Flower Definition

　　①Flowers and plants. ②Chinese paintings with flowers and plants as the subject matter.

Flowers Overview

　　Generally speaking, "flowers" are the reproductive organs of plants, and refer to ornamental plants with graceful postures, bright colors, and fragrant smells. "Hui" is a general term for grasses. It is customary to include shrubs with ornamental value and small trees that can be potted, collectively referred to as "flowers".

　　Strictly speaking, flowers have two meanings, broad and narrow. Flowers in a narrow sense refer to herbaceous plants with ornamental value. Such as Impatiens, chrysanthemum, salvia, cockscomb, etc.; in a broad sense, flowers include herbaceous or woody ground cover plants, flowering shrubs, flowering trees, and bonsai in addition to herbaceous plants with ornamental value, such as ground cover plants such as Ophiopogon japonicus, Sedum, and Phlox fasciata; trees and flowering shrubs such as plum blossoms, peach blossoms, roses, and camellias, etc. In addition, tall trees and shrubs distributed in the southern region can only be used as greenhouse potted plants for viewing when moved to the cold northern regions, such as white orchids, Indian rubber trees, and palm plants are also included in the broad sense of flowers.

Flower Classification

　　There are many kinds of flowers, covering a wide range, including not only flowering plants, but also mosses and ferns. There are also many ways to cultivate and apply them. Therefore, there are many classification methods for flower classification due to different bases. Classification

　　based on ecological habits

: 　　This classification method is based on the life form and ecological habits of flower plants and is the most widely used.

　　Field flowers:

　　They complete the entire growth process under natural conditions and do not need to be cultivated in protected areas. Field flowers can be divided into three categories according to their life history.

　　⒈ Annual flowers.

　　Plants that complete their life history within one growing season. That is, from sowing to flowering, fruiting, and dying, they are all completed within one growing season. Generally, they are sown in spring, grow in summer and autumn, bloom and bear fruit, and then die. Therefore, annual flowers are also called spring-sown flowers. Such as ginkgo, angelica, cockscomb, zinnia, half-branch lotus, marigold, etc.

　　⒉ Biennial flowers.

　　Flowers that complete their life history within two growing seasons. They only grow nutritional organs in the current year, and bloom, bear fruit, and die the following year. This type of flowers is generally sown in autumn and blooms in the spring of the following year. Therefore, this type of flowers is often called autumn-sown flowers. Such as dianthus, violets, kale, cineraria, etc.

　　⒊ Perennial flowers.

　　Individuals with a lifespan of more than two years can bloom and bear fruit many times. According to the changes in the underground part, they can be divided into two categories:

　　⑴ Perennial flowers: The underground part has normal shape and does not undergo metamorphosis. Such as peony, hosta, daylily, etc.

　　⑵ Bulbous flowers: The underground part is metamorphosed and hypertrophic. According to their abnormal shape, they are divided into the following five categories

　　①: Bulbs, the underground stems are in the shape of fish scales. Those covered with papery outer skin are called skinned bulbs, such as daffodils, tulips, and amaryllis. Those without skin on the outside of the scales are called skinless bulbs, such as lilies.

　　②: Bulbs. The underground stems are spherical or oblate, with leathery outer skin on the outside. Such as gladiolus, freesia, etc.

　　③: Rhizomes. The underground stems are enlarged and root-like, with obvious nodes on them, and new buds grow at the tops of the branches, such as canna, lotus, water lily, hosta, etc.

　　④: Tubers. The underground stems are irregularly blocky or strip-shaped, such as calla lily, cyclamen, gloxinia, tuberose, etc.

　　⑤: Tubers. The underground taproot is enlarged and blocky, and the root system grows from the end of the tuber, such as dahlia.

　　⒋ Aquatic flowers

　　Flowers that grow in water or swamps, such as water lilies and lotus.

　　⒌ Rock flowers

　　Refers to flowers that are drought-resistant and suitable for cultivation in rock gardens. They are often used in gardens. They are generally perennial or base-woody subshrubs, as well as ferns and other flowers that like shade and humidity. Greenhouse

　　flowers

　　Refers to flowers that are native to tropical, subtropical and warm southern regions. They must be cultivated in greenhouses in cold northern regions, or they need to be protected in greenhouses for wintering. They can be divided into the following categories:

　　⒈ One- and two-year-old flowers. Such as cineraria, cattail flower, sweet pea, etc.

　　⒉ Perennial flowers. Such as gerbera, Clivia, etc.

　　⒊ Bulbous flowers. Such as cyclamen, amaryllis, gloxinia, calla lily, calamus, etc.

　　⒋ Orchids are divided into the following categories according to their ecological habits:

　　⑴ Terrestrial orchids: such as spring orchids, zephyranthes, and jianlan.

　　⑵ Epiphytic orchids: such as dendrobium, Vanda, and paphiopedilum.

　　⒌ Succulent plants: refers to plants with developed water storage tissues in stems and leaves, which are thick and juicy. Including plants from the families of Cactaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae, and Agavaceae.

　　⒍ Ferns. According to different ways of viewing, they can be divided into the following four categories:

　　⑴ Garden greening ferns. Such as green cloud grass and alsoren. Among them, alsoren, also known as tree fern, is the largest fern plant, which can reach more than 10 meters in height. It is an ancient group, endangered species in the genus, and a first-class protected plant. In addition, Sophora japonica and Azolla are good materials for water surface greening.

　　⑵ Potted foliage ferns. Such as Lycopodium, black fern, centipede grass, and maidenhair fern. Among them, Lycopodium, kidney fern, and iron fern are important cut flower matching leaf materials.

　　⑶ Hanging ferns. Such as kidney fern and nest fern.

　　⑷ Rock bonsai ferns. Such as Selaginella and round fan fern. Among them, round fan fern is the smallest among ferns, only a few centimeters in size.

　　⒎ Carnivorous plants. Such as pitcher plants and pitcher plants. In some cut flower arts, they are often used as artistic flower arrangement materials.

　　⒏ Plants of the Bromeliadaceae family. Such as water tower flowers and bromeliads. ⒐

　　Plants of the Palmaceae family. Such as foliage flowers such as fan palm, palm bamboo, and miniature coconut palm.

　　⒒ Flowers and trees include poinsettia and variegated wood.

　　⒓ Aquatic flowers such as Victoria regia and tropical water lilies.

　　Classification by garden use

　　1. Flowerbed flowers

　　Refers to one- or two-year-old outdoor flowers that can be used to decorate flower beds. For example, pansies and dianthus bloom in spring; daffodils and daisies are often planted in flowerbeds in summer; salvias, marigolds, and September daisies are selected in autumn; kale can be appropriately arranged in flower beds in winter.

　　2. Potted flowers Refers

　　to potted flowers that decorate indoors and gardens in potted form. Such as hibiscus, asparagus, poinsettia, kumquat, etc.

　　3. Indoor flowers

　　Refers to a type of flowers that carry out the dark reaction process of photosynthesis through the C4 pathway. Generally, foliage plants can be used as indoor ornamental flowers. Such as money trees, Brazilian wood, green giants, green baskets, colorful corn, etc.

　　4. Cut flowers

　　⑴ Perennials: such as African daisy, baby's breath, and strelitzia.

　　⑵ Bulbs: lilies, tulips, marigolds, freesias, etc.

　　⑶ Woody cut flowers: such as peach blossoms, plum blossoms, peonies, roses, and roses.

　　5. Foliage flowers:

　　Mainly determined by the ornamental part. Such as the green giant, iron tree, fern, etc.

　　6. Shade flowers:

　　In garden design, flowers grown under the shade of pavilions and trees. Ophiopogon japonicus, red flower grass and fern can all be used as shade flowers.

　　7. Positive flowers :

　　Positive flowers:

　　Flowers that need sufficient sunlight to bloom are called positive flowers. Positive flowers are suitable for growing under full light and strong light. If there is insufficient light, they will grow poorly, bloom late or not bloom, and the color of the flowers will not be bright and the fragrance will not be strong. Flowers that prefer positive energy include:

　　(1) Spring flowers: plum blossom, daffodil, forsythia, peach blossom, white orchid, purple magnolia, viburnum, crabapple, quince crabapple, weeping crabapple, peony, peony, lilac, rose, rose, bauhinia, hydrangea, forsythia, Yunnan yellow jasmine, euphorbia, cyclamen, hyacinth, tulip, calla lily, vinca, geranium, primrose, cineraria, petunia, poppy, snapdragon, and petunia.

　　(2) Flowers in summer and autumn: white jade flower, jasmine, Milan, Murraya, woody tuberose, osmanthus, sweet-scented osmanthus, magnolia, hibiscus, hibiscus, crape myrtle, oleander, triangle flower, pineapple flower, June snow, dahlia, five-color plum, canna, sunflower, hollyhock, gerbera, frangipani, red flower allium, aster, salvia, cockscomb, impatiens, barbata, wild hibiscus, daisy, marigold, chrysanthemum, lotus, water lily, etc.

　　(3) Winter flowers: wintersweet, poinsettia, silver willow, camellia sasanqua, freesia, etc.

　　(4) Fruit trees: ginkgo, pomegranate, kumquat, orange, grape, loquat, jujube, persimmon, kiwi, fig, koelreuteria, pyracantha, winter coral, etc.

　　(5) Vine: wisteria, trumpet creeper, rose, wood fragrance, honeysuckle, creeper, morning glory, morning glory, etc.

　　(6) Foliage: five-needle pine, black pine, brocade pine, cedar, cypress, yarrow, willow, tamarisk, red maple, palm, boxwood, rubber tree, cycad, dragon blood tree, banana, croton, false leaf tree, coleus, etc.

　　(7) Succulents: cactus, triangular tree, cactus, fairy mountain, gem flower, velvet palm, etc.

　　Classification by economic use

　　1. Medicinal flowers

　　For example, peony, peony, platycodon, morning glory, ophiopogon, cockscomb, celery, lily, fritillaria and dendrobium are important medicinal plants. In addition, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, lotus and so on are all common Chinese medicinal materials.

　　2. Spice flowers

　　Fragrant flowers are widely used in food, light industry and other aspects. For example, osmanthus can be used as food spices and wine, jasmine, white orchid and so on can be smoked tea, chrysanthemum can be used to make high-end food and dishes, white orchid, rose, daffodil, wintersweet and so on can be used to extract essence. Among them, rose oil extracted from roses is known as "liquid gold" in the international market. Its value is more expensive than gold. In the market, only one rose bud is worth 6 cents.

　　3. Edible flowers

　　Use the leaves or flowers of flowers to eat directly. For example, lily can be used as cut flowers and can be eaten; chrysanthemum brain and day lily can be used as greening seedlings and can be eaten.

　　Classification by the origin of flowers

　　Climate type

　　One Chinese climate type

　　Also known as the east coast climate type of the continent. This climate type is divided into warm type and cool type due to the different winter temperatures:

　　1. Warm type (low latitudes) For example: Chinese narcissus, Chinese dianthus, camellia, azalea, lily, etc.

　　2. Cool type (high latitudes) For example: chrysanthemum, peony, peony, and crabapple.

　　2. European climate type

　　Also known as the continental west coast climate type, such as: pansy, daisy, kale, violet, etc. This type of flowers is generally cultivated as biennials in our area, that is, sown in summer and autumn, and blooming in the following spring.

　　3. Mediterranean climate type

　　Because the climate in these areas is dry in summer, perennial flowers often form bulbs. For example: hyacinth, freesia, tulip, cyclamen, sorrel, etc.

　　4. Mexican climate type is also called tropical plateau climate type, which is found in tropical and subtropical mountainous areas. Yunnan Province also belongs to this type. Its native flowers include: dahlia, poinsettia, marigold, Yunnan camellia, rose, etc.

　　Five tropical climate types: Flowers native to tropical areas need to be cultivated in greenhouses in temperate zones, and annual grass flowers can be cultivated in the open field during the frost-free period:

　　1. Famous tropical flowers native to Asia, Africa and Oceania include: cockscomb, tiger tail orchid, coleus, croton, etc.

　　2. Famous tropical flowers native to Central and South America include: anthurium, periwinkle, canna, morning glory, etc.

　　Six desert climate types :

　　Most of these areas are barren deserts, mainly succulent plants.

　　1. Aloe. The varieties planted in Shuyang Agriculture and Forestry Bureau Science and Technology Park mainly include Curacao, striped, arborvitae, Yuanjiang, and saponin.

　　2. Cactus. There are two types: common ornamental cactus and edible cactus.

　　3. Bachelor tree. Also known as green jade tree. Native to tropical South Africa, it can be cultivated in the open field in southwest and southern China.

　　4. Agave. Sisal, a common greening tree species, is a plant of the same genus.

　　Seven frigid climate types:

　　Mainly distributed in Alaska and Siberia. The climate in these areas is long and cold in winter, and short and cool in summer. The plant growth period is only 2-3 months. Because this type of climate has long days and strong winds in summer, the plants are short and grow slowly, often in a cushion shape. The main flowers are: fine-leaved lilies, gentians, and snow lotus.

　　Classification by natural distribution

: 　　Divided into tropical flowers, temperate flowers, frigid flowers, alpine flowers, aquatic flowers, rock flowers, and desert flowers.

　　"Flowers" have two interpretations, narrow and broad. "Flowers" in a narrow sense refer to herbaceous plants with ornamental value, such as chrysanthemums, impatiens, etc. "Flowers" in a broad sense refer to plants whose flowers, stems, leaves, fruits or roots have ornamental value in form or color. Therefore, flowers in a broad sense not only include herbaceous plants, but also trees, shrubs, vines, and ground cover plants.

Flower cultivation

　　1. Six methods of watering flowers①

　　Watering flowers with residual teaResidual tea can be used to water flowers, which can not only maintain soil moisture, but also add nitrogen and other nutrients to plants. However, it should be watered regularly and appropriately according to the humidity of the flowerpot, and it should not be watered as long as the residual tea is poured.②

　　Watering flowers with spoiled milkAfter the milk is spoiled, adding water to the flowers is beneficial to the growth of flowers. But the water should be more, so that it is relatively diluted. Unfermented milk is not suitable for watering flowers, because it produces a lot of heat during fermentation, which will "burn" the roots (rotten roots).Tiantian Seedlings Network---Professional online seedling trading market③Watering

　　flowers with cold boiled waterWatering flowers with cold boiled water can make flowers and trees lush and colorful, and can promote early flowering. If used to water asparagus, it can make its branches and leaves develop horizontally, and grow short and dense.④Watering flowers

　　with warm waterIn winter, it is cold and the water is cold, so it is appropriate to use warm water to water flowers. It is best to place the water indoors and wait until it is close to the room temperature before watering. It is better if the water temperature can reach 35℃ before watering.

　　⑤ Watering flowers with rice water Regularly using rice water to water Milan and other flowers can make their branches and leaves lush and the colors bright.

　　⑥ Watering flowers when no one is at home People who love to grow flowers, such as those who are away from home for ten days or half a month due to visiting relatives or going out for business, have no one to water the flowers. At this time, you can fill a plastic bag with water, pierce a small hole in the bottom of the bag with a needle, and put it in the flowerpot. The small hole is close to the soil, and the water will slowly seep out to moisten the soil. The size of the hole needs to be mastered to prevent the water from leaking too quickly. Or put a container filled with cold water next to the flowerpot, find a wide cloth strip with good water absorption, put one end into the container water, and bury the other end in the soil of the flowerpot. In this way, the soil can be kept moist for at least half a month, and the flowers will not die.

　　2. Two methods of fertilization

　　① Medical stone fertilizer Sprinkle a layer of medical stone particles in the flowerpot to promote the growth of flowers and prolong the flowering period.

　　② Crushed eggshell fertilizer Crush the eggshell and bury it in the flowerpot. It is a good fertilizer that can make the potted flowers grow lush and the leaves are lush and the flowers are bright.

　　3. Collect organic fertilizer for potted flowers

　　It is not advisable to use chemical fertilizers for home flower cultivation. The main fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed for flower cultivation can be collected in daily life. For example: moldy and inedible waste peanuts, beans, melon seeds and grains are all nitrogen-containing fertilizers. After fermentation as base fertilizer or soaking into solution as topdressing, they can promote the growth of flowers and trees; fish bones, broken bones, chicken feathers, eggshells, and people's cut nails and hair are rich in phosphorus. Mix these wastes into the old culture soil, add some water, put them in a plastic bag and put them in a corner. After a period of decomposition, they can become excellent organic fertilizers. If these wastes are soaked into a solution and then used as topdressing, the flowers of home-grown potted flowers can be bright and fruitful. In addition, fermented rice water, water replaced by bean sprouts, plant ash water, rainwater and wastewater in fish tanks, etc., all contain certain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As long as they are used in moderation, they will play a role in promoting the growth and development of flowers and trees.

　　4. Fruit peel can neutralize alkaline soil.

　　Some flowers in the south are not easy to survive or bloom in potted plants in the north because the soil is too alkaline. There are many ways to neutralize alkaline soil. This method is to soak the peeled apple peel and apple core in cold water. Frequently use this water to water the flower pot, which can gradually reduce the alkalinity of the soil and benefit the growth of some plants.

　　5. Disease prevention of flowers

　　. In early spring, various flowers will enter the vigorous growth season. At this time, you can spray 1% Bordeaux liquid on the leaves and back of the leaves 1-3 times to prevent diseases. The preparation method of 1% Bordeaux liquid is: 1 gram of copper sulfate, crush it and add 50 ml of hot water to dissolve; then use 1 gram of quicklime, use a few drops of water to powder it, then add 50 ml of water and filter out the residue; pour these two solutions into the same container at the same time and stir well, and finally a sky blue transparent Bordeaux liquid is formed.

　　6. Two methods to kill insects and ants in flower pots

　　① When small flying insects appear in the flower pot, you can use three or four cotton sticks (cotton sticks), dip them in dichlorvos, and stick the handles into the pot soil around the plant to kill the flying insects.

　　② When ants appear in the flower pot, soak cigarette butts and tobacco in hot water for one or two days. When the water turns dark brown, sprinkle some of the water on the flower stems and leaves, and dilute the rest and pour it into the flower pot. The ants can be killed.

　　7. Three methods to keep fresh flowers

　　① Use fire to moxibustion the cut end of the

　　rose flower before inserting it into the vase. Apply a little mint crystal to the cut end of the autumn chrysanthemum.

　　Add a small amount of urea or soil extract (a solution made by stirring fertilizer soil with water and filtering it) to the clean water used to grow chrysanthemums. The vase-inserted chrysanthemums can last up to 30 days before withering, which is more than 10 days longer than using ordinary clean water.

　　Wrap white jasmine flowers in a wet cloth at night and uncover them during the day to delay the withering of the flowers by 2-3 days.

　　Put the hibiscus in hot water for one or two minutes, then put

　　it in cold water. Soak the cut end of the dahlia in hot water for a while , then put it in cold water. Soak the cut end of 　　the peony

　　in hot water first, then put it in cold water. Put 　　the camellia in light salt water. Put the lily in sugar 　　water. Add 1-2 drops of fresh meat juice to the water 　　of the gardenia. Put the narcissus in 1/1000 light salt water. 　　Block the pores of the lotus with mud, then put it in light salt water. 　　② When you go out, take out the flowers in the vase and store them in the fruit and vegetable box of the refrigerator. They can keep them from withering for a long time. When you come back, take them out and put them in the vase, and they will be lifelike again. 　　③ Dissolve aspirin in water to extend the flowering time of flowers in the vase. 　　8. Adjust the flowering time 　　Put the flower seeds, plant bulbs or branches for cuttings into plastic bags, and then put them in the refrigerator. Take them out and plant them at the appropriate time. You can adjust the flowering time at will. 　　9. Frozen potted flowers revive method 　　In the cold spring season, potted flowers will freeze outdoors. In this case, you can quickly wrap the potted flowers with three layers of waste newspapers with strong water absorption. Be careful not to damage the branches and leaves of the potted flowers when wrapping, and avoid direct sunlight. Leave it for a day so that the temperature of the potted flowers gradually rises. After this treatment, the frozen potted flowers can be revived. 　　10. Clivia summer escape method 　　In midsummer, the temperature is often above 30℃, which is extremely unfavorable for the growth of Clivia. For this reason, it is generally used to build a shed to cool down. You can also bury the Clivia with the pot in the sand (bury the pot), and then sprinkle water on the sand once in the morning and evening every day. In this way, the pot soil can be kept moist, and more importantly, the heat absorption effect of the evaporation of water in the sand can be used to achieve the purpose of cooling. 　　11. Clivia leaf replanting method 　　Clivia leaves are more important than flowers, so leaf protection is very important. But sometimes it is inevitable that the leaves will be accidentally broken or broken. After rescue, it is completely possible to replant the broken leaves. If the leaves are only injured but not broken, just wrap them with transparent tape. If the leaves are broken, you can first fix them with a glass piece of appropriate size, and then wrap them with transparent tape. Because both glass and transparent tape are transparent, they will not affect the photosynthesis of the leaves. But before wrapping, you must align the position of the broken leaves, and use absorbent cotton to wipe off the pulp water on the broken leaves. 　　12. Hydrangea turns blue . 　　Nail a rusty iron nail into the root of the hydrangea, and the hydrangea will obviously turn blue. 　　13. How to clean the dust on plants. 　　When many families clean, whether in winter or in midsummer, they usually put potted flowers under the faucet to rinse them. This often affects the growth of plants due to sudden changes in temperature. If it is a foliage plant, you can use water to clean it one by one along the veins of the branches and leaves. Other plants can be rinsed with a spray bottle. 　　14. How to deodorize flowers 　　. If fermented solution is used as fertilizer for indoor flowers, they will emit an unpleasant odor. If you put orange peels into the fertilizer liquid, the smell will be eliminated. At the same time, orange peels themselves are also excellent fertilizers. 　　15. Four methods of homemade insecticides 　　① Take 200 grams of green onions, chop them, soak them in 10 liters of water for a day and night, filter them and use them to spray the affected plants, several times a day, and spray them continuously for 5 days. 　　② 200-300 grams of garlic, mash them to extract the juice, dilute them with 10 liters of water, and immediately use them to spray the plants. 　　③ 400 grams of tobacco powder, soak them in 10 liters of water for two days and nights, filter out the tobacco powder, add 10 liters of water and 20-30 grams of soap powder when using, stir well and spray the affected flowers and trees. 　　④ 10 liters of water, 3 kilograms of wood ash, soak for 3 days and nights, and then spray the plants. 　　16. Method of eradicating weeds 　　Weeds have strong reproductive capacity. The weeds in the courtyard have just been pulled out, and they grow everywhere again in a few days. In this case, do not throw away the salt water used to pickle duck eggs or pickles. In the weed season, pour the salt water on the weeds. Three or four times can stop the growth of weeds. In addition, the water used to boil potatoes can also remove weeds in the courtyard or on the aisle. Another effective way to remove weeds is to sprinkle water on the ground to be weeded, so that the ground is soaked. After 24 hours, water it with bleach water again, and the weeds will quickly wither and die. 　　17. Growing Golden Phoenix Flower 　　Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae. Perennial herb or subshrub, about 90cm high, stems are unbranched or branched at the base, containing latex, leaves are opposite, about 10-13cm long, entire, smooth, 5-10 flowers are clustered on the pedicels in the axils of the branches, the flower diameter is about 2cm, there are 5 sepals, and the flowering period is from May to December. 　　Sowing method: 　　The suitable temperature for germination is 16-20℃. Sow the seeds in the culture soil and cover them with sand about twice the diameter of the seeds. Maintain the humidity and temperature. Seedlings will emerge in about 7-9 days. 　　Planting method: 　　Plant or pot the seedlings with 8-10 true leaves with soil clumps. They will bloom in the summer of the same year. It is relatively cold-resistant and has no strict requirements on soil, but fertile and loose sandy loam is preferred. 　　Maintenance method: 　　The suitable temperature for growth is 5-25℃. The latex is slightly toxic and can be used for medicinal purposes.

Flower Problems

　　1. How do hydroponic flowers survive the winter? Can ordinary flowers survive the winter safely?

　　Generally, it is required to be above 5 degrees. In the north, if it is indoors, there is no problem; but if it is a greenhouse, you can consider using a hot air blower in the greenhouse. An ordinary hot air blower costs about 300-800 yuan. Use a timer to set the time. The heating time is not long every day, so it is also operated in some places in Guangdong where the temperature is 0 degrees. In the north, you can consider using coal or steam for heating.

　　2. Is your flower production environment a greenhouse?

　　It is a greenhouse. Since the cost of a greenhouse is not high, the annual rent of a 200-square-meter greenhouse is only about 2,000-2,500 yuan. Since the production cycle of hydroponic flowers is short, it is generally sufficient. For slightly larger ones, they usually have their own flower farm bases, several acres, and build their own greenhouses. The cost is very low, and they start from small seedlings, so the cost is even lower.

　　3. How do you use streptomycin? Do you soak the roots or just dip the roots?

　　It is agricultural streptomycin, which is prepared according to the instructions of the pesticide and made into the corresponding concentration. It is generally soaked for 3-5 minutes, just soaking the rhizomes.

　　4. How long can ecological farming last?

　　Fish can be purchased locally. The nutrient solution does not have a great impact on fish, and the nutrient solution itself also provides some mineral nutrients. Generally speaking, it depends on the species, but the length of time for feeding can meet the needs of viewing.

　　5. Can the nutrient solution be used when switching from soil culture to hydroponics?

　　The nutrient solution can be used when switching from soil culture to hydroponics. If you are inexperienced, it is recommended to use half a dose of nutrient solution first, that is, dilute the original 200-fold concentrated solution 400 times before using it (or dilute the original 400-fold concentrated solution 800 times before using it), and use a dose of nutrient solution about one month later. Of course, soil-cultured flowers can also use nutrient solution.

　　

　　6. Does the adaptation period for plants from soil culture to hydroponics take 1-2 months?

　　Not necessarily 1-2 months, and the faster one can be completed within 7 days. Generally speaking, it is faster when the temperature is high and slower in winter. Generally, when white roots appear, it means that the plant has basically adapted to hydroponics and can be sold, so there is less potential after-sales service.

　　7. What should be paid attention to when hydroponically cultivating bromeliads?

　　 When hydroponically cultivating bromeliads, the water level should be raised to ensure that there is water vapor at the bottom of the planted orchid. 8. How to manage Euphorbia and Amber?

　　 They are meat plants, so the water level should not be too high and must not soak into the rhizomes, but it is necessary to ensure that the water vapor reaches the root primordium, which is generally the bottom of the planted orchid.

　　9. How to maintain ornamental tomatoes. How much should the temperature and light be controlled during the maintenance period.

　　This ornamental tomato is very shade-tolerant and can last for 1-2 months indoors, but it is better to have sunlight, and the temperature should be above 0 degrees, preferably above 5 degrees. Generally, its light is ignored.

　　10. What kind of technology does hydroponic flower technology refer to? Can flowers and fish be raised together?

　　It is mainly the domestication technology and precautions for converting soil-grown flowers to hydroponic flowers (provided to customers in the form of CDs, which is free). Flowers and fish can be raised together.

　　11. Can it only cultivate certain specific flower species or can it be applied to popular flowers?

　　Both specific flower species and popular flowers are acceptable.

　　12. After the seedlings leave the soil, during the cultivation process in the nutrient solution, do all seedlings need the same amount of nutrient solution?

　　Strictly speaking, they are not the same, but in order to simplify the production steps, they are generally considered the same, and not much nutrient solution will be wasted. Moreover, the cost of nutrient solution is not high, so it is not important to use the amount of nutrient solution, mainly to save labor costs.

　　13. Does the addition of flowers, nutrient solution and fish farming conflict?

　　No, the three can coexist peacefully. This is also one of the keys to the nutrient solution formula.

　　14. Does the cultivation of seedlings need to be raised in the soil for a period of time and then cultivated in water?

　　No. Just put it directly in the nutrient solution for hydroponics.

　　15. Use a planting basket to hold up the flowers, so that the roots of the flowers can fully absorb water?

　　Yes. Just make sure there is water vapor at the bottom of the planting basket.

　　16. What should be paid attention to when and how often to change the water?

　　Change it every 20-40 days. We provide technical support to customers. For small goldfish, for example, "Ten-line fish" or "parrot", the life in nutrient solution is similar to that in tap water. However, when there are goldfish, generally use 1/2 dose of nutrient solution. Especially at the beginning. After the goldfish adapt, such as after 15-30 days, change to 1 dose of nutrient solution, or you can still use 1/2 dose of nutrient solution, but in order to ensure that the plants have enough nutrients, you need to change (add) nutrient solution more frequently, such as once every 10-20 days. If you use 1 dose of nutrient solution, you can change the nutrient solution once every 20-30 days.

　　17. If you use ceramsite, colored stone, glass ball and other cultivation, can you use nutrient solution?

　　You can use it, it will not affect the growth of flowers, but you can't enjoy the roots and fish.

　　18. Do all kinds of seedlings use the same nutrient solution, how to control the concentration

　　? You can use the same nutrient solution (universal type) or a special type. Strictly speaking, you need to use instruments to judge when to add or replace the nutrient solution, but you can also rely on experience. Generally, the nutrient solution is replaced every 20-40 days.

　　19. How long does it take for a seedling to become a finished product?

　　The growth rate of hydroponics is generally 10-30% faster than that of soil cultivation. Therefore, if the foliage plant tissue culture seedlings below 5 cm grow to 30 cm, it will take about 6-8 months. Of course, it will be faster if the temperature is high and the humidity is high. But you can directly buy finished seedlings to acclimate hydroponics. Generally, they can be sold within 7 days to 1 month, and even within 7 days (in summer), but they may be more unstable. Therefore, when soil cultivation is converted to hydroponics, it is recommended to wait for 30 days of hydroponics and wait for new roots to grow before selling. Such hydroponic flowers are more stable, more responsible to the end customers, and less after-sales service.

　　20. There are two types of nutrient solutions, a solution and b solution. Can they be mixed for any plant?

　　 Universal nutrient solution, suitable for all kinds of plants. This nutrient solution is composed of two bottles (buckets) of a solution and b solution to form a complete nutrient solution. That is, when using it, first fill the hydroponic pot with enough tap water, and then take a bottle cap of ab solution and pour it into the pot.

　　21. Do hydroponic flowers need to have their solution changed regularly?

　　The roots of hydroponic flowers are soaked in nutrient solution, which has a relatively poor buffering capacity compared to the substrate. Due to the metabolism of the plant, new roots are constantly growing, and the roots may also secrete some toxic substances, which have an adverse effect on the growth and development of the root system.

　　In addition, since different flowers absorb nutrients differently and are selective, it often causes an imbalance of nutrients in the nutrient solution. Sometimes it will cause physiological diseases caused by deficiency. In addition, the influence of temperature on pH will also cause imbalance, which is especially obvious in hydroponic methods. Therefore, hydroponics requires regular changes of solution. In winter, spring, and autumn, the solution should be changed once a month, and in summer, it should be changed once every 20 days.

　　Therefore, a good nutrient solution must have a strong buffering capacity, which can stabilize the growth environment of the plant and ensure the balance of nutrients. This is also one of the main advantages of our nutrient solution.

　　22. What is the nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of flowers?

　　The original solution of nutrient solution is the most basic nutrient solution for cultivating flowers. The concentrated solution is the nutrient solution that is concentrated several times for the convenience of storage and carrying, such as 100 times, 200 times, 250 times, 400 times and 1000 times. The concentration multiple is prepared according to the storage needs. The diluted solution is the nutrient solution after the concentrated solution is diluted with water according to the growth needs of flowers. Generally, the diluted solution refers to the concentration of the working solution, such as a 100-fold concentrated solution, which becomes the working solution after being diluted 100 times. Sometimes the diluted solution is diluted according to the concentration required by the type of flower and the growth period, so the diluted solution cannot be considered as the original solution. It can be said that the diluted solution is the cultivation solution, and some are called culture solution. Because the purpose of dilution is for cultivation.

　　23. How to hydroponically cultivate flowers and bromeliads? Bromeliaceae

　　(cryptanthus acaulis), also known as purple brocade bromeliad, starfish flower, velvet leaf bromeliad, bromeliad genus. Native to Brazil and Guyana, it likes warm, humid and semi-shady environments. The suitable temperature for growth in summer is 20℃ to 30℃, and not less than 10℃ in winter; the relative humidity should be in the range of 60% to 70%. At the same time, attention must be paid to the "

　　increasing income and reducing expenditure" of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution, which is the key to the success of static hydroponics of terrestrial plants. To this end, a series of principles of pollution-free, sterile (few bacteria) cultivation must be fully observed during hydroponics. Bromeliads are usually propagated by division, and lateral buds (root buds) can be cut from old plants for hydroponics. Potted plants can also be washed and hydroponics can be used. Using a planting basket and combining our hydroponic domestication technology can effectively solve the problem of dissolved oxygen.

　　24. Can hydroponic technology or flower nutrient solution ensure that plants survive the winter?

　　The main function of flower nutrient solution is to provide nutrition for hydroponic flowers to ensure their normal growth, but it will not change the genetic structure of the plant. It can only be said that due to sufficient and effective nutrition, plants grow strong and their cold resistance is enhanced, but this enhancement is insignificant compared to the original cold resistance of plants, and the extent of the increase in cold resistance is extremely limited (this is the same as the reason why strong people are more cold-resistant). So far, except for genetic modification technology, no hydroponic technology or nutrients can significantly improve the cold resistance of plants themselves. Therefore, hydroponic domestication technology cannot fundamentally change the cold resistance of plants themselves, and at most it can slightly improve the cold resistance of hydroponic plants. Generally speaking, hydroponic plants are placed indoors or in greenhouses, which are relatively warm, so even in the north, hydroponic flowers can be raised in winter, but remember that it is not the hydroponic technology or flower nutrient solution that changes the cold resistance of hydroponic flowers, but the indoor and greenhouse insulation that plays a role.

The origin of flowers

　　Since the 19th century, many botanists have conducted extensive plant surveys and carried out comprehensive research in multiple disciplines such as plant geography, paleontology, ecology, archaeology, linguistics and history, and have successively summarized and proposed the origin center theory of the world's cultivated plants.

　　1. De Candol's theory of the origin center of cultivated plants

　　2. Vavilov's theory of the origin center of cultivated plants

　　3. Burkier's view on the origin of cultivated plants

　　4. Darlington's origin center of cultivated plants

　　5. Zhukovsky's large gene center of cultivated plants

　　6. Harlan's classification of the origin of cultivated plants