and repeatedly turned over and pounded, and can be used as cultivation soil after one year. Mountain mud is commonly known as orchid soil. It is a natural humus soil produced in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang. It is made of fallen leaves accumulated for many years and decayed. It has a light texture, is breathable, drains, and retains water and fertilizer. It is a good potting soil. It is slightly acidic and suitable for cultivating orchids, azaleas, camellias, etc. that like acidic soil. It can also be used as soil for tree stump bonsai cultivation. Guangdong pond mud is a fertile pond mud in South China. It is the topsoil deposited at the bottom of the fish pond for many years. It is gray-black in color, contains the remains and excrement of rotten and decomposed aquatic animals, is rich in organic matter, has sufficient nutrients, and has good drainage. It is dug when the pond is dry in winter, dried and crushed, and sieved for use. Large grains can be placed at the bottom of the pot because they are not easy to break and there is no risk of stagnant water. Neutral or slightly acidic.

What are acidic soil and alkaline soil?

Soil pH is a term that measures the acid and alkalinity content in the soil. PH value is a symbol that indicates the degree of acidity and alkalinity. Its corresponding values ​​with acidity and alkalinity are as follows: PH value 3-4 5 6 7 8 9 10-11 Indicates Strong acidity Acidity Weak acidity Neutral Weak alkalinity Alkalinity Strong alkalinity Soil pH value less than 7 is acidic soil, and soil pH value greater than 7 is alkaline soil. Table of soil acidity and alkalinity conditions for various flowers and trees: Acid-resistant flowers and trees (pH4--5) Azalea, cyclamen, gardenia, coleus, purple spiderwort, ferns, orchids, etc. Suitable for weakly acidic flowers and trees (pH5--6) Cyclamen, begonia, amaryllis, primrose, camellia, jasmine, Milan, five-needle pine, lily, gladiolus, palm family, white orchid, gloxinia, etc. Suitable for neutral to slightly acidic flowers and trees (pH6--7) Chrysanthemum, asparagus, rose, narcissus, hyacinth, osmanthus, four-season primrose, asparagus, poinsettia, fuchsia, taro, Clivia, purple magnolia, and begonia. Suitable for neutral to slightly alkaline flowers and trees (pH7-8) Rose, dianthus, geranium, cactus, winter jasmine, boxwood, nandina, sweet pea, plum, cypress, etc.

How to use a simple method to determine the acidity and alkalinity of potting soil

The simplest way to determine the pH value is to buy some pH test paper, litmus paper and a standard colorimetric card from a chemical reagent store. When measuring, take a small spoonful of potting soil and place it at the bottom of a clean bowl. Add a small amount of distilled water until it just covers the test soil, but not too much. Then stir it evenly to clarify, which is the soil leachate. Use a bamboo stick to dip a little soil extract on a small test paper. Red is acidic and yellow is alkaline. You can compare the color displayed on the test paper with the standard colorimetric card to find the color card number with a similar color, which is the pH value of the pot soil.

What role do the three elements of fertilizer play in potted flowers?

The various mineral elements required for plant growth and development are required in the largest amount, and the most important ones are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are called the three elements of fertilizer. Their functions are:

Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen fertilizer is also called foliar fertilizer. It can make plants grow rapidly, with luxuriant branches and leaves and dark green leaves. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied mainly in the seedling stage and foliage flowers. In the early stage of plant growth, that is, the vegetative growth period, nitrogen should not be lacking. It is generally applied from spring to early summer. If nitrogen fertilizer is continued to be applied when the growth and development of the plant stops (after summer), the stems and leaves will grow too long, and the plant will be difficult to mature in the end, which will seriously affect flowering and fruiting. And the stems and leaves are weak and easily damaged by diseases and insects. Therefore, before the plant enters the reproductive growth period (flower bud differentiation period), the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped. Human feces, bean cake, ammonium sulfate, urea, etc. are all nitrogen fertilizers.

Phosphorus (P) Phosphorus fertilizer is also called fruit fertilizer. It can promote flower bud differentiation and bud formation, make the flowers colorful and fragrant, the fruits large and good, and promote the growth of plants. It is most effective to apply it in the late stage of plant growth and development (reproductive growth period). Therefore, before flowering and after the fruit is hung, more phosphorus fertilizer can be applied. Plants have the ability to store phosphorus fertilizer in their bodies and can adjust the use according to growth needs. Therefore, it can be applied in the base fertilizer at one time. The plant's absorption capacity for phosphorus fertilizer has a certain limit. Calcium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate rock powder, etc. are all phosphorus fertilizers.

Potassium (K) Potassium fertilizer is also called root fertilizer. It can make the stems and roots grow strong, not easy to fall over, and enhance the ability to resist diseases and insect pests and cold. It is indispensable in the early stage of plant development, in the seedling stage, the shoot stage and after the transplanting of seedlings. You can apply more potassium fertilizer. In the later stages of plant development, potassium fertilizer helps complete photosynthesis and plays an important role in the production of water compounds, especially for bulbous flowers that can store a large amount of carbohydrates. Therefore, potassium fertilizer is indispensable throughout the growth process of the plant. Potassium fertilizer can be applied in large quantities to weaken photosynthesis of potted flowers that have been placed indoors for a long time due to insufficient light. Potassium fertilizer will not cause fertilizer damage due to excessive application. Wood ash, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, etc. are all potassium fertilizers.

What are the adverse phenomena of plant growth when the potting soil lacks fertilizer?

When the potting soil lacks fertilizer, the plant will be short, thin, weak, with few branches and abnormal leaves, and it will not look strong. Due to the lack of different fertilizer elements, the poor growth phenomena are also different: if the potting soil lacks nitrogen, the leaves are small and the leaf color is light yellow. The lower leaves turn yellow first and then gradually develop until the whole plant loses its green color. The lower leaves are more yellow and pale than the upper leaves. If the potting soil lacks phosphorus, the leaves are curled and the leaf color is dark green. The lower leaf veins turn yellow and bronze, the number of flowers is small, the root system is underdeveloped, and the young shoots germinate slowly. If the potting soil lacks potassium, the edges of the lower leaves appear brown, and the leaves lose their green color and turn white from the tip to the edge and middle of the lower leaves. Various color spots appear between the veins. If the potting soil lacks iron, burnt brown spots appear on both sides of the veins and inside the leaf margins and leaf tips and dry up. Sometimes they expand to form a large area of ​​dryness, and only the larger leaf veins remain green.

There are three ways to fertilize potted flowers:

(1) Applying base fertilizer. Applying base fertilizer for potted flowers is very important. If the base fertilizer is sufficient, less topdressing can be applied, and even special chemical fertilizers can be used as topdressing. Because the pots need to be changed after 1-2 years, it will not affect the quality of the potting soil.

Organic fertilizer made from fully fermented domestic waste such as decomposed human feces, stable manure, broken bones, fish, poultry offal, rotten vegetables, etc. is suitable as base fertilizer for potted flowers. The method of use is to mix 10% to 30% into the culture soil, keep it moist, and turn it over frequently to fully blend the fertilizer and soil. Use it after a winter or 2-3 months in the high temperature season. According to different ingredients, different flowers can be potted, overturned or repotted with soil. Hoofed horns and poultry feathers can be used as base fertilizer and can be placed directly on the bottom of the pot when the flowers are potted. Sesame paste residue, bean cake and other oily fertilizers and bone meal are used as base fertilizer in the same way as manure, and the amount mixed into the culture soil is 3%-5%.

For flowers and trees that are not repotted in the same year, when the flowers and trees are dormant, a circular ditch or a symmetrical short ditch can be made along the edge of the pot, and some of the above fermented organic fertilizers can be applied, and then covered with new culture soil, which can also replace the application of base fertilizer.

Inorganic fertilizers (chemical fertilizers) such as superphosphate and phosphate rock powder can be used at 0.5% for phosphorus fertilizer, ammonium sulfate can be used at 0.2% and urea can be used at 0.1% for nitrogen fertilizer, and potassium sulfate and potassium chloride can be used at 0.1% and mixed into the culture soil two weeks ago as base fertilizer.

(2) Topdressing During the growing season of flowers and trees, applying thin liquid fertilizer to make up for the lack of base fertilizer is called topdressing. For 1 part of fermented urine, bean cake water, fish intestine water, rice washing water, etc., add 10-20 times of water, or use urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to make a 0.1%-0.2% aqueous solution, apply 1-2 times a week, and apply once every half a month after the beginning of autumn.

When applying topdressing, you should master the following: apply more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during the vegetative growth period, apply more phosphorus fertilizers during the flower bud formation period, loosen the soil the day before fertilizing, and water the next morning after fertilizing; apply after the beginning of spring, but not after the autumnal equinox; apply when buds appear, but not when buds crack; apply before rain and on sunny days, but not after rain; apply when the climate is dry, but not in the rainy season; apply when the soil in the basin is dry, but not when the soil in the basin is wet; apply more when the climate is suitable for vigorous growth, but not when the climate is hot and the growth is stagnant; do not apply when newly planted, growing too long, or dormant; apply thin fertilizer frequently, and do not apply thick fertilizer; for chrysanthemums and jasmine that like fertilizer, apply more fertilizer from light to thick fertilizer, while for conifers such as five-needle pine that are resistant to barrenness, apply less fertilizer rather than thin fertilizer; apply before and after flowering, but not during peak flowering period; apply in the morning and evening, but not at noon; apply more fertilizer to strong seedlings, but less fertilizer to weak seedlings; do not be too hungry or too full; do not apply if it is not fully decomposed or diluted.

(3) Foliar fertilization: Spraying fertilizer solution on the leaves to make up for the lack of root fertilization is called foliar fertilization. As the fertilizer increases, the plants grow stronger, with more branches and greener ground, more colorful flowers, and stronger disease resistance, but it cannot replace soil fertilization. Only inorganic fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. that are easily soluble in water can be used in the morning and evening when the temperature is low or high. The temperature is high and the plants are easy to dry and cannot be absorbed. The concentration of 0.1%-0.2% is not suitable. Too light fertilizer has low efficiency and too concentrated fertilizer is difficult to absorb.

What should be paid attention to when fertilizing potted flowers?

A flower proverb says: "Whether it lives depends on water, and whether it grows depends on fertilizer." Reasonable fertilization is one of the key issues in potted flower maintenance. Proper fertilization will result in strong seedlings, lush leaves, colorful flowers and large fruits. Improper fertilization will cause branches and leaves to shrink, the plants to sluggish, and even die. The following points should be paid attention to when fertilizing potted flowers at home:

(1) Fertilize according to the different growth periods of different flowers and plants. A proverb about flowers says: "Clear orchids, turbid jasmines." It means that orchids prefer light fertilizers, while jasmines prefer thick fertilizers. Generally, most flowers and trees prefer light fertilizers, and few prefer thick fertilizers. Although jasmine likes thick fertilizers, it can only be applied in the dog days, with strong sun exposure and plenty of water. If you apply thick fertilizer as soon as it leaves the room, it will be bad. Although chrysanthemums like strong fertilizers, if too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early growth stage, they will grow too long and it will be difficult to form flower buds. Only during the process of forming flower buds can the amount and concentration of fertilizer be gradually increased. Gardenia, azalea, camellia, jasmine and other flowers and trees that prefer acidic soil should not be fertilized with alkaline fertilizers such as ammonia water and sodium nitrate. Bulbous flowers and flowers and trees that need to be heavily pruned every year should be fertilized with more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Apply winter fertilizer half a month before frost to improve cold resistance; apply germination fertilizer before budding in early spring to make the buds grow larger and sprout faster; apply pregnancy fertilizer when the spring shoots are about to mature to promote flower bud differentiation and plump buds; apply thin nutrient fertilizer after flowering to restore the tree to bloom or fruit. During the peak flowering period and the early stage of fruit setting, fertilizer and water should be controlled, otherwise the flowers and fruits will fall easily. Seedlings grow rapidly, so apply more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Apply more phosphorus fertilizer before flowering and budding.

(2) Loosen the soil before fertilization so that fertilizer and water can penetrate quickly and be easily absorbed. Also, be careful not to let fertilizer and water fall on leaves and buds, which will affect growth. Acidic fertilizers such as human feces, superphosphate, and ammonium carbonate cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash and ammonia water, otherwise they will be neutralized and lose their fertilizer effect. Acidic fertilizers should be used for alkaline potting soil, and alkaline fertilizers should be used for acidic potting soil. Fertilization should not be done with a single type of fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium can improve fertilizer efficiency. Inorganic fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer can prolong fertilizer efficiency and prevent soil compaction. It can also improve soil ventilation, water infiltration, water retention, and fertilizer retention.

(3) When fertilizing on the balcony, pay attention to environmental hygiene and be careful not to dirty the clothes drying on the balcony downstairs, which would affect neighborhood relations.

How to pot flower seedlings?

Potting refers to the beginning of flower cultivation in pots, also known as potting. Large seedlings of woody flowers are generally potted from early December to late March when the flowers and trees are dormant or just sprouting. Otherwise, it will affect normal growth and development and weaken the tree vigor. It will take a long time to rejuvenate. For concentrated cutting propagation, the seedlings should be divided and potted in time after they have roots and leaves. New seedlings should be potted when they are mature. For most perennial flowers, they should be potted when the young buds begin to sprout.

When planting bare-root seedlings (without soil on the roots of the seedlings), it is advisable to plant the delicate seedlings or those with severe root damage in plain sandy soil for a period of time. Pay attention to wind protection in spring and shade in summer when necessary. After the root system is strong, turn the pot over and plant it in culture soil. Strong bare-root seedlings or seedlings with soil on their roots, as well as perennial flowers, can be planted in culture soil according to the growth and habits of the seedlings, and some base fertilizer can be added appropriately.

Before planting, choose an appropriate flower pot according to the size and growth rate of the seedlings, and be careful not to plant small seedlings in a large pot. When using a new pot, soak it with water first. Old pots often have water stains and debris, so they should be cleaned. Pad the pot holes with tiles or block them with weeds. For flowers that are afraid of waterlogging, a 1-4 cm thick layer of residues or coarse sand and stones sifted from the culture soil should be used as a drainage layer at the bottom of the pot according to the size of the pot. Broken tiles should be used as a drainage layer for pottery and porcelain pots, and the drainage layer should be thicker than that of a tile pot. A layer of subsoil is laid on the drainage layer. Its thickness depends on the depth of the pot and the size of the plant. Generally, the soil is filled to the original planting depth of the plant when potting. Plants with strong stems and roots can be planted deeply, but those with fleshy stems and roots should not be planted too deep. There should be a water outlet at the top of the pot. The depth of the water outlet

should be based on the amount of water that can penetrate into the bottom of the pot when it is filled once. When potting bare-root seedlings, the subsoil should be piled into a small hill in the center of the pot. One hand should be used to straighten the seedlings so that the roots can be evenly spread out. The other hand should be used to fill the soil. The seedlings should be gently lifted up as they are filled so that the roots extend downward at a 45° angle. For flowers with long roots, the seedlings can be rotated when potting so that the long roots are evenly coiled in the pot. After potting any flowers, the soil must be piled up firmly. Do not leave the soil empty below and solid above or with holes. Compacting by hand can easily damage the roots. The soil for potting requires moisture, that is, it can be lumped together and scattered when kneaded. After potting, it is advisable to place it in a sheltered, damp place without watering for the time being. When the weather is dry, you can spray water at any time to protect the seedlings. Generally, it should be watered thoroughly after 4-48 hours. This can not only prevent the roots from rotting and shrinking, but also promote the rapid growth and rejuvenation of new roots. After placing it in a shaded place for about 7 days, it can be moved to a sunny place or under a shade shed according to the habits of the seedlings, and then transferred to normal maintenance.

Combined with potting, the plants should be pruned, and the long fibrous roots, diseased and dead branches, and overly dense branches and leaves should be cut off. For overly weak plants and flowers and trees that bloom on branches of the current year, they can be cut off 10 cm from the base of the stem to promote the growth and development of strong branches.

Why do potted flowers need to be repotted? How to turn the pot and repot?

After 1-3 years of cultivation, the roots of potted flowers and trees are all over the pots, the nutrients in the pot soil are exhausted, and the pot soil is alkaline due to long-term watering. The soil is compacted, the air permeability is poor, and it does not retain water. Even if topdressing is often applied, the flowers and trees will not grow well. At the same time, as flowers and trees grow up, the original flower pots are no longer suitable for their growth and development, so they need to be turned over and repotted.

Turning over and repotting are regular tasks for flower cultivation. If potted flowers are not turned over and repotted for many years, they will not grow well. By turning over and repotting, the size of the flower pot can be made proportional to the seedlings and the nutritional conditions can be improved.

Turning over pots generally means transplanting the seedlings that have grown for a period of time after being potted into a larger pot, or moving the seedlings that were originally potted with plain sand and bare roots into culture soil for planting. When turning over pots, the original soil mass does not move, and there is no damage to the roots and the above-ground parts. Therefore, the time for turning over pots is generally not limited by the season.

When turning over pots, the original pot soil should not be too wet or too dry. When the plant is out of the pot, use the index finger and middle finger of one hand to clamp the base of the plant, and the palm of the hand is close to the soil surface; lift the bottom of the pot with the other hand and turn it over, and use the palm to gently remove the edge of the pot, and the whole mass can be removed, then remove the drainage layer at the bottom of the soil mass, and plant the outer fibrous roots in a large pot with a little tidying.

Repotting refers to the process of shaping and pruning the potted flowers that have been cultivated to maintain their beautiful shape and long-term vigorous growth before they sprout in spring. Repotting is usually done before budding in spring. Wintersweets, camellias, plum blossoms, and winter jasmines that bloom in early spring can be repotted after they bloom. Jasmine, roses, hibiscus, pomegranates, and other fast-growing and blooming potted flowers should be repotted every year. Camellias, azaleas, citrus, pine, and cypresses that grow slowly can be repotted once every 2-3 years. Do not water the pots a few days before repotting so that the potting soil can separate from the potting wall. Cut off 1/3 of the soil in the original soil ball, and cut off some of the coiled roots and old roots. For potted flowers that have been finalized, the original plant can be repotted. Generally, a larger pot is used. After removing the pot, the fibrous roots and rotten roots should be removed, and part of the original soil should be removed and replaced with culture soil. Some flowers can also be divided in combination with repotting.

Some practices and maintenance methods for repotting and repotting are basically the same as those for potting.

What should I do if the roots of the plant are full in the pot?

At what state should potted foliage plants be repotted? This depends on whether the soil on the surface of the pot is swollen, or roots emerge from the holes at the bottom of the pot. This means that the roots in the pot are full. At this time, the pot should be repotted and the soil should be changed in time, otherwise the plant will weaken due to malnutrition or airtightness.

First, the plant should be removed from the pot, and the old and rotten roots should be cut off. You can also shake off some of the old soil on the roots. Find a larger pot, put a few small stones at the bottom of the pot, fill in a small amount of new soil first, put the plant in the pot, and then gradually add new soil until it is filled and compacted.

If you only want to change the soil and do not change the size of the pot, you should shake off 1/3 of the old soil on the roots and cut off 1/3 of the old leaves, so that the roots can absorb water and the leaves can evaporate water to maintain a balance.

Why are some grass flowers not suitable for transplanting?

Flowers with taproots that are not suitable for transplanting have straight taproots and very few lateral roots. After the taproot is cut off during transplanting, the lateral roots do not grow vigorously and the ability to absorb nutrients is reduced, so it is difficult for transplanting to survive or grow poorly. Morning glory, poppy, and californica belong to this category. This kind of flowers is best cultivated by direct seeding. If transplanting is required, it can be transplanted in a small pot soon after germination. After the seedlings grow up, they can be transplanted without damaging the taproot.

Some flowers are not resistant to transplanting, such as violets and osmanthus, which cannot be transplanted multiple times or bare-rooted. When transplanting, try to make large clumps, not scattered clumps.

Why do some flowers need to be transplanted several times?

Cultivated flowers are usually raised in batches to beautify the environment or arrange flower beds, which require neatness and beauty. However, it is often found that the survival rate of some flowers planted in flower beds is not high or they grow very weak, and the ideal beautification effect cannot be achieved. The main reason is that during the seedling raising process, the transplanting and squatting measures are not favorable. Some herbaceous flowers, such as Impatiens, Asters, Zinnias, and Marigolds, are easy to grow tall and fall over. To cultivate short, neat, drought-resistant, and waterlogged seedlings, you need to transplant and squat the seedlings several times during cultivation. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, they should be separated with bare roots in time, with a row spacing of 10 cm. Water them after planting, and water them again after 2-3 days to slow down the growth of the seedlings. Then, when the topsoil is not sticky, loosen the soil and squat the seedlings in time. The squatting time depends on the weather. Generally, it takes about 1 week. When the seedlings wilt at noon, start watering and combine with fertilization. After fertilization, the seedlings grow significantly and water them again. When the branches and leaves of the rows are overlapping, transplant the seedlings again. When transplanting the seedlings, cut off the main root to promote the proliferation of lateral roots. The diameter of the cut is 8-10 cm. After planting, water them twice to slow down the growth of the seedlings. Loosen the soil in time for each subsequent watering, and combine watering with fertilization. From sowing to planting in the flower bed, after 2-3 transplanting, the grass and flowers grow vigorously, do not wilt after planting, and are neat and uniform. The grass and flowers raised at home should not be planted too densely. There should also be a squatting process during the seedling growth stage, and the soil should be loosened and fertilized frequently to thrive. The cutting propagation of saffron and chrysanthemums should also be cultivated in the same way to grow ideal seedlings.

What tasks are included in the pruning of flowers and trees?

Pruning is one of the important means to grow flowers and trees well. All flowers and trees will lose their ornamental value if they are allowed to grow naturally. Pruning can not only create a good plant shape, but also regulate the reasonable distribution and supply of nutrients in the body, prevent the growth of branches and leaves, and is conducive to the differentiation and formation of flower buds; it can also create good ventilation and light conditions to reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. Flower and tree pruning mainly includes the following six tasks:

(1) Shortening Cutting off 1/3-3/4 of the tip of the branch is called shorting. Its purpose is to stop the endless extension of the branch and promote the germination of the axillary buds below the cut, so as to grow more side branches to increase the flowering area, make the plant shape fuller and rounder, and prevent the tree from being hollow inside. In order to make the crown extend to the periphery and the branches at all levels have clear layers, the cut should be located above an axillary bud growing outward. After the cut bud germinates, the extension branch of the mother branch can extend to the periphery of the crown to avoid the formation of inward branches.

(2) Thinning When the branches inside the plant are too dense, they should be partly thinned out from the base. The objects of thinning are cross branches, parallel branches, inward branches, diseased branches and aging branches to prevent the tree shape from being disordered and make them have clear layers, which is conducive to ventilation, light transmission and flowering. When thinning, the unwanted branches should be cut close to the cortex of the mother branch and no stumps should be left.

(3) Pinching: Cutting off or removing the top buds of branches is called pinching. Herbaceous flowers such as early chrysanthemums, impatiens, asters, and phlox all need to be pinched. If they are left to grow naturally, they can only grow into a very tall single-stem plant with few flowers and cannot form a round and plump cluster. After pinching the growth point of the main branch, the plant can be stopped from growing taller and the axillary buds can be stimulated to germinate and form many side branches. After pinching the side branches, more secondary side branches can be formed, which doubles the number of flowering sites.

(4) Bud removal: Removing the axillary buds on the branches is called bud removal. When cultivating single-stem chrysanthemums, dahlias and other potted flowers with very large flowers, in order to cultivate only one large single flower in a pot and make the variety characteristics more prominent, the side buds between the leaf axils should be removed one by one in time, leaving only the top buds at the tip to grow, and finally the top buds differentiate into flower buds and bloom, to prevent the consumption of nutrients due to the formation of side branches. In addition to removing the side teeth, bud removal also includes removing the foot buds that grow in the pot soil.

(5) Bud stripping In order to ensure the quality of the flowers and increase the diameter of each flower head, the number of flowers must be reduced. Chrysanthemums, dahlias, peonies, and peonies can produce several buds on a branch. If they are allowed to bloom at the same time, the flowers will inevitably be thin. Therefore, after the flower buds appear, most of them only retain the main bud in the center and remove the surrounding secondary buds.

(6) Flower thinning For most fruit-bearing flowers, the number of flowers usually exceeds the number of fruits. If the flowers are not thinned and they are allowed to grow into young fruits, a large part of these young fruits will naturally fall off, consuming a lot of nutrients in vain. The remaining fruits cannot guarantee the quality. It is better to thin out the overcrowded flower spikes during the flowering period. However, it does not mean that the number of fruits left on each branch is equal to the number of flowers left, because the flowers left may not all be stable. Therefore, the number of flowers left should be equal to 2-3 times the expected number of fruits. After the fruits are basically stable (late June to early July), the excess young fruits can be thinned out.

How to prune and shape foliage plants?

Some large foliage plants, such as rubber trees, Guanyin bamboo, coconut palms, monstera, Schefflera, etc., have large bodies. If they are pruned frequently, they can promote plant growth and make them strong and beautiful. Cutting the top can make the plant leaves dense and symmetrical, and prevent leggy growth; cutting off the excess side buds can make the plant upright and tall.

Some smaller plants, such as Pilea, Peperomia, and Aloe, need to be pruned to appear beautiful and lush. Therefore, it is necessary to cut off the bad branches before the new buds begin to grow to maintain a beautiful shape.

In order to prevent foliage plants from growing arbitrarily, a certain height must be determined. Therefore, the top buds of the stems or branches should be cut off frequently to inhibit growth and make them dwarfed or clumped. This is different from the pruning principle of general outdoor plants.

Will long-term indoor flower cultivation affect health?

Some people worry that long-term indoor placement of plants will affect human health, but this is actually groundless worry. During the day, plants perform photosynthesis, releasing much more oxygen than they need for their own breathing. Although they stop photosynthesis at night, their breathing is also very weak. Especially for foliage plants, their breathing is weaker than that of flowering plants (flowering plants breathe the most during the bud and flowering stages), and they need less oxygen.

Someone once did such an experiment: through respiration, one molecule of oxygen can produce one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the amount of oxygen required to light two matches is equivalent to the amount of breathing of two or three pots of indoor plants overnight. It can be seen that the carbon dioxide exhaled by ornamental plants is negligible. From this point of view, indoor plants have no effect on human health. On the contrary, many indoor ornamental plants are beneficial to people. For example, begonia, asparagus, asparagus, etc., in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide gas, can also separate bactericidal substances, which have the effect of preventing colds, typhoid fever, laryngitis and other diseases. In addition, plants can reduce indoor dust, clean the air, increase negative oxygen ions, and make people live in a fresh and healthy environment.

Why are most modern indoor ornamental plants dominated by foliage plants?

People cannot live without nature. In today's world, in cities with tall buildings, people cannot have courtyards and green spaces. They can only use indoor plants to bring the freshness of nature into their homes. Among indoor plants, foliage plants have an absolute advantage. Placing a few pots of ornamental plants in the bedroom, study or reception room not only adds color to the family, but also makes you feel refreshed and relaxed when you glance at the verdant and colorful green "artworks" you have cultivated yourself after work or when you are "writing".

Foliage plants have leaves of various shapes and colors, and can be evergreen all year round. Therefore, they can be appreciated all year round without being restricted by seasons, especially the posture and color of their leaves. Secondly, foliage plants are more shade-tolerant and prefer warm and humid environments. In terms of light and nutrients, they have much lower requirements than flowering and fruiting plants.

Some flowering plants also have the characteristics of foliage plants, such as oleander, orchid, Clivia, flamingo, strelitzia, dwarf Kalanchoe, etc.

Foliage plants are ideal materials for indoor greening and decoration. At present, foliage plants are still in their infancy. Although they have occupied major hotels and restaurants, they have not yet been popularized in home rooms. I believe that in the near future, foliage plants will enter thousands of households.

What kinds of foliage plants are suitable for home cultivation?

Some plants are not outstanding in flowers, but in leaves. Their biggest feature is that they are not restricted by the blooming and falling of flowers, and can be appreciated at any time of the year. Among them, there are those that are shaped, such as Monstera, Golden Plate, Palm Bamboo, Asparagus Fern, Nephrolepis, etc. There are also those that are pleasing to the eye, such as redwood, red maple, red-backed laurel, purple spider grass, etc. There are also those that are luxuriant in both shape and color, such as coleus, purple velvet, and variegated dieffenbachia, etc. There are also Clivia, Pearl Orchid, Four Seasons Orchid, etc., which are both pleasing to the eye in terms of flowers and leaves. Placing a few pots in the home room will create a unique and novel beauty and fun. The following are some easy-to-cultivate species suitable for home use:

(1) Coleus, a perennial herb. The leaves are opposite and oval, with pointed tips and serrated edges. The leaves are yellow, green, red, purple, etc. The same leaf may also be mixed with several colors or have various color patterns. It is colorful and very gorgeous and charming. It is an excellent foliage flower.

It likes warm and humid semi-shaded environment. It is propagated by cuttings. In summer, it is placed under an outdoor shade shed or in a place not exposed to direct sunlight. In winter, it is placed in the study and living room. It is very elegant and generous.

(2) Cycas, commonly known as iron tree. The stem is thick and upright, without branches, and brown-black. The pinnate compound leaves are clustered at the top of the stem. They are elegant and graceful, firm and green, and look solemn and majestic.

It likes sunshine and warmth, is drought-resistant, and avoids waterlogging. Although it tolerates semi-shaded, if there is a lack of light during the germination period in summer and autumn, the newly grown leaves will be long and thin, and the ornamental value will be greatly reduced. Generally, topdressing is applied 2-4 times a year, and ferrous sulfate is often applied, so that the leaves are emerald green. Repot once every 2-3 years and bring it indoors for the winter. For those who grow it on the balcony at home, it is more beautiful to choose a small and curved one. In ancient times, it was said that a thousand-year-old cycad would bloom, but nowadays it is not uncommon to see cycads bloom after more than 20 years. Place a small pot of cycads on the coffee table next to the sofa to enjoy a miniature view of "southern scenery".

(3) Nephrolepis nephrolepis, also known as centipede grass, is a perennial evergreen herb in the fern family. It has tubers, clustered leaves, pinnate, and sessile pinnae. It likes shade and humidity, is cold-resistant, and likes slightly acidic loose soil. It can be propagated by division. In summer, place it in the shade of the balcony, water it frequently, sprinkle water on the leaves, and often spray water on the leaves to increase the air humidity of the balcony. In winter, bring it indoors for the winter, and control watering so that the soil in the pot does not dry out.

(4) Indian rubber tree, an evergreen tree. The leaves are 10-30 cm long, oval or oblong, thick and smooth leathery, dark green and shiny on the upper side, and light green on the lower side. It likes high temperature, high humidity and abundant sunshine. It is also shade-tolerant and is a foliage plant suitable for balcony cultivation.

It can be propagated by cuttings. In June, new shoots are taken as cuttings. The white latex flowing out of the cut is washed off with warm water. After drying, it is directly inserted into a pot and placed in a shaded place for more than a month to take root. Although it tolerates shade, it grows quickly in a sunny place and can grow to more than 1 meter in the same year of cutting. It is tolerant to rough conditions and easy to cultivate. It can safely overwinter if the room temperature is above 5℃ in winter. It needs to be repotted every 2-3 years.

(5) Aspidistra, also known as spider egg. The leaves grow from underground stems. The rhizomes are creeping and have scales. The stalks grow from the internodes of the stems. Each stalk has one leaf and grows in a cluster. The leaves are 40-65 cm long and 15 cm wide in the middle. They are green all year round and have a graceful posture. From flowering to fruiting, everything is completed in the soil. Its berries are spherical, like spider eggs, hence the name. There are two variants: Sprinkled Gold Aspidistra, with white-gold star spots on the leaves; White-striped Aspidistra, with yellow-white vertical stripes on the leaves. Both have high ornamental value, but poor cold resistance and rooting, and slightly sparse leaves. Aspidistra is suitable for indoor potted plants, placed in halls, study rooms, corridors, and windowsills, making the environment elegant and giving people a lively and beautiful enjoyment.

Aspidistra likes warm shade and humidity, avoids dryness and fears cold, and the pot soil should be sandy loam containing humus. In summer, it should be placed in a ventilated and cool place, keep the pot soil moist, and apply decomposed, thin cake fertilizer liquid once every half a month; in winter, bring it indoors for wintering, keep it above 0℃ to avoid frost damage. When repotting in spring, carry out division propagation, and each clump of tillers should leave 4-5 leaves. Leave too few leaves to avoid affecting the spread of rhizomes and leafing. The soil should not be too deep, pay attention to shade and watering, it is easy to survive, and no special management is required.

(6) The four-season lotus, also known as "small-season lotus" or "small-season lotus" is named because its leaves are similar to "small-season lotus" and its big red flowers are also similar to "lotus". Its flowering period is special, and it blooms from April to withering in May. When it is cultivated properly, it can still be bright again in autumn, and is the best among succulents.

(7) The leaves of the pearl orchid are like jasmine, with flexible branches and drooping. Put a pot on the wardrobe or bookcase, which is full of fun. It can also bloom like rice, which is pleasant tone. Pearl orchid is the strongest tolerant, and there is a saying that "the jasmine that cannot be dead, and the yin of the pearl orchid is endless."

(8) Monstera, a large leaf-viewing plant, is suitable for being arranged in a larger room. Monstera leaves have a strange shape like taro leaves, with oval holes in the middle, which is like the back shell of a turtle, symbolizing "longevity". : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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: : : : : It can take root and grow on a narrow ground of 0.2-0.5 square meters, which is very suitable for growing in flower boxes with few open spaces outside the home and small flower boxes on the balcony. It grows fast, and some varieties can grow 2-6 meters in a year, and its tender branches are 5-10 times that of trees and shrubs. It can achieve a good decorative effect within 2-3 years. It is a good type of quickly decorating the environment and balcony.

In the high temperature of summer, the family balcony makes people dry and hot; the west-facing windows and walls that are dry and dry greatly increase the room temperature, making it sultry and unbearable. For example, planting vines on the balcony and next to the windows to build shade sheds, or climbing climbing plants on the walls as shade curtains, will reduce the room temperature by several degrees. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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When purchasing at the market, choose plants with bright leaves, luster, and no yellow leaves and spots. Also look at the pores at the bottom of the pot, and choose those with no fibrous roots. In addition, it is better to have neat and beautiful plants, grow vigorously, and have no branches.

On the way home, you should use a plastic bag to cover the plants you just bought to prevent wind or damage. Due to bumpy roads, the shaking of the plant will cause the roots to loosen. After returning home, the plant should be placed in a wetland area without strong light and well-ventilated, keep the soil in the pot to moisten and make its roots grow. After a few days of raising the seedlings, the plant can adapt to the indoor growth environment.

How to choose a flower pot when it starts to grow?

Potted flowers and trees, the material and volume of the pots have a great impact on the growth of flowers and trees, so it is very important to choose a flower pot. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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: : : : : Basins with poor quality have an incorrect appearance, insufficient heat, uneven color, dull sound, and cannot withstand the erosion of water and fertilizer, and will soon crack. The pores of the pot convex inward and the bottom of the pot are uneven, which can easily cause water and be unfavorable for flower cultivation.

(2) The plastic pot is light, easy to use, not break, durable, and the inside and outside of the pot walls are smooth. It is not only easy to knock soil when changing the pot, but also easy to wash and disinfect. However, it is not breathable and water-seeking, and is only suitable for planting water-resistant flowers and trees, such as umbrella grass, Monstera, Calla lily, Guangdong Peruvian, or flowers and trees that prefer warmth, such as ferns, spider plants, purple duck plant grass, winter coral, night lilac, etc.

There is currently a plastic basin for washing rice and vegetables on the market, which is shaped like a washbasin, the bottom of the pot, and the surroundings are covered with fine pores, with various specifications of 20-35 cm diameter, and can also be used to plant flowers. Because the pot walls are porous, mud and water are easy to leak. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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The flower stand extends out of the three sides outside the balcony. Steel bars or wooden boards should be used to make a barrier about 15 cm high to prevent the flower pot from falling. Some flower stands on the balcony do not have this barrier. When drying clothes on the balcony or doing other housework, they may accidentally knock the flower pot off, and hurting things are also heard. This must attract the attention of flower growers on the balcony.

Any empty flower stand made of steel bars or wooden slats should be added to the flower stand, and then put into the flower stand. This will not only prevent the wind from pouring into the flower pot from under the flower stand, but also like a flower pot on the ground, it will be greatly damp, which is beneficial to the growth of the pot. More importantly, it is covered by plastic film and other objects, and watering and fertilizing will not leak directly to the lower balcony. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : It is better to plant small vines and slow-leaving plants with smaller leaves in the shade shed. Because the area of ​​the shade shed is not large, honeysuckle and wood fragrance are the most ideal. Although Lingxiao is a large vine, its leaves are smaller and the sunlight penetrates into the gaps, and the shade effect is better than that of grapes with large leaves. If you want to make the shade higher, you can also plant some herbal climbing plants, such as rosy, morning glory, lentils, etc., which have better beautification effect.

Where is the best place for large leaf viewing plants indoors?

Those that grow more than 1.2 meters are generally called large leaf viewing plants, and they are mostly woody.

Common large leaf viewing plants include cycad, Araucaria, rubber tree, Monstera, Monstera, Nantian Bamboo, Flexible Wood, Star Anise Gold Pan, Oleander, Brown Bamboo, Red Banana, Dragon Blood Tree, Green Ivy making totem poles, ivy, etc. These plants have a chic shape, are full of courage, and have a large decoration range, which is suitable for placement in larger rooms. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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Small and medium-sized leaf-viewing plants are much richer in variety and color than large plants. They mainly include: various ferns, bean green, red mulberry, poinsettia, Clivia, four-season crabapple, colorful leaf clover, cold water flowers, flower-leaf green, flamingo, flower-leaf taro, dry umbrella grass, spider eggs, vera, swallow palm, purple goose, jade sedum, aloe, mermaid, asparagus, pineapple, arrowroot, tiger tail orchid, etc.

For these plants, they can be placed on windowsills, flower stands, coffee tables, writing tables, etc. According to their ecological conditions and the size and shape of the plants, they can be placed on windowsills, flower stands, coffee tables, and writing tables. Otherwise, they will give people a dazzling feeling. In the living room of young people, more colorful plants, such as colored mermaid, flower-leaf taro and purple goose velvet; in the living room of the elderly, more plants with fresh and elegant colors, such as Heguo taro, Xilin taro and Douban green. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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: : To grow flowers well, you must at least have the following three basic knowledge.

(1) To understand the functions of various organs of flowers and trees, flowers and trees generally have six types of organs, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The roots can fix flowers and trees in the soil and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Stems can support leaves, flowers, and fruits, and transport water, nutrients and organic nutrients made from leaves. Leaves can produce organic nutrients, and also perform respiration and transpiration. Although the functions of the three organs, roots, stems, and leaves, are related to the nutrition of flowers and trees, so they are all nutritional organs.

Flowers and trees bloom after they grow and mature, and the flowers fade and bear fruit, and the fruit contains seeds. The mature seeds fall in a suitable environment and grow new flowers and trees. Flowers, fruits, seeds, etc. are all related to reproductive offspring, so they are all reproductive organs.

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: However, artificial methods can be used to remedy the lack of light.

If the daylight time is too short, you can use fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps to increase light for several hours every night, and the light they emit can also enable plants to photosynthesis. However, the intensity of light is limited, so, close fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps to 30-40 cm from the plant. For example, African violets need sufficient sunlight. Every night, they can bloom and flourish under the table lamp indoors. But this is only about 5%-10% of the sunlight.

Some people also have a mirror next to the sun facing window to refract the light to the dark indoors, so that the plants placed in the dark can grow by refracting light. This can also enhance the light.

Why is watering the key to growing flowers?

A flower proverb says: "Whether you live is water, and whether you grow is fat." Watering is the key to the success or failure of growing flowers. Many beginners are confused about the question of how much watering is: "The book says it should not be too much, not too little, so why is it not too much?" In fact, the amount of watering depends on what kind of flowers are planted. Do this kind of flowers like dryness, or wetness, or semi-dry. Never treat it no matter what kind of flowers. If you plant 10 pots of flowers at home, you should water them together and dry them together. Water is the source of plant life, but an excessively humid soil environment will make the roots of some dry-like flowers unable to breathe, and then the roots rot and die, and the roots die, and the flowers will certainly not live. Therefore, if you want to grow flowers well, the first step is to understand the water requirements of each flower. First of all, feed them, and the next step is to talk about flowering.

How to water potted flowers?

Potted flowers are limited by specific environmental conditions. Watering operations are not only troublesome, but also the key to success or failure. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : If the rain suddenly comes after summer or is stuffy at night, water should be sprayed to cool down and prevent diseases; spray the leaves at any time to prevent the residual water points and dust on the leaves from condensed into stains, which is not easy to remove.

Watering potted flowers is a regular labor, and the above methods should be flexibly used, step by step, and persistent.

How to master the principles of watering potted flowers such as "dry thorough watering" and "dry wet"?

These watering principles are summarized based on the habit of watering flowers and trees. For example, wintersweet, plum blossom, hydrangea, dahlia, geranium, etc. that like dry and fear watering must be watered according to the principle of "dry thorough watering". Only when the surface of the pot soil is dry can it be watered. "Water thoroughly" means not to water "half watering", and watering the potted soil is soaked. If it is not watered thoroughly, the tip of the root cannot absorb water, which will affect growth. But watering thoroughly does not mean leaking, often leaking, and excessive fertilizer loss will also affect growth.

Flowers such as rhododendrons, camellia, roses, gardenia, Milan, Nantian Bamboo, Eight Immortals, and Viagra, should be watered according to the principle of "see dryness and wetness". Water them when they see the soil in the pot turn white, and water them until they are wet. Do not wait until the soil in the pot is dry, nor can they be watered heavily. The soil in the pot should be dry and wet, and it should not be dry for a long time, nor should it be wet, but should be wet. If

the soil in the pot likes large water, such as centipede grass, calla lily, Monstera, and Dry Umbrella grass, they should be watered according to the principle of "not wetness than dryness" and the soil in the pot should be kept wet and not dehydrated.

For flowers such as pineaceae and pulp and succulents, for flowers that like dryness and drought, they should be watered according to the principle of "not wetness than wetness", and they should be watered only after dryness, and they should never be watered.

What is the reason why watering the potted flowers is not easy to seep?

When watering potted flowers, water accumulates on the surface of the pot soil and does not seep easily for a long time. There are several reasons:

(1) The potted flowers have not been repotted for many years, and the roots are covered with flesh in the pot, making the water difficult to seep.

(2) The tiles on the bottom hole of the pot are improperly laid, blocking the holes, or the gravel layer at the bottom of the pot is too thin, or the gravel drainage layer is not laid, resulting in poor water seepage.

(3) The newly-topped pot soil is clay soil, which does not contain organic matter or fine sand, so it is difficult to seep water.

In the above situation, loam rich in organic matter should be selected. If the clay is formed, some fine sand should be added appropriately, repotted, and too many fibrous roots will be cut off over time. Otherwise, the leaves will fall off and accumulate water and rot and die.

How to prune flowers to urge flowers to sit and fruit?

Flowers that cultivate flowers that appreciate flowers or view fruits should have beautiful shapes, lush flowers and lush leaves, and fruits should be viewed in time. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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In mid- and late May, place bamboo curtains on the windowsill to shade the sun, place the shade-loving rhododendrons, camellia, orchids, auspicious fragrance, hosta, and pearl orchids on the flower stand under the bamboo curtain, and often spray leaf water and sprinkle water around the window to increase air humidity. The slurry plants that like sun, as well as jasmine, Milan, crape myrtle, pomegranate, etc., are still planted on the balcony flower stand. Rose, gardenia, begonia, geranium, etc. should also be shaded at 12:00-14:00. Clivia, vermilion, water bamboo, spider plants, etc. are placed indoor ventilation to prevent direct sunlight. In the moldy and

rainy season in June, do not let the potted flowers get wet in the rain and lose weight. If water is watered in the pot, the flower pot should be lying down to facilitate drainage. Otherwise, the root system will be suffocated due to excessive water and the root system will rot and die. When the humidity is high and the temperature is high, pay attention to observation and strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

In addition to fertilization of jasmine, Milan, crape myrtle, begonia, etc. that can also bloom in hot seasons, other potted flowers should be stopped. In summer, the dormant or semi-dormant kyphosis, garlic, cyclamen, geranium, poinsettia, calla lily, and lotus should not be fertilized.

When watering, you should master the principle that the evaporation amount in the rainy season is low, and the potting soil should be dry. As the temperature rises, the watering volume should also be increased. Watering should be thorough in the morning and evening at high temperatures. Loosen the soil frequently so that the water can be easily watered, and the permeability of the potting soil will be good, which is conducive to the growth of the plant. While watering, do a good job of sprinkling the surrounding environment to reduce the temperature. In

addition to strengthening environmental ventilation, for potted flowers with lush branches and leaves, some too dense branches and leaves should be sprinkled off to make ventilation and light-transmissive growth, and it is also beneficial to the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

How to overwinter the leaves?

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: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :Therefore, the seedlings for flower bushes and flower beds should be cultivated in a separate flower garden, that is, they should be sown and transplanted. If conditions permit, they can be potted for maintenance, which is more reliable. When the flowering period is approaching and the buds are about to bloom, select seedlings with good growth and uniform height and pots to be transported to the flower bed, and planted with soil at one time according to the specified size. If it is planted in the ground, the seedlings should be transported to the flower bed with soil balls, so that the height of the trees can be better guaranteed and the flowers will bloom neatly. The planting distance of the flower bushes and flower beds is based on the standard that the branches and leaves of the seedlings are in contact and do not expose the soil surface. Generally, triangular planting is more appropriate. What is soilless cultivation and soilless seedling raising? Now, most of the potted flowers and trees are cultivated in soil. That is to say, the nutrients in the soil are absorbed by the roots, which promotes the growth, flowering and fruiting of flowers and trees. In foreign countries, some countries have adopted hemp silk, vermiculite, etc., and added liquid fertilizer as the medium for flower cultivation. Now some areas have also begun to use this soilless cultivation method. Soilless seedling cultivation refers to the use of river sand, rice husk ash, vermiculite and water as seedling medium instead of soil as a medium for seedling cultivation. This method is now widely used in various places. How to carry out soilless cultivation? Using other substances instead of soil as a culture medium for potted flower cultivation is called soilless cultivation. Although soil is not used, a variety of flowers and trees can be cultivated. It has the advantages of water and fertilizer retention, easy operation, and no disadvantages of mud and heavy soil, so it is currently used by people. There are many ways of soilless cultivation, but most of the formulas are complicated, and the raw materials are difficult to gather, which is not suitable for home flower cultivation. The following introduces two simple and easy soilless cultivation materials. Sawdust culture medium uses 70% sawdust and 30% poultry manure, or crushed cake fertilizer, mixed and piled evenly, and some human feces and urine are added. After full fermentation, it can be used to cultivate flowers and trees. If some coal briquette ash is added, the air permeability and water permeability will be better. Vermiculite culture medium Vermiculite is a light mineral used as a heat-insulating material in industry. Mix vermiculite and fermented horse manure in a ratio of 4:1, and use it as a culture medium to cultivate flowers and trees. Horse manure is acidic, so it is suitable for cultivating flowers and trees that prefer acidic soil in the south. Both culture media are very loose, breathable and water-permeable, will not become hardened, and have strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, which is beneficial to the rooting and development of flowers and trees. When transplanting and potting, it is easy to operate without damaging the roots. Because of its light weight and the ease of obtaining raw materials, it is very suitable for home potted plants. What substrates are commonly used for soilless cultivation? The cultivation substrate mainly serves to fix the plant, retain water, store nutrients, and increase the air content. There are many substrates available for soilless cultivation of foliage plants. Common substrates include: perlite, vermiculite, ceramsite, sand, peat, sawdust, polystyrene foam, pumice, fiberglass, rock wool, cotton husk, bagasse, etc. The most commonly used is ceramsite, which has a certain specific gravity and has a good effect on fixing plants. Vermiculite belongs to the mica mineral class, has good water retention and buffering properties, and contains a small amount of minerals required by flowers. Rock wool is a new type of soilless substrate that has emerged abroad. It has the advantages of small specific gravity, clean and beautiful appearance, and is also commonly used in the design of roof gardens. The substrate can be used alone, mixed or layered. Ceramsite, rock wool and sand should be used alone, while perlite, vermiculite and peat can be mixed at a ratio of 1:1, and peat and sand should be mixed at a ratio of 3:1. When cultivating, the substrate should also be selected based on factors such as the size of the plant, the weight of the plant, water holding capacity and air capacity. After the substrate is selected, it is important to disinfect it. Families can use hot water, steaming, frying, or spraying several times with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution. Is there any way to grow flowers indoors without soil? Guangdong Evergreen can be grown indoors without soil. It is a perennial evergreen herb with nodes and no branches, so it is also called bamboo evergreen. The leaves are ovate or elliptical, 10-20 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, and emerald green. There are also variants with irregular golden spots on the leaves, which are all good varieties for indoor foliage viewing. Because Guangdong Evergreen likes warm and shaded environments, it can be grown indoors. It is extremely resistant to water and humidity, can be cultivated in water for a long time, and can grow and develop without soil. This method of cultivating flowers with water without soil is called hydroponics. Calla lily, Monstera, Colored Leaf Caladium, Water Bamboo and other moisture-loving flowers can be hydroponically cultivated, but Guangdong Evergreen is the easiest to hydroponically cultivate. The water contains trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, etc. As long as the water is changed frequently, it is enough for the growth of plants. However, the water lacks a large number of nutrients required by plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. For this reason, when hydroponics is carried out, 1 gram of ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be dissolved in 2-3 kg of water to make a nutrient solution. In the growing season, this nutrient solution can be used instead of water for soaking. If you want the plants to bloom, you can add 0.5 grams of boric acid to the prepared nutrient solution, which can promote flower bud differentiation and bud formation. Boric acid can also neutralize the slight alkali in the water and has an antiseptic effect. The nutrient solution is not used in winter and midsummer. In order to ensure the normal breathing of the root system, the water should be changed once every 2 days in summer, once every 3 days in spring and autumn, and once every 4-5 days in winter. When using nutrient solution, do not add nutrient solution due to evaporation, otherwise the solution will become more and more concentrated and the plant will be "burned to death". Only clean water can be added. The stems of Guangdong Evergreen are very easy to root. If you insert them into a bottle of clear water, you can not only enjoy the leaves for a long time, but also grow tender roots and become new plants. The juice of its stems and leaves is poisonous. When cutting and dividing the plants, be sure not to let the juice splash into your mouth or eyes. For potted plants, fertile, loose, slightly acidic soil can be used. As long as you avoid the sun and keep the pot soil moist, no special management is required. Can foliage plants grow in water? Some foliage plants can also grow completely submerged in water like aquatic plants. For example, Guangdong Evergreen, Syngonium, Spathiphyllum, Peperomia, and Brazilian wood can all grow well in water. Planting them in a transparent glass container has an unexpected ornamental effect. Many foliage plants originated from tropical rainforests with high temperature and high humidity. They like humid and hot environments and are not adapted to the dry conditions in home rooms. Therefore, some botanists also call these plants amphibious plants that grow on the ground in the dry season. Planting them in water is very natural and in line with the needs of such plants. When planting, choose a glass container that is higher than the plant, spread clean sand or stones, ceramsite, etc. on the bottom, and then plant the plant. Before planting, remove rotten roots and leaves and rinse with clean water several times. After planting, slowly pour clean water into the container, making sure to completely submerge the plant. After planting, change the water frequently until the plant grows new leaves, which indicates that the plant has fully adapted to life in the water. As for the issue of light, special attention should be paid. If the sun shines directly on the glass, algae will easily grow in the water, causing the water to be polluted. Therefore, it should be placed in a semi-shaded place during the day. To increase light, you can expose it to fluorescent light for 1-2 hours every night. How to use nutrient solution correctly? The container for filling nutrient solution should be made of ceramic, plastic or glass materials, not iron products, otherwise the nutrient solution will become ineffective. It is best to mix it as needed. The amount of solution should be determined according to the size of the plant and the volume of the flower pot. If the amount is too much, the plant cannot absorb it, and some even cause poisoning; if the amount is insufficient, it will not promote growth. The amount of fertilizer applied each time should be about 0.5% of the volume of the flower pot. Spring and summer are the peak growth periods of plants, and the amount of fertilizer required is relatively large. Generally, fertilizer is applied every half a month. In autumn, the amount of fertilizer should be gradually reduced, and it is sufficient to apply fertilizer once every 1-2 months. In winter, due to the low temperature, the plants enter a dormant period and stop growing, and no fertilizer is required. However, if the plants have already taken shape, even in the peak growth season, only a small amount of nutrient solution needs to be occasionally applied, once every 3-6 months. If fertilizer is applied too frequently, the plants will continue to grow, thus destroying their original shape. Since the substrate of soilless cultivation itself has no nutrients, it can only rely on nutrient solution to supply plant growth. Nutrient solution is both scientific and hygienic, and cannot be replaced by other fertilizers. How to harvest and store flower seeds? When harvesting grass flower seeds, the first thing to do is to grasp the maturity period and maturity of the seeds. When the seeds are mature, the petals are dry and the seeds are solid and shiny. At the same time, harvesting should be timely to avoid rotting or scattering in rainy weather. On the same plant, you should select seeds that bloom and mature early for seed preservation. If you find that the flowers or colors are mutated, you should collect and plant them separately. The method of collecting flower seeds varies with the types of grass flowers. Some can pick the whole flower, air-dry it and take the seeds, such as cockscomb and safflower; some can rub the fruit to remove the pulp, dry it in the sun and remove the seeds, such as golden eggplant and winter coral. Some seeds are easy to break and lose after maturity. When the fruit turns from green to yellow, you should touch the seeds and collect them in time, such as wind fairy flower and pansy. Common methods for collecting flower seeds include dry storage, sand storage, and water storage. Dry storage: Most flowers can dry their seeds in the shade, remove debris and put them in bottles or thick paper bags, such as safflower and cyclamen. Place them in a room with good air circulation, and the room temperature should not change much (5--10℃). Sand storage: Cover the harvested seeds with moist sand, and keep the soil temperature at 0--5℃. This type of seeds has a dormant period under natural conditions, and should be taken out one month before sowing, such as peony and peony. Water storage: Some seeds should be soaked in water after harvesting, such as water lilies, and the water temperature should be maintained at 5°C. All kinds of seeds should not be exposed to the sun, and should be stored in a dark place, paying attention to moisture and rodent damage. What are the common methods for sowing grass flowers? Sowing grass flowers is commonly used by broadcasting, row sowing and spot sowing. Broadcasting: Commonly used for smaller seeds, such as aster, Dutch chrysanthemum, snapdragon, etc. Before sowing, first finely press the soil, and after 1-2 hours of watering, evenly spread the seeds in the ridges or flower pots, and cover them with fine soil until the seeds are invisible. For ridge sowing, it is best to cover with film and reed curtains in spring, and only cover with reed curtains in autumn; before sowing, water thoroughly, and generally no watering is required before germination. If necessary, water can be sprayed with a fine-mouthed spray bottle. For sowing in pots, cover with glass and newspaper to keep moisture and heat; soak the pot with water when necessary, but do not water directly, otherwise the seeds will be washed out or accumulated aside, affecting the germination rate. After the young shoots emerge from the soil, gradually remove the covering.For particularly small seeds such as rock-tongue, thin-wrapped flower, four-season begonia, etc., the seeds should be mixed with 3-4 times the fine sand and sown in the flower pot without covering with soil. Row sowing: make shallow furrows in the ridge or pot soil, sow the seeds into the furrows and flatten them. Other management is the same as broadcast sowing. Row sowing is mostly used for taproot flowers that are not suitable for transplanting, such as poppies and morning glory. Spot sowing: large seeds can be sown one by one, such as Mirabilis jalapa and nasturtium, and the thickness of the soil covering is equivalent to about 3 times the diameter of the seeds. After the seeds germinate, they should be properly watered and squatted. If they are too dense, they should be thinned out in time to keep them ventilated and light-permeable. When 2-3 true leaves grow, they can be planted separately. Those that are resistant to transplanting can be transplanted 1-2 times, such as aster and impatiens, and then planted in flower pots or flower beds. Some herbaceous flowers are not suitable for transplanting, such as poppies and morning glory, so it is best not to transplant them. It is very important to correctly grasp the sowing period of various seed flowers. Calceolaria and Cineraria grow well in autumn; Zinnia has a long growth period and is suitable for spring sowing. How to sow for home flower cultivation? Asparagus, Clivia and one- and two-year-old grass flowers are propagated by sowing. Choose strong and fresh seeds from excellent mother plants. Some seeds have hard seed coats and need to be processed to facilitate germination. For example, the seed shell of lotus is hard, and the top must be worn and the seed coat can be exposed before sowing; for example, seeds of cyclamen, wintersweet, wisteria, etc., need to be soaked for 1-2 days before sowing to promote germination. To prevent the spread of diseases and pests, seeds should be disinfected by soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride, 0.3% copper sulfate, and 1% formalin solution for 5 minutes, and then washed with clean water before sowing. Sowing time, spring sowing should not be earlier than the last frost period, mid-March is appropriate in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and autumn sowing can be in September. The sowing amount of home flower cultivation is small, and sowing can be done in sowing pots. If you use a general clay pot, the diameter should not be less than 12cm. If it is too small, the soil in the pot will dry easily. The culture soil for sowing should be permeable and should be sterilized with steam in advance. Cover the drainage hole on the bottom of the pot with two arched pieces, then fill it with 2-3cm of crushed stone and gravel, and then put 5 cm of culture soil. The top layer is 1 cm of clean river sand as the sowing layer. After sowing, cover with fine sand, which is 2-3 times the diameter of the seed. Do not water directly, use the immersion method to water, so as not to wash away the seeds. Cover the pot with a piece of glass, and cover the glass with newspaper to block the light to maintain the temperature and humidity in the pot. Turn the glass over once a day to make it breathable and remove the water drops on the glass. The sowing pot should be placed in direct sunlight and maintained at a room temperature of 15-25℃ to facilitate germination. If the temperature is too high, the seedlings will grow too long, and if the temperature is too low, the seeds will rot easily. After the seedlings emerge, remove the glass and newspapers, and gradually move to a sunny place. Water according to the dryness and wetness of the pot soil. When the seedlings grow 2-4 true leaves, transplant them. What kind of reproduction work can be done in spring for flowers and trees? Between March and April, before the new buds of flowers and trees sprout, the sap does not flow, which is the appropriate season for reproduction, and the reproduction survival rate is high. For example, asparagus fern, bamboo palm, nandina domestica, jasmine, and orchids can be propagated by division when repotting in spring. Chlorophytum, lotus, bamboo, etc. can be propagated by cutting off the new buds on the creeping branches. Canna, dahlia, iris, etc. can be propagated by dividing the tubers and rhizomes with buds. Lily, gladiolus, daffodil, etc. can be propagated by taking the small balls produced by their bulbs and corms. Osmanthus, rose, lilac, etc. can be propagated by grafting their branches. Pomegranate, crape myrtle, honeysuckle, rose, etc. can be cut off their branches; chrysanthemum, four-season begonia, saxifrage, etc. can be cut off their leaves for cutting propagation. However, cuttings are easy to take root when the soil temperature is high at the end of April. Annual grass flowers such as ornamental peppers, red safflower, half-branch lotus, and aster can be propagated by sowing. Why do some flowers need asexual reproduction? Asexual reproduction is to use branches, buds, leaves, root suckers, tubers, bulbs, etc. on the mother plant to reproduce through cuttings, grafting, layering, and division to cultivate new plants. There are many flowers that cannot bear fruit because of ovary degradation, such as poinsettia and hibiscus. Some flowers native to tropical and subtropical regions are also difficult to bloom and bear fruit in the north, such as Monstera, Milan, jasmine, etc. These flowers need to be propagated asexually. There are many flowers that are excellent varieties selected through hybrid breeding. The excellent traits of these varieties can usually only be maintained by asexual reproduction. Using asexual reproduction methods can enhance stress resistance and improve ornamental value. For example, many varieties of cacti have relatively weak root systems. When grafted onto the three-edged arrow with relatively strong growth potential, their growth and reproduction are relatively rapid. Some flowers can bloom early by adopting asexual reproduction, such as peony, Clivia, osmanthus, etc. What are the benefits of vermiculite and perlite cuttings for flowers and trees? Vermiculite and perlite were originally a lightweight thermal insulation building material with the properties of drainage, heat preservation, moisture retention, many pores and good ventilation, which are exactly the conditions required for cuttings and seedlings to take root. Practice has proved that using these materials for cuttings of flowers and trees takes root quickly, is not easy to damage the roots when potted, and has a high survival rate. Using vermiculite and perlite for cuttings of flowers requires proper control of water, and avoids excessive dryness or wetness. Shading is required during cuttings in summer, and plastic film should be covered in the north. Although the cuttings of flowers and trees grow roots quickly using these materials, because vermiculite and perlite do not contain nutrients, the cuttings should be potted in time after they survive, otherwise the new roots will quickly "rust" (i.e. turn from white to yellow) and gradually die. Is there a simple and easy way to do a small amount of cuttings for home gardening? To ensure the survival of cuttings, it is necessary to keep the cutting medium and air moist, and water and spray frequently. For a small amount of cuttings at home, pots can be used, but watering and spraying will add a lot of trouble. Now I will introduce a method that is easy to do and does not require frequent watering and spraying. Use a large tile pot with a diameter of more than 20 cm, first pad it with 8 cm thick small stones, then fill it with a layer of coarse sand as a drainage layer, put a small tile pot with a diameter of about 9 cm in the center of the pot, and plug the drainage hole at the bottom of the small tile pot with a cork in advance. Fill the cutting medium such as fine sand, vermiculite or rice husk ash outside the small tile pot and inside the large tile pot, and carry out cuttings in the medium. Then fill the small tile pot with water, and put a plastic film bag on the large tile pot. You can cut a few small holes on the two corners of the bag for ventilation. Because the water in the small tile pot constantly penetrates through the pot wall to the surrounding matrix, it can keep the cutting matrix moist for a long time. And because the plastic film bag is put on the mouth of the large tile pot, it often maintains sufficient air humidity. This saves the trouble of opening the bag, watering, and bagging to keep moisture every day, and also creates an environmental condition for the cuttings to take root easily. Which foliage plants can be propagated by leaf cuttings? Leaf cutting is a unique propagation method. Not every type of plant can be propagated by leaves. Foliage plants that can be propagated by leaf cutting include: Cyperus, Saxifrage, Tricolor Saxifrage, Purple Blue Gloxinia, Peperomia (Watermelon Peel, Peperomia, Tricolor Peperomia, Bright Leaf Peperomia, etc.), Begonia (Iron Cross Begonia, Toad Leaf Begonia, etc.), African Violet, Aloe, Succulent Plants, Golden Edged Tiger Tail Orchid, etc. The specific method of cutting is: find a thriving leaf, leave a two-centimeter petiole when cutting, and then cut off 1/3 of the leaf. Insert obliquely, bury all the petioles in the cutting medium, make the leaves as close to the soil surface as possible to avoid lodging when watering, and finally spray with clean water. The medium can be plain sand, vermiculite, perlite, etc. It should be placed in a cool place for 1-2 weeks, and then moved to a brighter place after the roots come out. In 2-3 weeks at the earliest and 6 weeks at the latest, small buds and fibrous roots will emerge from the petiole. Leaf cuttings are usually carried out in spring. The cutting medium cannot be too wet, otherwise the leaves will rot and it will be difficult to survive. What is layering propagation? Press the branches at the bottom of the mother plant down and bury them in the soil to promote the germination of adventitious buds at the nodes or internodes and grow new roots. Then cut them off from the mother plant and plant them separately to form a new plant. This method of propagation is called layering propagation. Layering propagation is mostly used for flowering shrubs with strong clumping ability or vines with soft branches. For some tree and shrub species that are difficult to root, high-branch layering can also be used to allow the branches on the crown to root before they are separated from the mother plant, providing more reproduction opportunities for flowers and trees. The advantages of layering propagation are easy survival, fast seedling formation, simple operation method, and the branches that are pressed down and alive can be pressed again next year without wasting propagation materials. The disadvantage is that the body of the seedlings cannot be completely renewed, the growth is not vigorous, and the seedling production is small. It is not suitable for mass production of seedlings. What is the high-branch layering method? Some woody foliage plants are not easy to root by cutting stem segments. At this time, high-branch layering can be used for reproduction. First, the branches are ring-peeled, then wrapped with moist sphagnum moss or cotton, and then tied with plastic film or string. If the branches are soft, you can use bamboo sticks to support them on the layering to prevent lodging and breaking. About one month after layering, when the ring-peeled part grows roots, it can be cut off and planted separately. It is most appropriate to carry out layering propagation between April and August each year. However, do not choose old branches for the high-pressure branching part, it is best to use one-year-old tender branches. Many tropical flowers and trees such as rubber trees, monster bamboo, millennium trees, and miniature coconuts can be propagated by layering. How are flower diseases caused? The causes of flower diseases: First, poor cultivation environment conditions, such as excessive or insufficient water, too strong or too weak light, too high or too low temperature, insufficient or unbalanced nutrition, and diseases caused by smoke, dust, and harmful gas pollution, which are also called physiological diseases. This type of disease affects the growth and development of flowers, but is not contagious. Second, bacterial infection, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc., invading plant bodies, among which fungal infection is the most common. This type of disease can spread rapidly under suitable environmental conditions. For diseases caused by poor environmental conditions, as long as the cultivation management is improved in time to adapt to the requirements of flower growth and development, they will generally rejuvenate naturally. Diseases caused by bacterial infection must be prevented and controlled in time. However, these two types of diseases are closely related and cause and effect to each other. When flowers grow weak, they are often prone to diseases; sometimes flowers are infested by insects, which can also lead to the occurrence of diseases. What are the symptoms of flower physiological diseases? Diseases caused by the inability of flowers to adapt to environmental conditions during their growth and development are called physiological diseases. Diseases caused by insufficient nutrients are mainly dwarfing and chlorosis. Lack of nitrogen in plants cannot guarantee their high growth; excessive alkalinity (in the north) or acidity (in the south) in the soil will cause the plants to become weak and the leaves to wither; lack of phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements will also cause flowers to lose their green color and wither. Lack of water during the growth and development of flowers will cause them to wither and grow short; too much water will hinder the breathing of the roots and cause them to rot, and the plants will also turn yellow. Therefore, when the leaves turn yellow and wilt, you should carefully diagnose them before taking measures.


























































































































































Too high or too low soil and air temperatures can also cause physiological diseases. When the soil temperature is too high, the affected parts will soften, dry up, and shrink, especially flowers with shallow roots and thin epidermis are susceptible. Sunburn caused by excessive light forms water-soaked lesions on the sunny side of the stem base, which slowly crack.

Diseases caused by low temperatures, such as frost damage and freezing damage. The leaves, flowers, and fruits of the affected flowers turn yellow, dry up, fall off, or the leaves and young stems curl up. This type of disease is prone to occur in early spring when there is a large temperature difference between day and night; and flowers native to frost-free areas, such as white orchids and jasmine, will die after being hit by frost.

Factories, cars, etc. emit toxic exhaust gases, some of which can cause leaves to discolor and fall off.