1. Glossary

1. Furniture design: It is a design activity for furniture. Its primary purpose is to meet human needs, to change and improve people's living standards. It is a comprehensive planning of creative conception and production before manufacturing based on the functional needs, psychological needs, and visual needs of users, and is expressed through drawings, models or samples.

2. Functional furnishings: refers to furnishings that have specific practical value and have a certain ornamental or decorative effect.

3. Decorative furnishings: refers to furnishings that have practical functions and are purely for viewing.

4. Modeling: Creating an image of an object Creating a form with artistic value is also called artistic modeling, also referred to as modeling. The fourth meaning is the image of the object created. The second meaning is the artistic activity of creating the image of an object.

Modeling: creating the image of an object, creating a form with artistic value or called artistic modeling, also known as modeling. It has two meanings: one is as a noun, that is, the image of the object created; the other is as a verb, that is, the artistic action of creating the image of an object.

Furniture shape; an artistic image that reflects function, material, structural characteristics and craftsmanship level. It is composed in a certain way through elements such as points, lines, surfaces, colors, textures, decorations, etc., and is comprehensively processed according to the requirements of aesthetic laws, characteristics of the times, national style and other aspects to form a perfect furniture image.

5. Taotie pattern is one of the common patterns on bronze ware, which was popular from the Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty. This beast was formed by the ancients by combining the characteristics of various beasts in nature and adding their own imagination. The face of the beast is huge and exaggerated, and it is very decorative. Researchers call it animal face pattern, which is often used as the main decoration of the ware. Some animal face patterns have torsos and animal feet, while some are only animal faces.

6. Furniture refers to utensils used in human life. In a broad sense, it refers to utensils that are indispensable for humans to maintain normal life, engage in labor production and carry out social activities; in a narrow sense, it refers to a type of utensils and equipment that workers use to sit, lie down, or support and store items in life, work or social activities.

7. The concept of green products: In a narrow sense, it refers to pure natural products and products made from natural plants that do not contain any chemicals that are harmful to the human body; in a broad sense, it refers to products that meet environmental protection requirements throughout the entire process from production and use to recycling and treatment, are harmless or have minimal harm to the environment, and are conducive to resource regeneration and recycling.

8. In the specific green furniture design, the comprehensive use of "five green" technologies should be followed, among which the five green technologies refer to: green design, green materials, green production, green packaging, and green marketing.

8. Requirements that furniture design must meet in terms of craftsmanship: A. Material diversification (raw materials and decorative materials) B. Component assembly (disassembly or folding) C. Product standardization (parts standardization, serialization and generalization) D. Continuous processing (mechanization and automation, reducing labor consumption, reducing production costs and improving labor productivity)

Second, the topic

1. The "Tulip" chair and round table designed by Eero Saarinen in 1957 with an aluminum frame and plastic seat

   2. The round chair designed by Denmark in 1944 was influenced by the furniture of the Chinese era

   3. Furniture modeling methods: rational, emotional, traditional

   4. The best representative of the Belgian Art Nouveau movement: Horta. He designed the house at 12 Rue Turin in Brussels.

   5. The "Red and Blue Chair" and "Worker Chair" designed by Rietveld, a famous designer during the two world wars, are classics in the history of modern furniture design.

   6. There are three basic methods for making and processing metal components: casting, bending and stamping.

   7. Zhijin was called Nashishi in the Yuan Dynasty.

   8. "Marilyn Monroe" sofa designed by Hans Hollein.

   9. Famous designers and their works during the two world wars

      De Stijl: Gurit Thomas Rietveld (Netherlands): Red and Blue Chair, Work Chair

      Bauhaus: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Germany): Cantilevered steel chair, Barcelona chair

      International Conference on Modern Architecture: (CIAM)

Le Corbusier (Switzerland): famous work on Modulor

      Alvar Aalto (Finland): i-Base Glued Laminated Wood Chair, Laminated Bent Wood Chair

Marcel Lajus Breuer (Hungary) Wassily Chair

      Walter Gropius (Berlin)

Famous designers and their works during the two world wars: Giritto 985307550 Maas Rietveld (Netherlands), Red and Blue Chair, Z-shaped Chair, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Germany): Cantilevered steel chair Barcelona chair Le Corbusier (Switzerland) famous model research work Alvar Aalto (Finland) laminated glued wood chair laminated bent wood chair

  10. The glass pyramid in front of the Louvre Museum in France. Designer: Ieoh Ming Pei (Chinese)

  11. The design concept of Chinese classical gardens: Harmony between man and nature

  12. The furniture of Shang and Zhou dynasties includes bronze furniture (such as bronze zu), stone furniture (such as stone zu) and lacquered wood inlaid furniture (such as lacquered wood lifting tray). Its decorative features are majesty, mystery, solemnity, and patterns (Taotie pattern, cicada pattern, cloud and thunder pattern).

  13. The Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain began in 1888 and was advocated by the design pioneer, poet and socialist William Morris and literary theorist John Ruskin.

  14. The basic viewpoints put forward by Bauhaus in design theory: the new unity of art and technology; the purpose of design is people rather than works, and design must follow the laws of nature and objectivity

  15. Furniture can be divided into the following categories according to their functions: support, chair, and storage.

  16. The decoration of Han Dynasty tiles can be divided into: cirrus patterns, animal patterns, and text

  17. Basic elements of form: point, line, stroke, body

  18. The basic elements of the Ming Dynasty’s artistic characteristics: simplicity, thickness, refinement, and elegance

19. The history of Chinese furniture has gone through a long evolution from "kneeling on the ground" to "sitting with feet dangling".

20. The systematic nature of furniture design is mainly reflected in A matching B comprehensiveness C standardization

21. The role of furniture design in the interior environment: organizing space, dividing space, filling space, indirectly expanding space, adjusting the color of the interior environment, and cultivating people's aesthetic taste.

22. Characteristics of furniture design: timeliness, creativity, spatiality, aesthetic characteristics, systematicity, technicality, and craftsmanship.

23. Development trends of home design: internationalization and nationalization trends, the impact of scientific and technological development on furniture design, and the impact of contemporary aesthetic trends and related art forms on home design concepts.

24. Factors that influence furniture design: function, material and structure, and aesthetic shape. The relationship between the three; in general, the design process starting from the functional form is in line with the functionalist creative law; the design process starting from the structural form contains a strong sense of technical expression, which often becomes a constructivist expression method; the design process starting from the aesthetic form is rich in formal beauty.

25. Classification of furniture: 1. According to the style, furniture can be divided into: modern furniture, European classical furniture, American furniture, Chinese classical furniture (that is, mahogany furniture), and the neoclassical series furniture that has been popular in the past two years, etc. cangdianH H ...

  2. According to the materials used, furniture can be divided into: solid wood furniture, panel furniture, soft furniture, rattan furniture, bamboo furniture, steel and wood furniture and furniture made of other artificial materials (such as glass furniture, marble furniture, etc.) 3. According to function, furniture can be divided into: living room furniture, bedroom furniture, study furniture, kitchen furniture (equipment) and auxiliary furniture, etc. 26. Function is the basis for determining the value of the existence of a form, and the function can be summarized into three basic manifestations: physical function, physiological function, and psychological function.

27. Constituent elements of furniture: Furniture is composed of four factors: material, structure, appearance and function. Among them, function is the forerunner and the driving force for the development of furniture; structure is the backbone and the basis for realizing function.

28. Materials are the material basis of furniture, and structure is the technical means of making furniture. Classification: According to the physical properties of the material, it can be divided into plant furniture (wood, bamboo, rattan), metal furniture (steel and aluminum), plastic, leather, glass, stone, etc., and also includes auxiliary materials (paint, glue, hardware accessories); according to the use of the material in furniture making, it can be divided into structural materials, decorative materials, and auxiliary materials.

29. Advantages and disadvantages of wood: Advantages: a. Lightweight and strong b. Natural texture and elegant color c. Easy to process and paint d. Low conductivity of electricity, heat and sound e. Environmental properties of wood (visual, tactile, humidity regulation, spatial acoustic properties and regulatory properties for organisms); Disadvantages: Hygroscopicity (swelling and shrinkage, shrinkage when dry and swelling when wet), anisotropy (anisotropy), variability, natural defects, susceptibility to insect and fungal infestation and burning.

30. Wood-based panels are wood materials made from logs or processing residues through various processing methods. They mainly include: plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, blockboard, hollow board, plywood, and integrated wood.

31. The glass used for furniture mainly includes: flat glass, tempered glass, special-shaped glass, mirror glass

32Based on the materials used, furniture can be divided into wooden furniture, metal furniture, plastic furniture, glass furniture, bamboo and rattan furniture, leather and fabric soft material furniture, and combination furniture of different materials. Based on the structural form, it can be divided into frame structure, plate structure, assembled structure, folding structure, thin shell structure (hot pressing or thermoplastic thin wall molding structure) and soft structure. Excellent home design must be a perfect unity of material function and reasonable structure, and comprehensive research must be conducted on material form and structural process.

33. Wooden furniture is a type of furniture made mainly of various wood materials through different structural processes. Commonly used joining methods for wooden furniture include mortise and tenon joints, nail joints, wood screw joints, glue joints and connector joints.

34. Metal furniture refers to furniture whose main parts are made of metal. According to the materials used, it can be divided into all-metal furniture (such as safes, wire beds, kitchen equipment, filing cabinets, etc.), steel-wood furniture (metal and wood components), steel-plastic furniture (metal and plastic components), metal soft furniture, and furniture made of metal and bamboo, rattan, glass and other materials. Metal furniture can be divided into fixed, detachable, folding, stacking, plug-in and hanging types according to different structural forms. The joining methods of metal components can be divided into the joining of metal materials themselves and the joining of metal materials with other materials. The joining methods or connection forms of metal materials themselves are mainly divided into welding, riveting, screw connection, pin connection, etc. There are three basic methods for making and processing metal components, namely casting, bending and stamping. The production processes of metal furniture mainly include pipe machining processes, plate and profile stamping processes, welding or riveting processes, coating processes and installation processes.

35.General furniture design can be divided into the following categories: 1) Sample design 2) Imitation design 3) Modified product 4) Upgrade design 5) New design 6) Future design

36. There are three factors that affect furniture design: 1) the function of furniture 2) material and technical conditions 3) the aesthetic laws and formal rules of furniture shape.

37.Metal material processing methods: forging, casting, welding. Wood processing methods: bending, carving, sawing

38. Classification of chairs. According to the style, they can be divided into backrest chairs, armchairs, folding chairs, stacking chairs, and fixed chairs; according to the material and processing method, they can be divided into solid wood chairs, bent wood chairs, molded plywood chairs, bamboo and rattan chairs, metal chairs, and plastic chairs.

39. Indoor furnishings refer to the display and arrangement of various items in the interior space, also known as furnishings. Their main function is to extend the functions of living equipment, break the monotonous and dull atmosphere of the interior, decorate and embellish the space, and enrich the visual effect of the interior environment.

40. The influence of indoor furnishings on the environment: The function and value of indoor space usually need to be reflected by furnishings. Indoor furnishings are an important part of the indoor environment and have an important impact on the success of interior design. Its role is reflected in: 1) interpreting the meaning of space and strengthening the style of the environment 2) creating and setting off the atmosphere of the environment 3) softening the space and adjusting the color of the environment 4) creating secondary space and enriching the spatial level 5) reflecting national characteristics and cultivating personal sentiments.

41. The main body of interior environment design service is people

43. Interior design: (Interior design) According to the use nature of the building, the environment and the corresponding standards, the material and technical means are scientifically used to create an indoor environment that meets people's material and spiritual needs in accordance with the principles of beauty. It is an artificial living environment created by human society for its own survival needs. In the indoor environment, home design has both material and spiritual functions.

 3. Short Answer

1. Indoor furnishings include a lot of content, which can be generally divided into: functional (or practical) furnishings, decorative (or ornamental) furnishings or both.

Functional furnishings can be roughly divided into: lamps, interior decoration fabrics, electrical appliances, books and magazines, daily utensils, stationery and other categories

  Decorative furnishings can be roughly divided into: artworks, collectibles, souvenirs, ornamental plants and animals, water mirrors

  2. Furniture modeling rules

  Answer: The rules of furniture modeling and composition are the basis for creating the aesthetic form of furniture, that is, the direct application of artistic principles in furniture modeling design. It is the principle of formal composition, or the general law of formal beauty. It is the application and artistic processing of the principle of formal composition or the general law of formal beauty in furniture modeling design. The rules followed by furniture modeling design are: proportion and scale unified change, balance, coordination and contrast, repetition and rhythm, bionics and simulation, illusion and perspective.

  3. How to understand the emotional effect of color

  Answer: The generation of color emotion is not the function of color itself, but the cultural characteristics that people give to color, which makes color have certain meanings and symbols. These factors affect people's feelings about color. For example, white gives people a sense of purity and elegance. It is the best color for walls because it is neutral and can be matched with any color. But in another sense, white is the coldest color in visual perception. If you use too much, you will feel horrible and damage your eyes, making you feel boring and insecure. Green symbolizes life, youth and peace. Blue gives people a sense of tranquility and freshness. Different colors have an impact on human psychology and cause emotional reactions. There is a universal relationship between color and emotion. The use of color requires grasping the relationship between color and emotion and needs to comprehensively match colors under different conditions.

  4. The development and style evolution of Chinese furniture throughout the ages

  Answer: To put it simply, the history of Chinese furniture has gone through a long evolution from "kneeling on the ground" to "sitting with feet dangling". To be precise, it can be divided into four stages: low-profile furniture from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as Zu, Jin, Pingji, and large beds; transitional furniture from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, such as beds, armchairs, round chairs, palace stools, and screens; high-profile furniture developed greatly during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, such as cross-legged chairs, high tables, kang tables, square tables, benches, cabinets, and drawer tables, etc.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, traditional Chinese furniture reached its peak and formed regional characteristics, such as Guangdong, Beijing, and Suzhou. The shapes showed a combination of Eastern and Western styles.

  5. Representative works and characteristics of Ron Arad’s designs

A: Lon Arad designed the Little Heary Chair and the Large Leisure Chair in 1957. He really became a designer when he designed the Land Rover Chair in 1981. He directly used abandoned car driver's seats and building scaffolding as the main components, which is a manifestation of the high-tech style of the 1980s. He designed the famous sch220 chair, commonly known as the two-in-one chair. This new design consists of two visually separated but actually unified plywood panels. The components have obvious functions whether they are separated or combined, and are also full of metaphors and poetic symbols.

6. The development and style evolution of foreign furniture?

There are four historical stages in the development of foreign furniture styles: ancient furniture in slave society, medieval furniture in feudal society, furniture in the Renaissance and subsequent modern centuries, and modern furniture after the Industrial Revolution.

Foreign ancient furniture (35th century BC - 5th century AD) 1. Ancient Egyptian furniture (about 15th century BC); more than 1500 years ago, Egyptians were able to design and manufacture wooden beds that could be folded into three layers. Features: decoration first, practicality second. The sculptures of home decoration characters adopt the form of "frontal law". It has shown the design concept of combining practicality and beauty. It has laid a good foundation for the future development of furniture. 2. Ancient Greek furniture (7th century BC - 1st century) Ancient Greece can still live in the basic column system formed in the Archaic period. There are two types, Doric and Ionic. It laid the foundation for the further development of ancient architecture and is also one of the forms imitated by ancient furniture. 3. Ancient Roman furniture (6th century BC - 5th century AD)

Medieval furniture: 1. Byzantine furniture (328-1005 AD) 2. Roman-style furniture (10th-13th century AD) 3. Gothic furniture (12th-16th century AD) The trefoil (a pattern consisting of three pointed leaves) symbolizes the Trinity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit; the four-leaf decoration symbolizes the four gospels, and the five-leaf decoration represents the five apostles. The lamp has a Christian symbolic meaning.

Furniture of recent centuries: 1. Renaissance furniture 2. Baroque style furniture 3. Rococo style furniture 4. Neoclassical style furniture 5. British Shaker furniture.

Foreign modern furniture; 1. The period of exploration and occurrence of modern furniture (1850-1914) 2. The period of maturity and further development of modern furniture (after World War I to before World War II) 3. The period of high development of modern furniture (after World War II to the 1960s)